UCRAID (Ukrainian Citizen and refugee electronic support in Respiratory diseases, Allergy, Immunology and Dermatology) action plan.

Eight million Ukrainians have taken refuge in the European Union. Many have asthma and/or allergic rhinitis and/or urticaria, and around 100,000 may have a severe disease. Cultural and language barriers are a major obstacle to appropriate management. Two widely available mHealth apps, MASK-air® (Mobile Airways Sentinel NetworK) for the management of rhinitis and asthma and CRUSE® (Chronic Urticaria Self Evaluation) for patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria, were updated to include Ukrainian versions that make the documented information available to treating physicians in their own language. The Ukrainian patients fill in the questionnaires and daily symptom-medication scores for asthma, rhinitis (MASK-air) or urticaria (CRUSE) in Ukrainian. Then, following the GDPR, patients grant their physician access to the app by scanning a QR code displayed on the physician's computer enabling the physician to read the app contents in his/her own language. This service is available freely. It takes less than a minute to show patient data to the physician in the physician's web browser. UCRAID-developed by ARIA (Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma) and UCARE (Urticaria Centers of Reference and Excellence)-is under the auspices of the Ukraine Ministry of Health as well as European (European Academy of Allergy and Clinical immunology, EAACI, European Respiratory Society, ERS, European Society of Dermatologic Research, ESDR) and national societies.

The use of eponyms in medical case reports: etymological, quantitative, and structural analysis.

BACKGROUND: The present paper focuses on eponyms, that is, terms with proper names, in particular, derived from world mythologies, the Bible, and modern literature. The study highlights the significance of this terminological phenomenon in the English sublanguage of medicine and discusses its role in the process of writing medical case reports. The objectives of the research are to study the prevalence of eponyms in the English language in medical case reports and to analyze the etymology of the revealed terms. The deeper purpose of our study is to demonstrate that eponymic terms in general, and mythological and literary eponyms, in particular, are present in doctors' spoken and written discourse far more extensively than might seem at first glance. By drawing attention to this terminological phenomenon, we will provide relevant guidelines, which will ensure the correct use of eponyms by medical professionals who will deal with the genre of medical case reports. METHODS: We studied the prevalence of these terms in the issues of Journal of Medical Case Reports (2008-2022) and classified them according to their etymological origin and frequency of use. The selected medical case reports were considered using the methods of quantitative examination, and structural, etymological, and contextual analyses. RESULTS: We detected the major tendencies in using mythological and literary eponyms in medical case reports. We found a total of 81 mythological and literary eponyms, represented by 3995 cases of use in Journal of Medical Case Reports issues, and traced the etymology of their onomastic components. Hence, we delineated the five most prevalent sources of these terminological units: Greek mythology, Roman mythology, other world mythologies, the Bible, and fiction. The research revealed that modern medical case reports largely rely primarily on Greek mythology (65 eponyms, 3633 results), which is due to a rich informational and metaphorical arsenal of these ancient corpora of human knowledge. The group of eponyms rooted in Roman mythology ranks second, and these terms are much less prevalent in modern medical case reports (6 eponyms, 113 results). Four eponyms (88 results) represent other world mythologies (Germanic and Egyptian). Two terms with onomastic components come from the Bible (15 results), and four eponyms stem from modern literature (146 results). We also detected several widespread mistakes in the spelling of some mythological and literary eponyms. It is our opinion that the awareness of an eponym's etymology can effectively prevent and minimize the appearance of such errors in medical case reports. CONCLUSIONS: The adequate use of mythological and literary eponyms in medical case reports is an effective way to share one's clinical findings with colleagues from all over the world, because these eponyms are internationally widespread and understood. Correct use of eponyms promotes the continuity of medical knowledge and ensures conciseness and brevity, which are indispensable features of medical case reports as a genre. Therefore, it is highly important to draw students' attention to the most prevalent mythological and literary eponyms, used in contemporary medical case reports, so they could use them appropriately, as well as with due awareness of the origin of these terms. The study also demonstrated that medicine and humanities are closely related and inherently interconnected areas. We believe that the study of this group of eponyms should be an integral component of doctors' training and continuing professional education. This will ensure the interdisciplinary and synergic approach in modern medical education, which in turn will promote the all-round development of future healthcare specialists, endowed not only with professional expertise, but also with extensive background knowledge.

COGNITIVE AND STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LATIN TERMS FOR INFECTIOUS AND INVASIVE DISEASES WITH A ZOOMORPHIC COMPONENT.

