Evaluation of thermal transport of day-old chicks / Avaliação térmica do transporte de pintos de um dia

The combining factors during initial handling might affect the broiler growth during the last week. Other factors might be considered, such as: fasting time, distance between hatchery and farm, vibration level, road quality, travel time, type of boxes and controlling environment inside the lorry. The aim of this work was to assess the thermal profile of truck with different levels of box placement during day-old chickens transport. An experiment was conducted through monitoring of 11 transport loads, with maximum capacity of 630 day-old chickens boxes, totalizing 63,000 animals. The day-old chicken transport truck (approximately 8 × 2.50 m, 2.50 m high) was environmentally controlled, with three box stacks (left, right and center) spaced 0.7 m. Air temperature, wind speed and humidity were controlled by sensors and electronic panel located in the truck cab. The set points for thermal conditions were: temperature between 23 and 25C and relative humidity between 60 and 70%. To characterize the environmental condition during transport, the following thermal variables were used: dry-bulb temperature, relative humidity and specific enthalpy, through data loggers (Onset, HOBO) programmed to record data at 10 minute intervals. Data was registered in two levels of the load (first rack and floor) where 17 data loggers were distributed throughout the truck. The experiment used a complet

O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.

Vibrations and mechanical shocks in different roads during the transport of day-old chickes / Vibrações e choques mecânicos em diferentes estradas durante o transporte de pintos de um dia

The vibration and mechanical shocks that occur during the transport of chicks may act as a stressor of birds. The quality of roads also has serious impacts on load, because most vehicles are not designed to reduce vibration felt by the animals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the transport of day-old chicks on different roads, through vibration and shock of the trucks.  The research was conducted in a poultry integrator company located at state of São Paulo, through the monitoring of 11 shipments of chicks. The day-old chicken transport truck (approximately 8 x 2.50 m, 2.50 m high) was environmentally controlled, with three box stacks (left, right and center) spaced 0.7 m and two axis, with a capacity of 630 boxes of chicks, totaling an average of 63,000 chicks. The vibration levels reviews RMS X (vertical vibration), RMS Z (horizontal vibration) and RSS (general acceleration) and shocks on the dirt and asphalt roads were recorded using three triaxial accelerometers. The experimental design was completely randomized in an 11 x 2 factorial. Difference in vibration levels between dirt roads and asphalt, for RMS X, RMS Z and RSS, with the highest means were observed on the dirt road (P 0.05). However there was no statistical difference between the roads to the RMS Y (Table 1). This event can be attributed to the large irregularities and holes in dirt track. Generally thes

ês.

Vibrations and mechanical shocks in different roads during the transport of day-old chickes / Vibrações e choques mecânicos em diferentes estradas durante o transporte de pintos de um dia

The vibration and mechanical shocks that occur during the transport of chicks may act as a stressor of birds. The quality of roads also has serious impacts on load, because most vehicles are not designed to reduce vibration felt by the animals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the transport of day-old chicks on different roads, through vibration and shock of the trucks.  The research was conducted in a poultry integrator company located at state of São Paulo, through the monitoring of 11 shipments of chicks. The day-old chicken transport truck (approximately 8 x 2.50 m, 2.50 m high) was environmentally controlled, with three box stacks (left, right and center) spaced 0.7 m and two axis, with a capacity of 630 boxes of chicks, totaling an average of 63,000 chicks. The vibration levels reviews RMS X (vertical vibration), RMS Z (horizontal vibration) and RSS (general acceleration) and shocks on the dirt and asphalt roads were recorded using three triaxial accelerometers. The experimental design was completely randomized in an 11 x 2 factorial. Difference in vibration levels between dirt roads and asphalt, for RMS X, RMS Z and RSS, with the highest means were observed on the dirt road (P 0.05). However there was no statistical difference between the roads to the RMS Y (Table 1). This event can be attributed to the large irregularities and holes in dirt track. Generally thes

ês.

Evaluation of thermal transport of day-old chicks / Avaliação térmica do transporte de pintos de um dia

The combining factors during initial handling might affect the broiler growth during the last week. Other factors might be considered, such as: fasting time, distance between hatchery and farm, vibration level, road quality, travel time, type of boxes and controlling environment inside the lorry. The aim of this work was to assess the thermal profile of truck with different levels of box placement during day-old chickens transport. An experiment was conducted through monitoring of 11 transport loads, with maximum capacity of 630 day-old chickens boxes, totalizing 63,000 animals. The day-old chicken transport truck (approximately 8 × 2.50 m, 2.50 m high) was environmentally controlled, with three box stacks (left, right and center) spaced 0.7 m. Air temperature, wind speed and humidity were controlled by sensors and electronic panel located in the truck cab. The set points for thermal conditions were: temperature between 23 and 25C and relative humidity between 60 and 70%. To characterize the environmental condition during transport, the following thermal variables were used: dry-bulb temperature, relative humidity and specific enthalpy, through data loggers (Onset, HOBO) programmed to record data at 10 minute intervals. Data was registered in two levels of the load (first rack and floor) where 17 data loggers were distributed throughout the truck. The experiment used a complet

O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.

