[The phenotypic and functional characteristics of cells of inherent and adaptive immunity of newborns of various gestation age.]

During last years, a large number of studies related to investigation of development of immune system at early stages of ontogenesis are directed to expansion of concepts of mechanisms of inherent and adaptive immunity in premature newborns. However, discrepancy in publication data and absence of accurate conceptions about condition of immune system in children of various gestation age determine actuality of further investigation of this problem. The study was carried out to establish characteristics of phenotypic and functional characteristics of cells of inherent and adaptive immunity. The sampling included newborns of various gestation age: group I - 22-27 weeks (n=15), group II - 28-32 weeks (n=29), group III - 33-36 weeks (n=25), group IV - 37-41 weeks (n=25). The number of lymphocytes (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD19+, CD95+CD3+, CD45RO+CD3+, CD45RA+CD3-) and monocytes (HLA-DR+CD14+, CD282+CD14+, CD4+IFNγ+, CD4+IL4+) was detected using flow cytofluorometry technique. It is established that capacity of monocytes to discern patterns of pathogenicity of microorganisms is developed in children to gestation age of 22 weeks. The characteristic of children of gestation age of 22-27 weeks is deficiency of processes of presentation of antigen and proliferative activity of specific clones of lymphocytes associated with increased spontaneous production of intracellulary cytokines (IFN-γ+ и IL-4+) by regulative CD4+-cells. At reaching gestation age of 28 weeks, the percentage content of activated monocytes, main populations of T-lymphocytes and number of cytokines-producing cells correspond to age of full-term child. The received data dictate necessity of implementation of further investigations directed to establishment of age normative values of indices of immunity of full-term children.

Risk factors vary early preterm birth and perinatal complications after assisted reproductive technology.

We conducted a study of markers of endothelial dysfunction and angiogenesis regulation, as well as the identification of the main lymphocyte populations, activated CD3 + CD95+-cells and cytokine-producing CD4 + IFN-γ+-, CD4 + IL-4+ -lymphocytes in the 1st trimester of gestation in women with ART-induced pregnancy and spontaneous pregnancy. We used the same indicators to assess the immune status of ELBW infants at birth and at the post-conceptual age of 38-40 weeks. It was determined that the risk factors of very early preterm delivery are: threatened miscarriage, chronic placental insufficiency, endothelial dysfunction, increased spontaneous production of intracellular cytokines. Adverse perinatal outcomes in ELBW infants from ART-induced pregnancy are associated with lower anthropometric measures, low Apgar scores high level of inflammatory infections (pneumonia), grade II intraventricular hemorrhage, movement disorders in the form of lower paraparesis. Immune status of those infants is characterized by the increase in the number of CD8+- and CD3-CD16 + CD56+ -lymphocytes, the expression level of Fas-receptor by T-cells, and the increased production of intracellular and serum IFNγ against the decrease in the number of CD4+-cells, which indicates enhancing of cytotoxic effector potential and proinflammatory orientation of cell responses.