OBJECTIVE: The aim was to analyze the morphological, structural and lexico-semantic presentation of the Latin terms denoting the infectious and parasitic diseases, part of which is a zoonymic component. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The presentation sample was made by the method of continuous sampling based on textbooks, manuals, including the three-volume edition "Infectious and parasitic diseases", and a number of modern dictionaries. Structural, semantic and descriptive methods were used to address the aim of the research. RESULTS: Results: Monolexemic composites with a zoomorphic component are formed in a suffixal way. In multi-word phrases, syntactic constructions of mixed type, are usually used and they are characterized by the combination of words of Greek and Latin origin, but these formations are few. The eponymous and toponymic formations to denote specific nosological forms in helminthology are not typical. The data on the first contribution of a researcher to the description of the disease in the name of the term is not displayed, preference is still given to the name of the pathogen, rather than the name of the researcher. The prefix-suffix-based method of formation of terms denoting infectious and parasitic diseases with a zoonymic component is observed sporadically. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The comparison of the above-analyzed terms with the corresponding terminological units of the English medical terminology indicates the predominant use of Latin terminological units. In contrast to many clinical terms with a zoomorphic component, where certain associative moments are taken into account.

NIKOLAI IVANOVICH PIROGOV - AMICUS HUMANI GENERIS.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: Was to analyze the scientific and pedagogical heritage of N.I. Pirogov through the prism of his outstanding polymathic abilities. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The authors examined the scientific and pedagogical heritage of N.I. Pirogov using the method of historiographical analysis, as well as the methods of synthesis and generalization. The study relies on research publications devoted to N.I. Pirogov's biography, as well as his epistolary and autobiographical works. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The scientific novelty of the research is that the biography of N. Pirogov is represented with refinements and additions based on his latest work "From the Diary of an Old Doctor". The authors analyzed the epistolary heritage of N. Pirogov, which served as a valuable biographical source. Given the anthropocentrism of the current stage of the existence of society and European civilization, the authors sought to "revive" the biography of N. Pirogov. In this regard, considerable attention is paid to his personal life. As a result, the article considers this outstanding personality in a new perspective, presenting the main stages of his scientific and medical activity.

THE FEASIBILITY OF CONVERSATION ANALYSIS TOOL IN THE FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT OF MEDICAL AND DENTAL STUDENTS' ACHIEVEMENTS IN ENGLISH FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this research is to demonstrate the feasibility of the Conversation Analysis Tool as an effective method of formative assessment in the context of teaching the University course of English for Specific Purposes (Medicine and Dentistry) through the implementation of elaborated and well-targeted classroom assignments and activities. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The paper describes the experience of applying the Conversation Analysis Tool, developed by Kenji Hakuta et al. (Stanford University Graduate School of Education). The study relied on the analysis of the transcribed classroom conversations between students in terms of different communicative dimensions. RESULTS: Results: Activities 1-2 focused on developing the skill of clarifying ideas in 2nd-year medical students who studied the topics "Allergy" and "Sensory Organs". Activities 3-4 scaffolded the skills of negotiating and fortifying ideas in 1st-year dental students while they mastered the topics "Tooth Extraction" and "Dental Filings". The authors used such scaffolding means as the Conversation Skills Poster with starter-finisher phrases, sentence frames, strategic pairings, and visuals (graphic organizers, charts). Along with a number of prompts, the fishbowl method, modeling situations, and different moves were applied depending on the situation and the material discussed. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The Conversation Analysis Tool proved to be an effective method of formative assessment in the context of teaching the University course of English for Specific Purposes (Medicine and Dentistry). This technique discloses students' level of understanding of the learning material, reveals the potential gaps in mastering the academic subject and allows the teacher to react timely and appropriately to eliminate them. This research will be useful for ESOL teachers at medical universities, as well as for educators from other academic settings, in the process of formative assessment and organizing classroom activities.

THE RESULTS OF MONITORING THE SYCHOLOGICAL READINESS FOR PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES IN MEDICAL STUDENTS.

