[Evaluation of first void urine in the detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in patients less symptomatic in Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire)]. / Evaluation du premier jet d'urine dans la détection de Neisseria gonorrhoeae chez des patients paucisymptomatiques à Abdidjan (Côte d'Ivoire).

Various diagnostic methods have been described to detect Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Collection of first void urine is advantageous because it is non-invasive, reproducible, and painless; and provides specimens that have already been used for detection of N. gonorrhoeae by molecular tools. The purpose of this study was to assess the usefulness of first void urine for detection of N. gonorrhoeae using conventional bacteriologic techniques in patients with low-grade symptoms. Investigation was focused on first void urine and urethral secretion specimens collected from 87 male patients who were undergoing diagnotic workup for suspicion of sexually transmitted infection. Direct microscopic examination of smears stained using the Gram technique and cultures on modified Thayer-Martin medium and on cooked blood agar were performed on each specimen. The prevalence of urethritis was 58.0%. Gonorrhoea was diagnosed in 7.5% of cases. The sensitivity and specificity of microscopic examination of first void urine for detection of Gram-negative diplococci were 85.7% and 97.5% respectively. First void urine was less productive than urethral secretion for detection of urethritis: sensitivity, 44.4% and specificity, 100%, and urethral flora: sensitivity, 59% and specificity of 96.9%. The good performance of first void urine specimens for detection of Gram-negative diplococci by microscopy may justify their use for identification of N. gonorrhoeae in level 1 laboratories. First void urine could also be useful for epidemiological studies and large-scale screening surveys.

Evaluation du premier jet d'urine dans la detection de Neisseria gonorrhoeae chez des patients paucisymptomatiques a Abdidjan (Cote d'Ivoire)

Il existe differentes methodes de diagnostic sur differents types de prelevement pour mettre en evidence Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Le prelevement de premier jet d'urine presente l'avantage d'etre non invasif; facilement reproductible et est deja utilise dans la detection de N. gonorrhoeae par des techniques moleculaires. L'objectif de cette etude etait d'evaluer le premier jet d'urine dans la detection de N. gonorrhoeae par les methodes classiques de bacteriologie chez des patients paucisymptomatiques. Elle a porte sur les prelevements de premier jet d'urine et de secretions uretrales de 87 patients de sexemasculin recus pour le diagnostic etiologique d'un syndrome d'infections sexuellement transmissibles. Un examen direct du frottis colore par la technique de Gram et des cultures sur le milieu de Thayer et Martin modifie et sur gelose au sang cuit enrichie en polyvitamines ont ete realises sur chacun des echantillons. La frequence des uretrites etait de 58;0. La gonococcie representait 7;5des cas. Le premier jet d'urines avait une sensibilite de 85;7et une specificite de 97;5dans la mise en evidence des diplocoques Gram negatif a l'examen direct. Par contre; il etait moins sensible que le prelevement de secretions uretrales dans la mise en evidence des uretrites microscopiques (sensibilite de 44;4et specificite de 100) et de la flore uretrale d'accompagnement (sensibilite de 59et specificite de 96;9). Les bonnes performances du premier jet d'urines dans la mise en evidence microscopique des diplocoques Gram negatif pourraient justifier son utilisation dans la detection deNeisseria gonorrhoeae dans un laboratoire de niveau 1. Il pourrait egalement etre utilise dans les etudes epidemiologiques et dans les enquetes de depistage a grande echelle

[Congenital absence of the patella: two cases reported]. / Absence congenitale de rotules: à propos de deux cas.