Thermal stress related with mortality rates on broilers' preslaughter operations: a lairage time effect study

Concerning the reduction of preslaughter death losses, high temperature and relative humidity in the tropics are the major concerns regarding broiler survival prior slaughtering. However, the relationship between different lairage times under controlled environment and the thermal condition outside the holding area is still unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare different intervals of lairage time with different environmental temperature and relationship with poultry mortality rates. A study was conducted in a commercial poultry abattoir in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil, in the year of 2006. The historical data set from 13,937 trucks, about broiler mortality during preslaughter operations, was given by the abattoir. Factors that influence the welfare of birds were studied, such as lairage time in abattoir and hourly dry-bulb temperature. The statistical analysis was performed using the Double Generalized Linear Models. The lower incidence of death losses before arrival at the processing plant (approximately 13 dead birds per truck) was observed when the lairage time was between 1 to 3 hours, under high temperatures (above 22°C). This effect was more pronounced under critical (25-28°C) and lethal intervals (above 29°C) (12 and 13 dead birds per truck, respectively). In relation to lairage time, the reduction in mortality rates was more pronounced in the intervals up to 1 hour of lairage under climatized conditions, with a reduction of 3 dead birds per truck. It was concluded that thermal stress have negative influence for broilers welfare kept under preslaughter conditions and variations on mortality rate are strongly related with different lairage times.

No que diz respeito à redução das perdas por mortalidade pré-abate, as temperaturas e umidades relativas elevadas nos trópicos são as maiores preocupações quanto à sobrevivência de frangos de corte antes do abate. Entretanto, a relação entre diferentes tempos de espera em ambiente controlado e a condição térmica fora do galpão de espera ainda não está clara. Dessa forma, objetivou-se por meio deste trabalho comparar diferentes tempos de espera com diferentes temperaturas externas e a influência nas taxas de mortalidade de frangos de corte. O estudo foi conduzido em um abatedouro comercial de frangos de corte, situado no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, durante o ano de 2006. Dados históricos de mortalidade de aves durante as operações pré-abate foram obtidos no abatedouro, provenientes de 13.937 caminhões transportadores de frangos de corte. Fatores que influenciam o bem estar das aves foram estudados, dentre eles, o tempo de espera no abatedouro e a temperatura horária do ambiente externo. A análise estatística foi realizada por meio dos Modelos Lineares Generalizados Duplos. A baixa incidência de mortes antes da chegada à linha de abate foi observada (aproximadamente 13 aves mortas por caminhão) quando o tempo de espera esteve entre 1 e 3 horas, sob altas temperaturas (acima de 22°C). Esse efeito foi mais evidente nas faixas crítica (25-28°C) e letal (acima de 29°C) (12 e 13 aves mortas por caminhão, respectivamente). Com relação ao tempo de espera, a redução da mortalidade foi mais pronunciada em intervalos acima de uma hora de espera, sob condições de espera climatizada. Conclui-se que o estresse térmico possui influência negativa para o bem-estar de frangos mantidos sob condição pré-abate e variações na taxa de mortalidade são fortemente relacionadas aos diferentes tempos de espera.

Thermal stress related with mortality rates on broilers' preslaughter operations: a lairage time effect study

Concerning the reduction of preslaughter death losses, high temperature and relative humidity in the tropics are the major concerns regarding broiler survival prior slaughtering. However, the relationship between different lairage times under controlled environment and the thermal condition outside the holding area is still unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare different intervals of lairage time with different environmental temperature and relationship with poultry mortality rates. A study was conducted in a commercial poultry abattoir in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil, in the year of 2006. The historical data set from 13,937 trucks, about broiler mortality during preslaughter operations, was given by the abattoir. Factors that influence the welfare of birds were studied, such as lairage time in abattoir and hourly dry-bulb temperature. The statistical analysis was performed using the Double Generalized Linear Models. The lower incidence of death losses before arrival at the processing plant (approximately 13 dead birds per truck) was observed when the lairage time was between 1 to 3 hours, under high temperatures (above 22°C). This effect was more pronounced under critical (25-28°C) and lethal intervals (above 29°C) (12 and 13 dead birds per truck, respectively). In relation to lairage time, the reduction in mortality rates was more pronounced in the intervals up to 1 hour of lairage under climatized conditions, with a reduction of 3 dead birds per truck. It was concluded that thermal stress have negative influence for broilers welfare kept under preslaughter conditions and variations on mortality rate are strongly related with different lairage times.