OBJECTIVE: The aim was to analyze the psychological readiness of a future physician for professional activity, the attitude of the first-year medical students to their profession, the formation of positive motivation to study and professional activity in general. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: In the course of research, the following techniques have been used: bibliosemantic method for the analysis of scientific publications, methodology for study the main motives for choosing a profession, suggested by Ye.M. Pavliutenkov, methodology for study the motives of academic activity, suggested by A.A. Rean and V.A. Yakunin to conduct a survey in the process of learning medical and biological physics by the students of Medical and Dental Faculties at the Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy in 2018/2019 academic year, the MS Excel software application. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Professional identity of medical students begins at the first course of studies and coincides with the heavy academic load of general scientific, medical and biological disciplines, foreign languages, etc. In the period of professional identification, it is very important to create a positive motivation for learning, to acquire knowledge and skills that will be necessary in future professional activity. Therefore, the use of the state-of-the-art multimedia specialized means, involvement of students into self-research activity, etc., is crucial for its formation. Prospects for further research encompass the study of the issue of readiness for professional activity and motivation of international students at medical higher education institutions and the development of methodological support for teaching humanities at a medical university, taking into account the abovementioned recommendations.

The scientific and pedagogical heritage of doctor N.I. Pirogov.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: was toanalyze the scientific and pedagogical heritage of N.I. Pirogov, which remains relevant in the modern medical and pedagogical community, and opens new little-known pages of the scientific, pedagogical and medical activity of the doctor. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The authors conducted a thorough analysis of scientific publications by N.I. Pirogov and papers devoted to his activity as a doctor, educator and researcher using analytical, comparative and bibliosemantic methods. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The study suggested the new chronological boundaries in the scientific and educational heritage of N.I. Pirogov. The developed periodization accurately reflects the beginning of his scientific and pedagogical path in medical education, specifically refers to the period of his work in Germany as a supervisor of professorial candidates from 1862 to 1866, and the period of his participation in Sevastopol (Crimean) campaign and in the Franco-Prussian War, which was very important for the development of military field surgery.

development of motivation towards education in medical students.

OBJECTIVE: Introduction: The quality of professional medical training is a relevant issue for clinical and educational setting due to modernization and reform processes at the present stage of the society's development. The formation of the future doctors' interest in professional activities mostly depends on the implementation of pedagogical conditions, aimed at developing the positive motivation towards education. The aim: The authors aim to examine the concept of motivation and define its role in the process of professional training of future doctors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods. A questionnaire survey was conducted for students of the first year of study (medical and dental faculties) using the methods of studying the profession's attractiveness and its factors (by V. Yadov, modification by I. Kuzmina, A. Rean) and studying the orientation towards the acquisition of knowledge via the test by E. Ilyin and N. Kurdyakova. RESULTS: Results: Based on the analysis of literary sources, the main factors that influence the interest of students in education were identified and the pedagogical conditions for the formation of positive motivation for training activity in the educational setting of a higher medical educational institution were highlighted. It was found that most students prefer social motives when choosing a profession, and almost 10% of the subjects show a low level of focus on learning in the process of education. The authors provided practical recommendations on the formation of positive motivation for students' training when studying humanities at a medical university with the help of multimedia teaching materials, inclusion of students in the self-directed research activity, etc. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: On the basis of generalized experience of educators and psychologists, as well as our own studies, we consider that the following pedagogical conditions form the positive motivation towards education in medical students of the first year of study: effective use of modern multimedia specialized tools (electronic journals, specialized web-sites); students' engagement in the self-directed research activity; use of modern specialized software for solving professional tasks. Such techniques enable the integration of knowledge, skills and abilities in several subjects, prepare students for academic subjects in the second year of study and maximally approximate the training objectives to future professional activities.

Medicalization in the modern british and american english: structural and narrative analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Introduction: The article focuses on the mechanisms of medicalization, i.e., the description of social phenomena, human qualities or types of behavior in terms of biomedical conditions in the modern British and American English. The aim of the research is to provide a structural typology of "medicalized" lexical units in the modern British and American English, and to analyze the author's pragmatic intentions and communicative strategies in each particular case. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The material of the research is the corpus of articles (2002-2017) from The Guardian, The Daily Telegraph, Forbes and The New York Times. The "medicalized" lexical units were selected by automatic search and sampling, and considered by means of structural, narrative, contextual and component analysis methods. RESULTS: Review: It has been found that medicalization in the British and American mass media discourse is observed at four linguistic levels: (1) at the level of morphemes (affixation); (2) at the level of lexemes; (3) at the level of collocations; and (4) at the level of sentences. Affixation is one of the most productive tools of medicalization which leads to the formation of medical neologisms. The lexical manifestations of medicalization implement the following communicative strategies and pragmatic intentions: skepticism expression; attracting the readers' attention; revealing and denouncing the addictive phenomena and processes of the present-day world. The affixation way of neologization provides the newly created words with a vivid stylistic shade. The use of "medicalized" headlines enables the authors to capture the readers' attention. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Medicalization is a complex process involving the spreading influence of medical terminology into the communicative environment of "non-medical" areas of human life, which requires further linguistic study. Medicalization of virtually all spheres of society is an essential driving force in the formation of the linguistic world-image of the modern man, and the research of this tendency allows us to reveal the underlying processes of human thinking. By means of medicalization, authors attract the readers' attention, focus on the burning societal problems, aiming to "diagnose" and "treat" these issues.

