[Bibliometric map of Spain 1994-2002: biomedicine and health sciences]. / Mapa bibliométrico de España 1994-2002: biomedicina y ciencias de la salud.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The present study is a 1994-2002 update of the Spanish biomedical bibliometric map that follows other reports already published in Medicina Clinica concerning the previous periods 1986-1989 and 1990-1993. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The results are restricted to citable documents, items that were classified in 70 categories according to 1996 JCR. Bibliometric analysis was based on simple (number of documents and number of received citations) and composite indicators (international collaboration, or percent of non cited documents). RESULTS: Spain occupies the eleventh place in the world, and the seventh place among the European countries. Despite Spanish contribution to the world biomedical production is 2,4% it accounts for only 1,8% of the whole citations. Spanish health sector is responsible for nearly the half of the total biomedical output. The 24,8% of documents are published in international collaboration, a proportion that accumulates the 45,5% of biomedical citations received. Catalonia stands out for its clinical research profile, Madrid for its CSIC high density centres while Andalusia and Valencia for their activity from university sector. CONCLUSIONS: Although the sustained growth in the number of documents, the ratio of citations per document remains below the international average. Despite of the international publication is greater than the world average, it remains under the European countries average. The analysis of the geographical and centre documents distribution shows a similar structure of biomedical scientific system when compared to preceding analyses, nevertheless with better results.

Mapa bibliométrico de España 1994-2002: biomedicina y ciencias de la salud / Bibliometric map of Spain 1994-2002: biomedicine and health sciences

FUNDAMENTO Y OBJETIVO: Se presenta una actualización para el período 1994-2002 del mapa bibliométrico de biomedicina en España, tras las publicaciones en MEDICINA CLÍNICA de los períodos 1986-1989 y 1990-1993.MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Los resultados se circunscriben al subconjunto de documentos citables clasificados temáticamente en 70 disciplinas según el Journal Citation Reports (JCR) de 1996. El análisis bibliométrico se ha basado en indicadores simples (documentos y citas) y compuestos (como colaboración internacional o tanto por ciento de documentos no citados). RESULTADOS: España se sitúa en la decimoprimera posición mundial y en séptima posición dentro de sus homólogos europeos. La producción española supone el 2,4% del total de documentos biomédicos del mundo, aunque solamente el 1,8% de citas recibidas. Cerca de la mitad de todos los documentos van con firma del sector sanitario. El 24,8% de los documentos se firma en colaboración internacional, proporción que acumula el 45,5% de todas las citas. La Comunidad Autónoma de Cataluña destaca por su perfil de investigación clínica; la de Madrid, por su alta densidad de centros del CSIC, y la de Andalucía y la Valenciana, por los documentos procedentes del sector universitario. CONCLUSIONES: Aunque el crecimiento en publicaciones es sostenido, la media de citas recibidas por documento aún no alcanza la media internacional. A pesar de que la internacionalización de las publicaciones ha superado la media mundial, sigue por debajo de la mayoría de países europeos. El análisis de perfiles territoriales y de centros refleja una estructura del sistema científico biomédico español similar a la de los análisis precedentes, aunque con mejores resultados

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The present study is a 1994-2002 update of the Spanish biomedical bibliometric map that follows other reports already published in MEDICINA CLÍNICA concerning the previous periods 1986-1989 and 1990-1993. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The results are restricted to citable documents, items that were classified in 70 categories according to 1996 JCR. Bibliometric analysis was based on simple (number of documents and number of received citations) and composite indicators (international collaboration, or percent of non cited documents). RESULTS: Spain occupies the eleventh place in the world, and the seventh place among the European countries. Despite Spanish contribution to the world biomedical production is 2,4% it accounts for only 1,8% of the whole citations. Spanish health sector is responsible for nearly the half of the total biomedical output. The 24,8% of documents are published in international collaboration, a proportion that accumulates the 45,5% of biomedical citations received. Catalonia stands out for its clinical research profile, Madrid for its CSIC high density centres while Andalusia and Valencia for their activity from university sector. CONCLUSIONS: Although the sustained growth in the number of documents, the ratio of citations per document remains below the international average. Despite of the international publication is greater than the world average, it remains under the European countries average. The analysis of the geographical and centre documents distribution shows a similar structure of biomedical scientific system when compared to preceding analyses, nevertheless with better results

In vitro susceptibility of Cryptococcus neoformans isolates to five antifungal drugs using a colorimetric system and the reference microbroth method.

Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of amphotericin B, 5-flucytosine, fluconazole, itraconazole and ketoconazole were determined against 42 clinical isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans using the Alamar YeastOne colorimetric method and the NCCLS reference microdilution method. No strains with resistance to amphotericin B, itraconazole or ketoconazole were detected with either method. Using the reference method, the MICs of fluconazole were >/= 64 mg/L, whereas using the colorimetric method all MICs were >/=16 mg/L. The MIC values of 5-flucytosine were also higher using the reference method (8-16 mg/L for 32% of isolates) compared with the colorimetric method. The percentage of agreement between the methods, using a difference of two dilutions, was 70.7% for itraconazole, 73.2% for amphotericin B, 80% for fluconazole, 88% for 5-flucytosine and 95% for ketoconazole. Overall, we conclude that for fluconazole and 5-flucytosine, in a low but not insignificant number of isolates, results with the two methods are discordant, some isolates being found sensitive with the colorimetric test, but resistant with the reference method.