OBJECTIVES: To remind a rare disease, To emphasize the importance of patellar agenesis because it's a calling sign, To insist on the necessity to know child bony growth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reported observations of two negro-african children's, one female and one male, who were both 7-years-old. They were referred for troubles of the walk, knee pains for the male, and for the female frequent falls and hypotonia. We have noted previous history of second degree familial consanguinity and paternal grandfather's ungueal anomalies for the female. RESULTS: For the female, examination showed ligamentary hyperlaxity, anterior flattening and lateral dimple of the knee, so varied skeletal defects. Skeletal radiographies displayed absence of the patella, "console like" aspect of the superior tibial metaphysis. At the male, examination is normal. Standard radiographies showed semilunar opacities and tomodensitometry showed presence of a tissular formation who looks like the patella. Aplasia of the patellar apparatus is evocated for the female, even though for the male, the diagnosis of hypoplasia seems more probable. CONCLUSION: Absence of patella is rare. It can be transient and patellar nucleus appears lately. It can be permanent and in this case, it is isolated whether associated with other osseous malformations. Interest of such observations is in its rarity and its functional impact related to the biomechanical importance of the patella.

Les infections urinaires neonatales a Abidjan : problematique de la resistance bacterienne

Les infections neonatales sont frequentes avec un taux de letalite de 20 a 70dans les pays en voie de developpement. Parmi ces infections neonatales; l'infection urinaire peut etre grave chez le nouveaune car elle met en jeu aussi bien le pronostic renal; avec l'atrophie ou l'insuffisance renale en l'absence de traitement adequat; que le pronostic vital. Le diagnostic de l'infection urinaire repose sur l'examen cytobacte-riologique des urines. Mais il est rarement effectue a cause de la pauperisation de nos populations. Le but de cette etude etait d'identifier les germes responsables des infections urinaires chez le nouveau-ne afin d'adapter le traitement. Patients et methodes : De juillet a decembre 2004; 720 nouveau-nes hospitalises en neonatalogie au service de pediatrie pour infection neonatale ont fait l'objet de prelevements d'urines en vue d'examen cytobacteriologique. Resultats La culture bacterienne a ete positive pour 136 echantillons soit 18;. Concernant les etiologies des infections urinaires; les bacilles a Gram negatif de la famille des Enterobacteriaceae etaient predominantes avec 77;5contre 26;5pour les cocci a Gram positif Streptococcus et Staphylococcus. La frequence d'isolement dans l'ordre decroissant des enterobacteries etait la suivante : Escherichia coli; Klebsiella; Enterobacter et Levinea avec respectivement 32; 28; 28et 12. Les taux de resistance globale des enterobacteries aux antibiotiques usuels variaient de 66;7a 85;7pour l'amoxicilline associee a l'acide clavulanique ; de 25a 66;7pour la ceftriaxone ; et de 0 a 33;3pour l'amikacine

Evaluation de la qualite des prelevements des patients ambulatoires dans un laboratoire de bacteriologie medicale : cas de l'Institut Pasteur de Cote d'Ivoire

L'importance de l'assurance qualite a toutes les etapes de l'analyse medicale n'est plus a demontrer; mais peu de laboratoire medical en Afrique s'engage dans ce processus. L'objectif de l'etude etait de contribuer a l'amelioration de la qualite des prelevements recus au laboratoire de bacteriologie de l'Institut Pasteur de Cote d'Ivoire. Materiel et Methodes : Une etude descriptive a ete menee dans ce laboratoire sur une periode de 6 mois. Ont ete inclus dans l'etude; tous les echantillons d'urines; de selles et d'expectorations bronchiques provenant de patients ambulatoires; recus au laboratoire de bacteriologie pendant la duree de l'etude. Les prelevements de patients hospitalises ont ete exclus. Au total; 300 echantillons ont ete repertories. Un questionnaire elabore a partir du Guide de Bonne Execution des Analyses et de la norme ISO 15189 a ete utilise pour l'evaluation de la qualite des prelevements. Resultats : Sur un total de 300 echantillons biologiques enregistres; 224 soit 74;7etaient nonconformes. Dans 87;5des cas de non-conformites; il s'agissait d'un traitement antibiotique prealable au prelevement. Des actions correctives ont ete menees au laboratoire sur 30 echantillons avec 56;6pour les urines; 26;7pour les selles et 16;7pour les expectorations bronchiques. Conclusion : Au terme de cette etude; il ressort que la qualite des prelevements recus au laboratoire de bacteriologie medicale est a ameliorer

[Evolution of Streptococcus pneumoniae antibiotic resistance in Abidjan: update on nasopharyngeal carriage, from 1997 to 2001]. / Evolution de la résistance de Streptococcus pneumoniae aux antibiotiques à Abidjan: enquêtes de portage nasopharyngé de 1997 à 2001.

