Bone mineral density changes in lactating adolescent mothers during the first postpartum year.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to compare changes in whole body bone mineral density (wbBMD) during the first postpartum year in adolescent mothers with those of nulliparous adolescents. METHODS: The study included 21 adolescent mothers and 16 nulliparous adolescent non-indigenous Mexican women (State of Sonora) from a low income level. All mothers were assessed at 15 days (0.5 months), 3 months, and 6 months postpartum; 16 were measured at 12 months postpartum. Nulliparous adolescents were assessed in the same periods. Multiple regression models was used to assess adjusted associations of changes in wbBMD (by DPX-MD+ densitometer) with dietary calcium and physical activity assessments (estimated using pre-tested questionnaires), post menarche years, and number of breast feedings. RESULTS: At baseline, no differences were observed between nulliparous and adolescent mothers regarding age, post-menarche years, or BMD values. Changes in wbBMD of -0.56% and 0.77% were observed in mothers and nulliparous adolescents, respectively, after the first 3 months (P = 0.006). Changes in wbBMD in mothers were associated with number of breast feedings and changes in BMI. At 12 months postpartum, the BMD of adolescent mothers was similar to that of nulliparous adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: At 1 year postpartum, adolescent mothers exhibited BMD similar to those of nulliparous adolescents. This result is likely attributable to the breastfeeding practices adopted by mothers during late adolescence.

[Total content and dialyzable iron and zinc in foods from northern and Southern Mexico]. / Contenido total y disponibilidad in vitro de hierro y zinc en alimentos de mayor consumo en Sonora y Oaxaca, México.

Developing countries diets are based on a variety of plant foods that often are the main suppliers of important amounts of iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn). The objectives of this study were 1) to measure the total and dialyzable amounts of Fe and Zn in foods from Northern Mexico (Sonora) and from Southern Mexico (Oaxaca) and 2) to evaluate the effect of meat content of diets on the dialyzable amount of Fe and Zn. Methods to calculate the total dialyzable amount of Fe and Zn, were those of the AOAC and of Shen et al. Total Fe in e northern Mexican foods went from 0.78 +/- 0.0 to 11.59 +/- to 0.03 mg/ 100g (dry weight, DW); in southern Mexican foods the same micronutrient amounts were 0.86 +/- 0.18 to 8.8 +/- 0.57 mg/100 g (BS). Total Zn values were 0.91 +/- 0.00 to 13.58 +/- 0.05 mg/100 g (DW) in Sonora, and 0.64 +/- 0.18 to 20.80 +/- 0.33 mg/100 g (DW) in Oaxaca. In northern Mexico, foods dialyzable Fe had values from 0.1 +/- 0.04% to 10.6 +/- 0.36% and for Zn from 4.0 +/- 0.21% to 55.32 +/- 0.14%. Meanwhile, the range of values of dialyzable Fe for foods from Oaxaca were from 0.22 +/- 0.06% to 9.40 +/- 0.14% for and from 2.41 +/- 0.26% to 54.27 +/- 1.49% for dialyzable Zn. The average value for dialyzable Fe was higher in the foods that contained meat or meat products (p= 0.001).

Contenido total y disponibilidad in vitro de hierro y zinc en alimentos de mayor consumo en Sonora y Oaxaca México / Total content and dialyzable iron and zinc in foods from Northern and Southern Mexico