Lexical borrowings from classical languages in the english and french medical terminologies: a comparative study.

OBJECTIVE: Introduction: The present paper examines the types of terminological borrowings of classical origin in the modern English and French sublanguages of medicine. The aim: The authors aim to conduct the lexico-semantic analysis of borrowings from classical languages in the medical terminologies of English and French. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The research is based on the corpus of terminological units from Dictionary of medical terms and Dictionnaire des termes médicaux et biologiques et des médicaments, using structural, typological and comparative methods. RESULTS: Review: The terminological units under consideration were analyzed and grouped into three major categories: (1) adapted (assimilated) Latin and latinized Greek terms which underwent certain changes in the modern English and French; (2) non-adapted (non-assimilated) words which preserve the original form of classical languages, and (3) "hybrid borrowings" as a special combination of the previous two types. The research has revealed the fact that modern French has assimilated significantly more terms from classical languages, whereas English most commonly preserves their original (non-adapted) form. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Terminological borrowings from classical languages constitute an extensive layer of special vocabulary in both English and French sublanguages of medicine. The group of "hybrid borrowings", described in this paper, requires further in-depth study and is of particular interest for linguists and specialists in the field of terminology.

Pharmaceutical terms with onomastic component: quantitative, structural and lexico-semantic analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Introduction: The present paper examines the prevalence and role of eponymic terms in the Latin and English pharmaceutical terminologies. The aim: The authors aim to conduct the quantitative, structural and lexico-semantic analysis of the names of medications with the proprial component. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The research material in the amount of 147 units was obtained by the continuous sampling from the dictionaries, guidebooks and manuals on prescription-writing using the narrative and component analysis methods, by means of which the arrangement, systematization, classification and interpretation of the structural, semantic and functional features of the units under consideration have been conducted. RESULTS: Review and conclusions: The research has resulted in the delineation of the following groups of eponymic terms in the pharmaceutical terminologies of Latin and English: (1) semisolid dosage forms (formae medicamentorum molles): 81 title (55.1%); (2) liquid dosage forms (formae medicamentorum fluidae): 60 lexical units (40.8%); (3) solid dosage forms (formae medicamentorum solidae): 6 cases (4.1%). The analysis of 147 units showed that the most extensive group of pharmaceutical terminology units with the eponymic component are the names that specify the dosage form of medication. The prospects for research are in the further in-depth study to examine the tendencies of eponymization in both synchronic and diachronic aspects.

The use of Latin terminology in medical case reports: quantitative, structural, and thematic analysis.

BACKGROUND: This paper focuses on the prevalence of Latin terms and terminological collocations in the issues of Journal of Medical Case Reports (February 2007-August 2017) and discusses the role of Latin terminology in the contemporary process of writing medical case reports. METHODS: The objective of the research is to study the frequency of using Latin terminology in English-language medical case reports, thus providing relevant guidelines for medical professionals who deal with this genre and drawing their attention to the peculiarities of using Latin in case reports. The selected medical case reports are considered, using methods of quantitative examination and structural, narrative, and contextual analyses. RESULTS: We developed structural and thematic typologies of Latin terms and expressions, and we conducted a quantitative analysis that enabled us to observe the tendencies in using these lexical units in medical case reports. The research revealed that the use of Latin fully complies with the communicative strategies of medical case reports as a genre. Owing to the fact that Latin medical lexis is internationally adopted and understood worldwide, it promotes the conciseness of medical case reports, as well as contributes to their narrative style and educational intentions. CONCLUSIONS: The adequate use of Latin terms in medical case reports is an essential prerequisite of effective sharing of one's clinical findings with fellow researchers from all over the world. Therefore, it is highly important to draw students' attention to Latin terms and expressions that are used in medical case reports most frequently. Hence, the analysis of structural, thematic, and contextual features of Latin terms in case reports should be an integral part of curricula at medical universities.

