[Media Abstinence is the Onset of Media Literacy]. / Medienkompetenz beginnt mit Medienabstinenz.

In the Corona Pandemic, the use of digital media in schools and kindergartens is presented as having no alternative.The developmental conditions of children are changing rapidly. However, the developmental steps and tasks remain the same. Young children in particular need diverse and comprehensive sensory experiences and supportive and protective relationships. Early consumption of digital screen media has a negative impact on child development and is reflected, for example, in language development delays, attention problems, lack of exercise, obesity and less time for free play. Early digitization in schools does not lead to better learning outcomes. Distractions and concentration difficulties increase, while handwritten material is better remembered. Learning always takes place in interpersonal relationships, especially for younger children. Fake and truth are close to each other and a solid basic education and the understanding and evaluation of contexts are a prerequisite for a meaningful and purposeful use of search engines. What is our goal as a society? Is it the functioning, well-adapted user? Today's technology is not tomorrow's.We need to prepare children for a constantly changing world. Or is the goal a free, creative and responsible human being who shapes change humanely and responsibly for future generations as well? Are there prerequisites for self-determined use of digital technology?Media competence begins withmedia abstinence. Young children need good relationships, diverse sensory experiences, bodily movement and enthusiasm for life. In secondary school, this is followed by meaningful media education. In addition to teaching programming skills, it is important to make young people aware of how to deal with privacy and cyberbullying, how to recognize reliable sources, how to distinguish fake from truth, and how to understand the businessmodels ofmany internet companies. "If you are not paying anything, you are not the customer, but the product sold". It remains important that people need people.

Temperature-dependent phase evolution of copper-oxide thin-films on Au(111).

The formation of ultrathin copper oxide layers on an Au(111) surface is explored with scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory. Depending on the thermal treatment of as-grown Cu-O samples, a variety of thin-film morphologies is observed. Whereas 1D oxide stripes with Au[112[combining macron]] and Au[11[combining macron]0] orientation emerge at 450 and 550 K annealing, respectively, a planar (2 × 2) Cu-O network with specific domain structure develops at higher temperature. The latter is ascribed to a Cu3O2 honeycomb lattice with oxygen ions alternatingly located in surface and interface positions. Strain minimization and a thermodynamic preference for Cu-rich edges lead to the formation of structurally well-defined boundaries, delimiting either triangular, elongated or stripe-like Cu3O2 domains. The low-temperature phases compirse complex arrangements of hexagonal and square Cu-O units, similar to those found in Cu2O(111) and (100) surfaces, respectively. The transitions between different thin-film phases are driven by Cu dissolution in the gold crystal and O2 evaporation and therefore accompanied by a thinning of the oxide layer with increasing temperature.

A General Pediatrics and Integrative Medicine Approach to Pervasive Refusal Syndrome: A Case Report.

INTRODUCTION: Pervasive refusal syndrome (PRS) describes children with social withdrawal who become unable to walk, eat, or care for themselves. This case report examines whether an integrative medicine approach is useful for treating PRS. CASE PRESENTATION: A seven-year-old girl with symptoms most consistent with PRS and depression was admitted to a pediatric ward in Germany that integrates conventional pediatric and psychosomatic care with anthroposophic medicine. She was integrated into the structured activities of the ward and received massages, movement therapy, and color light therapy. Her parents were fully integrated into her care. After four weeks, she talked again, showed increased appetite, and supported herself when moved passively. She made a full recovery within four weeks after hospital discharge. DISCUSSION: Integration of parents and an integrative medicine approach providing a variety of comforting sensory experiences was helpful for this patient with PRS.

Self-mode-locking semiconductor disk laser.

The development of mode-locked semiconductor disk lasers received striking attention in the last 14 years and there is still a vast potential of such pulsed lasers to be explored and exploited. While for more than one decade pulsed operation was strongly linked to the employment of a saturable absorber, self-mode-locking emerged recently as an effective and novel technique in this field - giving prospect to a reduced complexity and improved cost-efficiency of such lasers. In this work, we highlight recent achievements regarding self-mode-locked semiconductor devices. It is worth to note, that although nonlinear effects in the active medium are expected to give rise to self-mode-locking, this has to be investigated with care in future experiments. However, there is a controversy whether results presented with respect to self-mode-locking truly show mode-locking. Such concerns are addressed in this work and we provide a clear evidence of mode-locking in a saturable-absorber-free device. By using a BBO crystal outside the cavity, green light originating from second-harmonic generation using the out-coupled laser beam is demonstrated. In addition, long-time-span pulse trains as well as radiofrequency-spectra measurements are presented for our sub-ps pulses at 500 MHz repetition rate which indicate the stable pulse operation of our device. Furthermore, a long-time-span autocorrelation trace is introduced which clearly shows absence of a pedestal or double pulses. Eventually, a beam-profile measurement reveals the excellent beam quality of our device with an M-square factor of less than 1.1 for both axes, showing that self-mode-locking can be achieved for the fundamental transverse mode.

Self-mode-locked quantum-dot vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting laser.

We present the first self-mode-locked optically pumped quantum-dot semiconductor disk laser. Our mode-locked device emits sub-picosecond pulses at a wavelength of 1040 nm and features a record peak power of 460 W at a repetition rate of 1.5 GHz. In this work, we also investigate the temperature dependence of the pulse duration as well as the time-bandwidth product for stable mode locking.

A 23-watt single-frequency vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting laser.

We report on a single-frequency semiconductor disk laser which generates 23.6 W output power in continuous wave operation, at a wavelength of 1013 nm. The high output power is a result of optimizing the chip design, thermal management and the cavity configuration. By applying passive stabilization techniques, the free-running linewidth is measured to be 407 kHz for a sampling time of 1 ms, while undercutting 100 kHz in the microsecond domain.

[Group therapy and adolescence]. / Gruppentherapie im Jugendalter.

The problematic of young patients who look for help within an in- or outpatient framework often expresses itself primarily in inter-human inter-actional parameters. The difficulties in interpersonal behaviour within the framework of an inpatient setting or an outpatient group become, relatively quickly, obvious. Problematic behaviour is then no longer only told life stories but, in the actual relationship, liveable and therefore changeable. The Group corresponds to a social micro-cosmos. A part of the group represents the whole of the social life experience of the patient. Within the here and now of the group attitude can be experienced, understood and changed. The indispensable condition for a successful therapy within the group, is a stable and supportable therapeutic relationship. The quality of the relationship develops independently from the therapeutic direction and is dependent on the attitude and approach of the therapist. No technical consideration is more important then the attitude, approach and method used in building the relationship. Furthermore it is decisive that the patient feels sufficient protection und understanding from the therapist. The focusing of interpersonal processes and changes is also necessary at the start of both psychoanalytic orientated and behaviour therapy.