RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated dermatological disease associated with substantial economic, clinical, and humanistic burden. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to understand the disutility of patients with psoriasis vulgaris, using mean baseline EuroQoL five dimensions (EQ-5D) index scores reported in the published literature, and to compare this to patients with other chronic diseases. METHODS: Two systematic literature searches were conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Searches were conducted in ten databases including Embase, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). The first search (December 2013) used search terms psoria* AND (EQ5D OR EQ OR EUROQoL). Only publications of original research, which reported baseline EQ-5D scores for mild/moderate/severe psoriasis, were included. The second search (March 2014) used the terms (systematic review) AND (EQ5D OR EQ 5D OR EuroQoL). Titles were screened by two independent reviewers. Four independent reviewers reviewed titles and full-length papers. EQ-5D scores for psoriasis patients were qualitatively compared with scores from patients with other chronic diseases identified through the literature search. RESULTS: Of 133 publications on psoriasis, 12 met the inclusion criteria. The mean EQ-5D index scores for psoriasis (all severities) ranged from 0.52 (standard deviation: 0.39) to 0.9 (standard deviation: 0.1). Of the 48 results from the second search, six met the inclusion criteria. The reported EQ-5D lower limit for other diseases ranged from 0.20 (Type 2 diabetes mellitus) to 0.66 (liver diseases). The highest EQ-5D estimates for other diseases ranged from 0.79 (liver diseases) to 0.93 (cancer patients). Both lower and upper EQ-5D estimates in psoriasis patients were within the range of those reported for other chronic diseases. CONCLUSION: Comparative studies of morbidity are relevant in health care studies and patient advocacy. This systematic review demonstrates that the ranges of disutility among psoriasis patients are within the ranges of other chronic diseases (cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, end-stage renal diseases, liver diseases, cancer, and visual disorders).
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: More than 100,000 patients each year in Denmark experience nosocomial infections, erroneous medication, or pressure ulcers while hospitalized. The Danish Safer Hospital Program includes 12 bundles for improving patient safety through the introduction and maintenance of evidence-based routine treatment or standard procedures. OBJECTIVE: To determine cost-effectiveness of implementing the Ventilator bundle (VB), thereby reducing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), when treating a ventilated patient, compared to standard procedure. SETTING AND PATIENTS: A hypothetical population of intensive care patients in a Danish ICU, ventilated for >48 h. METHODS: Cost-effectiveness analysis of the implementation of VB. The outcomes were prevention of VAP and prevention of death. Model inputs were evidence based from literature along with data from Kolding Hospital. A hypothetical population of intensive care patients in a Danish ICU, ventilated for >48 h was used. RESULTS: The cost per VAP episode prevented was â¼4451, and cost per death prevented was â¼31,792. The incremental cost-effectiveness scatter plot showed that VB was more effective in 99.9%, and 42.6% have lower cost and better outcome for prevention of VAP. The incremental cost-effectiveness scatter plot showed that VB was more effective in 85.9%, and 31.6% have lower cost and better outcome for death prevented. LIMITATIONS: The study was a retrospective cost analysis where incidence rates were based on best evidence, even if it did not cover all elements in the VB. The perspective of this study was seen from a third-party payer, e.g., the hospital, thus societal costs and direct medical costs post-hospitalization for patients with VAP were not considered. CONCLUSION: We found that implementation of VB is potentially cost-effective when considering prevention of one case of VAP or death, based on a Danish ICU as a case study.