Developing the professional competence of future doctors in the instructional setting of higher medical educational institutions.

INTRODUCTION: The main objectives of higher medical education is the continuous professional improvement of physicians to meet the needs dictated by the modern world both at undergraduate and postgraduate levels. In this respect, the system of higher medical education has undergone certain changes - from determining the range of professional competences to the adoption of new standards of education in medicine. AIM: The article aims to analyze the parameters of doctor's professionalism in the context of competence-based approach and to develop practical recommendations for the improvement of instruction techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors reviewed the psycho-pedagogical materials and summarized the acquired experience of teachers at higher medical institutions as to the development of instruction techniques in the modern educational process. The study is based on the results of testing via the technique developed by T.I. Ilyina. Analytical and biblio-semantic methods were used in the paper. RESULTS: It has been found that the training process at medical educational institution should be focused on the learning outcomes. The authors defined the quality parameters of doctors' training and suggested the model for developing the professional competence of medical students. This model explains the cause-and-effect relationships between the forms of instruction, teaching techniques and specific components of professional competence in future doctors. CONCLUSIONS: The paper provides practical recommendations on developing the core competencies which a qualified doctor should master. The analysis of existing interactive media in Ukraine and abroad has been performed. It has been found that teaching the core disciplines with the use of latest technologies and interactive means keeps abreast of the times, while teaching social studies and humanities to medical students still involves certain difficulties.

Terminological collocations in medical latin and english: a comparative study.

INTRODUCTION: The present paper examines the linguistic status of terminological collocations in medical Latin and English, discusses the most productive term-formation models and ways of Latin-English translation. AIM: The authors aim to provide the comparative analysis of Latin and English terminological collocations and suggest their classification in terms of the idiomaticity level and semantic valency. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The research is based on the corpus of terminological collocations in Latin and English medical discourse using structural, etymological, typological, comparative methods, as well as the method of semantic analysis and conceptual metaphor theory. RESULTS: The research has resulted in the delineation of the following groups of terminological collocations in medical Latin and English: (1) terminological collocations with lower degree of idiomaticity - analytical units whose semantics correlates with the amount of free meanings of the components; (2) terminological collocations with semantic cohesion of the components due to metaphorical nature of the terminological element with active / passive valency; (3) clinical idioms - terminological collocations with higher degree of idiomaticity. Within the latter group, we suggest to discern eponymic, toponymic, zoomorphic, botanic and mythonimic subtypes of terminological collocations. CONCLUSIONS: A promising area of future research is the development of bilingual explanatory dictionaries with Latin and English equivalents of terminological collocations, as well as the information about the semantics of their components.

Stylistic features of case reports as a genre of medical discourse.

BACKGROUND: The present paper discusses the lexical and grammatical peculiarities of English language medical case reports, taking into account their communicative purposes and intentions. METHODS: The objective of the research is to clarify the principal mechanisms of producing an effective English language medical case report and thus to provide recommendations and guidelines for medical professionals who will deal with this genre. The analysis of medical case reports will largely focus on the most significant linguistic peculiarities, such as the use of active and passive voice, the choice of particular verb tenses, and pronouns. The selected medical case reports will be considered using methods of lexico-grammatical analysis, quantitative examination, and contextual, structural, narrative, and stylistic analyses. RESULTS: The research revealed a range of important stylistic features of medical case reports which markedly distinguish them from other genres of medical scientific writing: educational and instructive intentions, conciseness and brevity, direct and personal tone, and material presented in a narrative style. The present research has shown that the communicative strategies of the analyzed discourse, mentioned immediately above, are effectively implemented by means of specific lexical units and grammatical structures: the dominance of active voice sentences, past simple tense, personal pronouns, and modal verbs. The research has also detected the occasional use of the present perfect, present simple, and future simple tenses and passive voice which also serve particular communicative purposes of medical case reports. CONCLUSIONS: Medical case reports possess a range of unique characteristics which differ from those of research articles and other scientific genres within the framework of written medical discourse. It is to be emphasized that it is highly important for medical professionals to master the major stylistic principles and communicative intentions of medical case report as a genre in order to share their findings with fellow researchers from all over the world. Hence, in the process of training future medical researchers, the analysis of the basic mechanisms of writing a medical case report should be an integral part of the curricula in English for Specific Purposes at universities.