No que diz respeito à redução das perdas por mortalidade pré-abate, as temperaturas e umidades relativas elevadas nos trópicos são as maiores preocupações quanto à sobrevivência de frangos de corte antes do abate. Entretanto, a relação entre diferentes tempos de espera em ambiente controlado e a condição térmica fora do galpão de espera ainda não está clara. Dessa forma, objetivou-se por meio deste trabalho comparar diferentes tempos de espera com diferentes temperaturas externas e a influência nas taxas de mortalidade de frangos de corte. O estudo foi conduzido em um abatedouro comercial de frangos de corte, situado no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, durante o ano de 2006. Dados históricos de mortalidade de aves durante as operações pré-abate foram obtidos no abatedouro, provenientes de 13.937 caminhões transportadores de frangos de corte. Fatores que influenciam o bem estar das aves foram estudados, dentre eles, o tempo de espera no abatedouro e a temperatura horária do ambiente externo. A análise estatística foi realizada por meio dos Modelos Lineares Generalizados Duplos. A baixa incidência de mortes antes da chegada à linha de abate foi observada (aproximadamente 13 aves mortas por caminhão) quando o tempo de espera esteve entre 1 e 3 horas, sob altas temperaturas (acima de 22°C). Esse efeito foi mais evidente nas faixas crítica (25-28°C) e letal (acima de 29°C) (12 e 13 aves mortas por caminhão, respectivamente). Com relação ao tempo de espera, a redução da mortalidade foi mais pronunciada em intervalos acima de uma hora de espera, sob condições de espera climatizada. Conclui-se que o estresse térmico possui influência negativa para o bem-estar de frangos mantidos sob condição pré-abate e variações na taxa de mortalidade são fortemente relacionadas aos diferentes tempos de espera.

Thermal stress related with mortality rates on broilers' preslaughter operations: a lairage time effect study

Concerning the reduction of preslaughter death losses, high temperature and relative humidity in the tropics are the major concerns regarding broiler survival prior slaughtering. However, the relationship between different lairage times under controlled environment and the thermal condition outside the holding area is still unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare different intervals of lairage time with different environmental temperature and relationship with poultry mortality rates. A study was conducted in a commercial poultry abattoir in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil, in the year of 2006. The historical data set from 13,937 trucks, about broiler mortality during preslaughter operations, was given by the abattoir. Factors that influence the welfare of birds were studied, such as lairage time in abattoir and hourly dry-bulb temperature. The statistical analysis was performed using the Double Generalized Linear Models. The lower incidence of death losses before arrival at the processing plant (approximately 13 dead birds per truck) was observed when the lairage time was between 1 to 3 hours, under high temperatures (above 22°C). This effect was more pronounced under critical (25-28°C) and lethal intervals (above 29°C) (12 and 13 dead birds per truck, respectively). In relation to lairage time, the reduction in mortality rates was more pronounced in the intervals up to 1 hour of lairage under climatized conditions, with a reduction of 3 dead birds per truck. It was concluded that thermal stress have negative influence for broilers welfare kept under preslaughter conditions and variations on mortality rate are strongly related with different lairage times.

No que diz respeito à redução das perdas por mortalidade pré-abate, as temperaturas e umidades relativas elevadas nos trópicos são as maiores preocupações quanto à sobrevivência de frangos de corte antes do abate. Entretanto, a relação entre diferentes tempos de espera em ambiente controlado e a condição térmica fora do galpão de espera ainda não está clara. Dessa forma, objetivou-se por meio deste trabalho comparar diferentes tempos de espera com diferentes temperaturas externas e a influência nas taxas de mortalidade de frangos de corte. O estudo foi conduzido em um abatedouro comercial de frangos de corte, situado no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, durante o ano de 2006. Dados históricos de mortalidade de aves durante as operações pré-abate foram obtidos no abatedouro, provenientes de 13.937 caminhões transportadores de frangos de corte. Fatores que influenciam o bem estar das aves foram estudados, dentre eles, o tempo de espera no abatedouro e a temperatura horária do ambiente externo. A análise estatística foi realizada por meio dos Modelos Lineares Generalizados Duplos. A baixa incidência de mortes antes da chegada à linha de abate foi observada (aproximadamente 13 aves mortas por caminhão) quando o tempo de espera esteve entre 1 e 3 horas, sob altas temperaturas (acima de 22°C). Esse efeito foi mais evidente nas faixas crítica (25-28°C) e letal (acima de 29°C) (12 e 13 aves mortas por caminhão, respectivamente). Com relação ao tempo de espera, a redução da mortalidade foi mais pronunciada em intervalos acima de uma hora de espera, sob condições de espera climatizada. Conclui-se que o estresse térmico possui influência negativa para o bem-estar de frangos mantidos sob condição pré-abate e variações na taxa de mortalidade são fortemente relacionadas aos diferentes tempos de espera.