RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To synthesize a novel antibacterial orthodontic elastomeric ligature incorporating dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) for the first time to prevent enamel demineralization during orthodontic therapy. METHODS: Various mass fractions of DMAHDM (ranging from 0 % to 20 %) were grafted onto commercial elastomeric ligatures using an ultraviolet photochemical grafting method and were characterized. The optimal DMAHDM concentration was determined based on biocompatibility and mechanical properties, and the antibacterial efficacy was evaluated in a whole-plaque biofilm model. TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction and fluorescence in situ hybridization were used to assess the microbial regulatory ability of the multispecies biofilms. Furthermore, an in vitro tooth demineralization model was established to explore its preventive effects on enamel demineralization. Statistical analysis involved a one-way analysis of variance and LSD post hoc tests at a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS: The elastomeric ligature containing 2 % mass fraction of DMAHDM exhibited excellent mechanical properties, favorable biocompatibility, and the most effective antibacterial ability against microorganisms, which decreased by almost two logarithms (P < 0.05). It significantly reduced the proportion of Streptococcus mutans in the multispecies plaque biofilm by 25 % at 72 h, leading to an enhanced biofilm microenvironment. Moreover, the novel elastomeric ligature demonstrated an obvious preventive effect on enamel demineralization, with an elastic modulus 30 % higher and hardness 62 % higher than those of the control group within 3 months (P < 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE: The integration of DMAHDM with an elastomeric ligature holds significant promise for regulating biofilms and preventing enamel demineralization in orthodontic applications.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Alveolar bone defects caused by inflammation are an urgent issue in oral implant surgery that must be solved. Regulating the various phenotypes of macrophages to enhance the inflammatory environment can significantly affect the progression of diseases and tissue engineering repair process. AIM: To assess the influence of interleukin-10 (IL-10) on the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) following their interaction with macrophages in an inflammatory environment. METHODS: IL-10 modulates the differentiation of peritoneal macrophages in Wistar rats in an inflammatory environment. In this study, we investigated its impact on the proliferation, migration, and osteogenesis of BMSCs. The expression levels of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and its activated form, phosphorylated-STAT3, were examined in IL-10-stimulated macrophages. Subsequently, a specific STAT3 signaling inhibitor was used to impede STAT3 signal activation to further investigate the role of STAT3 signaling. RESULTS: IL-10-stimulated macrophages underwent polarization to the M2 type through substitution, and these M2 macrophages actively facilitated the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Mechanistically, STAT3 signaling plays a crucial role in the process by which IL-10 influences macrophages. Specifically, IL-10 stimulated the activation of the STAT3 signaling pathway and reduced the macrophage inflammatory response, as evidenced by its diminished impact on the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. CONCLUSION: Stimulating macrophages with IL-10 proved effective in improving the inflammatory environment and promoting the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. The IL-10/STAT3 signaling pathway has emerged as a key regulator in the macrophage-mediated control of BMSCs' osteogenic differentiation.
