RESUMO
BACKGROUND: In the field of hearing research a variety of imaging techniques are available to study molecular and cellular structures of the cochlea. Most of them are based on decalcifying, embedding, and cutting of the cochlea. By means of scanning laser optical tomography (SLOT), the complete cochlea can be visualized without cutting. The Cav1.3-/- mice have already been extensively characterized and show structural changes in the inner ear. Therefore, they were used in this study as a model to investigate whether SLOT can detect structural differences in the murine cochlea. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Whole undissected cochleae from Cav1.3-/- and wild-type mice of various postnatal stages were immunostained and analyzed by SLOT. The results were compared to cochlea preparations that were immunostained and analyzed by fluorescence microscopy. In addition, cochlea preparations were stained with osmium tetraoxide. RESULTS: Visualization by SLOT showed that the staining of nerve fibers at P27 in Cav1.3-/- mice was almost absent compared to wild-type mice and earlier timepoints (P9). The analysis of cochlea preparations confirmed a reduction of the radial nerve fibers. In addition, a significantly reduced number of ribbon synapses per inner hair cell (IHC) at P20 and P27 in the apical part of the cochlea of Cav1.3-/- mice was detected. CONCLUSION: The visualization of whole non-dissected cochleae by SLOT is a suitable tool for the analysis of gross phenotypic changes, as demonstrated by means of the Cav1.3-/- mouse model. For the analysis of finer structures of the cochlea, however, further methods must be used.
Assuntos
Cóclea , Células Ciliadas Auditivas Internas/ultraestrutura , Tomografia Óptica , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Camundongos , Sinapses , Tomografia Óptica/métodosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: In the field of hearing research a variety of imaging techniques are available to study molecular and cellular structures of the cochlea. Most of them are based on decalcifying, embedding, and cutting of the cochlea. By means of scanning laser optical tomography (SLOT), the complete cochlea can be visualized without cutting. The Cav1.3-/- mice have already been extensively characterized and show structural changes in the inner ear. Therefore, they were used in this study as a model to investigate whether SLOT can detect structural differences in the murine cochlea. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Whole undissected cochleae from Cav1.3-/- and wildtype mice of various postnatal stages were immunostained and analyzed by SLOT. The results were compared to cochlea preparations that were immunostained and analyzed by fluorescence microscopy. In addition, cochlea preparations were stained with osmium tetraoxide. RESULTS: Visualization by SLOT showed that the staining of nerve fibers at P27 in Cav1.3-/- mice was almost absent compared to wildtype mice and earlier timepoints (P9). The analysis of cochlea preparations confirmed a reduction of the radial nerve fibers. In addition, a significantly reduced number of ribbon synapses per inner hair cell (IHC) at P20 and P27 in the apical part of the cochlea of Cav1.3-/- mice was detected. CONCLUSION: The visualization of whole non-dissected cochleae by SLOT is a suitable tool for the analysis of gross phenotypic changes, as demonstrated by means of the Cav1.3-/- mouse model. For the analysis of finer structures of the cochlea, however, further methods must be used.
Assuntos
Células Ciliadas Auditivas Internas , Tomografia Óptica , Animais , Cóclea , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Células Ciliadas Auditivas Internas/ultraestrutura , Camundongos , Sinapses , Tomografia Óptica/métodosAssuntos
Erros de Diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Orelha/diagnóstico , Tumor de Células Gigantes do Osso/diagnóstico , Otite Média/diagnóstico , Osso Petroso/patologia , Neoplasias Cranianas/diagnóstico , Sinovite Pigmentada Vilonodular/diagnóstico , Doença Crônica , Comportamento Cooperativo , Neoplasias da Orelha/patologia , Neoplasias da Orelha/terapia , Feminino , Tumor de Células Gigantes do Osso/patologia , Tumor de Células Gigantes do Osso/terapia , Humanos , Imageamento Tridimensional , Comunicação Interdisciplinar , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Processo Mastoide/patologia , Processo Mastoide/cirurgia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Invasividade Neoplásica , Otite Média/patologia , Otite Média/terapia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/diagnóstico , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/patologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/terapia , Encaminhamento e Consulta , Reoperação , Neoplasias Cranianas/patologia , Neoplasias Cranianas/terapia , Sinovite Pigmentada Vilonodular/patologia , Sinovite Pigmentada Vilonodular/terapia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , TimpanoplastiaAssuntos
Histiocitoma Fibroso Maligno/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Língua/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Histiocitoma Fibroso Maligno/patologia , Histiocitoma Fibroso Maligno/cirurgia , Humanos , Excisão de Linfonodo , Linfonodos/patologia , Metástase Linfática/patologia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Reoperação , Neoplasias da Língua/patologia , Neoplasias da Língua/cirurgiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Flap necrosis in ear, nose, and throat surgery, especially in high-risk groups, is not rare, but not all of the individual pathophysiological processes are known. The objective of this study was to establish an animal model to determine whether acute ischemic preconditioning, which has been reported to be successful in organ transplantation, will result in enhanced flap survival. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Forty-two Wistar rats were divided into three experimental groups. An epigastric adipocutaneous flap, based on both superficial epigastric arteries and veins, was raised. The flap was either raised (control), clamped for 2 h (ischemic), or subjected to ischemia of 30 min, followed by 30 min of reperfusion and another 2 h of induced ischemia (IP). The mean flap necrosis area was assessed in all groups on the 5th postoperative day. RESULTS: All animals were doing well on the final day. The average necrosis in the ischemic group was significantly greater than in the control group. No significant superiority in the IP group was demonstrated. CONCLUSION: The data show that the experimental animal model is practicable and that additional approaches to ischemic preconditioning should be verified.