La dieta en países en vías de desarrollo está constituida por cereales y legumbres que si bien aportan cantidades importantes de hierro (Fe) y zinc (Zn), resultan ser minerales de baja disponibilidad. Los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron: 1) cuantificar el contenido total y dializable de Fe y Zn en alimentos del norte (Sonora) y del sur (Oaxaca) de México; 2) evaluar el efecto de la presencia de carne sobre los valores de Fe y Zn dializables. La cuantificación de Fe y Zn total y dializable se hizo por el método de la AOAC y de Shen et al, respectivamente. Los resultados obtenidos para Fe total en alimentos de Sonora presentaron un rango de 0.78±0.0 a 11.59±0.03 mg/100g (base seca, BS); y en los de Oaxaca de 0.86±0.18 a 8.8±0.57 mg/100g (BS). Para Zn total los valores variaron de 0.91±0.00 a 13.58±0.05 mg/100g (BS) en Sonora y de 0.64±0.18 a 20.80±0.33 mg/100 g (BS) en Oaxaca. En los alimentos de Sonora se tuvieron valores de 0.1±0.04 por ciento a 10.6±0.36 por ciento para Fe dializable y de 4.0±0.21 por ciento a 55.32±0.14 por ciento para Zn dializable. En los de Oaxaca el rango fue de 0.22±0.06 por ciento a 9.40±0.14 por ciento para Fe dializable y de 2.41±0.26 por ciento a 54.27±1.49 por ciento para Zn dializable. Se obtuvo un promedio mayor en el contenido de Fe dializable en los alimentos que contenían carne, respecto a los que no la contenían y entre el frijol pinto y las tortillas de maíz de Sonora respecto al frijol negro y tortillas de maíz rurales de Oaxaca. El contenido de Zn dializable no mostró diferencias significativas entre los alimentos de las dos regiones

[Ascorbic acid consumption and serum levels in smokers and non-smokers adult men in Hermosillo, Sonora, México]. / Consumo de ácido ascórbico y niveles séricos en hombres adultos fumadores y no fumadores de la CD. de Hermosillo, Sonora, México.

Ascorbic acid is one of the important antioxidant nutrients that can aid in the prevention of oxidative cellular damage. Adequate dietary intake is essential as humans can not synthesize this vitamin. It has been reported that smokers require higher dietary intakes to maintain their serum levels. The objective of this study was to determine serum levels of ascorbic acid in young male smokers and non smokers in the city of Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. In addition, their dietary intake of ascorbic acid was determined by a 24 h dietary recall. The dietary intake of ascorbic acid in 12 smokers was 64 +/- 11 mg/d and in 13 non smokers it was 70 +/- 12 mg/d. The smokers in this study did not meet the dietary recommendation of 100 mg/d. Serum ascorbic acid values in smokers and non smokers were 24.2 +/- 6.9 mumol/L and 30.9 +/- 3.7 mumol/L respectively. No significant difference was found among the 2 groups. Although the average serum ascorbic acid values fell within the range considered normal, 50% of the smokers had individual values that were below 23 mumol/L, indicating that these subjects have hipovitaminosis. A positive correlation between intake and serum levels was obtained for smokers (r = 0.71; p = 0.03). The results of this study suggest smokers may be at increased risk for chronic diseases due to their low intake and low serum levels of ascorbic acid.

Contenido y absorción del calcio proveniente de la dieta del noroeste de México: una retrospectiva bibliográfica / Content and absorption of calcium in diets of northwestern México: a look at the literature

El calcio es un mineral indispensable para el crecimiento y desarrollo del esqueleto y de los dientes en el hombre. Durante la edad adulta la actividad ósea se limita al mantenimiento de la masa esquelética para lo cual se requiere cubrir adecuadamente la ingestión de calcio. El objetivo de este escrito es realizar una retrospectiva de la información bibliográfica sobre contenido y biodisponibilidad de calcio proveniente de la dieta del Noroeste de México. Los trabajos dietarios mostraron que las cantidades de calcio (1164 mg) en las dietas del Noroeste de México cubren la recomendación de la RDA para adultos mayores de 25 años y que sus principales aportadores son las tortillas de maíz, las tortillas de harina de trigo y los frijoles. Los valores de disponibilidad de calcio de las dietas conteniendo esos alimentos aumentaron con tan solo agregar pequeñas cantidades de productos aportadores de calcio de origen animal. Esa diferencia en la disponibilidad del calcio se observó aún cuando uno de los estudios in vivo se realizó con un número mínimo de mujeres, por lo que podemos concluir que existe la necesidad de evaluar el efecto del calcio aportado por las dietas del Noroeste de México directamente en la población, considerando, además, otros factores que intervienen en el mantenimiento del esqueleto (ejercicio, edad, sexo, etc)