UNLABELLED: The emerging antibiotic resistance and worldwide diffusion of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains is an important public health problem. OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to study the evolution of S. pneumoniae resistance rates to penicillin G and other antimicrobials from nasopharyngeal carriage. METHOD: Four hundred and eighty-two nasopharyngeal samples of S. pneumoniae were studied from 1997 to 2001. The Kirby-Bauer technique was used to screen the susceptibility of samples and completed with the determination of penicillin G minimal inhibitory concentration using the E-test. RESULTS: Resistance to penicillin increased from 1997 to 2001: 8.5% in 1997, 20.7% in 1998, 16% in 1999, and 23.5% in 2001. However, the resistance to other beta-lactam antibiotics was low. The rate of resistance to cotrimoxazole increased from 52.2% in 1997 to 84.3% in 2001, with a higher degree of resistance in 2001. The resistance of S. pneumoniae to tetracycline increased. In contrast, the prevalence of erythromycin-resistant pneumococcal samples decreased from 11.6% in 1997 to 8% in 2001. The resistance to three or more antibiotics (multi-drug resistant) was also increased from 9.4% in 1997 to 23.5% in 2001. CONCLUSION: This data shows that carriage of antibiotic-resistant pneumococci is increasing in Abidjan. It will be interesting to assess the current bacterial resistance patterns by a national epidemiological observatory.

[Detection of transfusion transmitted virus (TTV) DNA in sera among three different population groups in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire in 2001]. / Détection de l'ADN du virus transmis par la transfusion (VTT) dans le sérum de trois populations différentes à Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, en 2001.

The aim of this study was to determine the transfusion transmitted Virus (TTV) prevalence in three groups of population from Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. The A group contained 39 multitransfused patients, the B group contained 10 blood donors supposed to be healthy persons which have never been transfused and the group C contained 43 patients with chronic liver pathology. In this last group, 33 patients had HBV positive serology and the 10 others, HCV positive serology. We used PCR to investigate TTV in patients serum. Detection rates were comprised between 67% and 82%. This is the first study to provide information about the high portage of TTV in ivorian population.

Antimicrobial resistance of nasopharyngeal isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae in healthy carriers: report of a study in 5-year-olds in Marcory, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.

The increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae is of growing public health concern. The aim of this study was to assess resistance rates of S. pneumoniae to penicillin and other antimicrobial agents. Between November 1997 and February 1998 in a community health centre in Marcory, an Abidjan suburb, 138 S. pneumoniae strains were isolated from the nasopharynxes of 218 apparently healthy children aged 3-60 months. The sensitivity of the isolates was tested using the Kirby-Bauer method. In isolates with a possibly abnormal sensitivity to the Kirby-Bauer test, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were estimated using the E-test. Antimicrobials tested included penicillin G, amoxycillin, cefotaxime, cotrimoxazole, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, rifampicin and vancomycin. Twelve of 108 isolates (8.7%) had reduced sensitivity to penicillin G, and in three of them the MIC for penicillin reached at least 2 micrograms/ml. Resistance to amoxycillin and cefotaxime was lower than to penicillin (2.2%). With regard to cotrimoxazole, 37% were moderately resistant and 15.2% highly resistant. The lowest resistance rate observed was to rifampicin (2.2%) and the highest was to tetracycline (57.2%). Rates of resistance to erythromycin and chloramphenicol were 11.6% and 2.9%. All strains were sensitive to vancomycin. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was detected in 9.4% of S. pneumoniae isolates. In children, epidemiological surveillance of resistance can be monitored by bacteriological surveys, as shown in this study.