Effect of imunocastration on scrotal circumference and sperm productions of Nellore bulls / Efeito da imunocastração sobre o perímetro escrotal e a produção espermática em touros da raça nelore

Bopriva® exerts anti-gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) activity and is used for immunocastration of cattle. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of Bopriva® on scrotal circumference and sperm production and quality of Nellore bulls. Five Nellore bulls (Bos taurus indicus), aged 12 months, received two doses of Bopriva® at an interval of 30 days, with each dose of 1 mL/animal containing 400 μg of the product. At 2-weeks intervals, scrotal circumference was measured and semen was collected by electroejaculation (seven samplings) and submitted to physical and morphological analysis. Scrotal circumference significantly decreased after the 4th sampling (P=0.0056) and sperm motility ranged from 20% to 66% (mean of 39%), sperm vigor from 1.0 to 2.8 (mean of 1.74), and sperm concentration from 87.8 to 296.2 million spermatozoa per mL (mean of 242.9 million). The percentage of total sperm defects ranged from 36% to 75.6% (mean of 49.51%), with a high incidence of cytoplasmic droplets, bent tails and detached heads. Bopriva® reduces scrotal circumference and interferes with semen quality in Nellore animals, reducing sperm motility and increasing the percentage of sperm abnormalities in the ejaculate.(AU)

O medicamento Bopriva® tem ação anti-GnRH (GnRH - hormônio liberador das gonadotrofinas) e é utilizado na imunocastração de bovinos. Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito do medicamento Bopriva® no perímetro escrotal e na produção e qualidade dos espermatozoides de touros de raça Nelore. Foram utilizados cinco animais da raça Nelore (Bos taurus indicus), com12 meses de idade, que receberam duas doses de Bopriva® com intervalo de 30 dias, sendo cada dose de 1 mL/animal com 400 μg do produto. Foram realizadas, quinzenalmente, a medida do perímetro escrotal e coleta de sêmen pelo método de eletroejaculação (sete coletas), sendo o sêmen analisado física e morfologicamente. O perímetro escrotal reduziu a partir da 4ª coleta de forma significativa (P=0,0056), a motilidade espermática variou de 20% a 66% (média de 39%), o vigor de 1,0 a 2,8 (média de 1,74), a concentração de 87,8 a 296,2 milhões deespermatozóide por mL (média de 242,9 milhões) e os defeitos totais de 36% a 75,6% (média de 49,51%) com alta incidência de gotas citoplasmáticas, caudas enroladas e cabeças isoladas. Omedicamento Bopriva®causa redução do perímetro escrotal e interfere na qualidade do sêmen dos animais da raça Nelore, reduzindo a motilidade do sêmen e elevando a porcentagem de anormalidades espermáticas totais do ejaculado.(AU)

Effect of imunocastration on scrotal circumference and sperm productions of Nellore bulls / Efeito da imunocastração sobre o perímetro escrotal e a produção espermática em touros da raça nelore

Bopriva® exerts anti-gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) activity and is used for immunocastration of cattle. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of Bopriva® on scrotal circumference and sperm production and quality of Nellore bulls. Five Nellore bulls (Bos taurus indicus), aged 12 months, received two doses of Bopriva® at an interval of 30 days, with each dose of 1 mL/animal containing 400 μg of the product. At 2-weeks intervals, scrotal circumference was measured and semen was collected by electroejaculation (seven samplings) and submitted to physical and morphological analysis. Scrotal circumference significantly decreased after the 4th sampling (P=0.0056) and sperm motility ranged from 20% to 66% (mean of 39%), sperm vigor from 1.0 to 2.8 (mean of 1.74), and sperm concentration from 87.8 to 296.2 million spermatozoa per mL (mean of 242.9 million). The percentage of total sperm defects ranged from 36% to 75.6% (mean of 49.51%), with a high incidence of cytoplasmic droplets, bent tails and detached heads. Bopriva® reduces scrotal circumference and interferes with semen quality in Nellore animals, reducing sperm motility and increasing the percentage of sperm abnormalities in the ejaculate.

O medicamento Bopriva® tem ação anti-GnRH (GnRH - hormônio liberador das gonadotrofinas) e é utilizado na imunocastração de bovinos. Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito do medicamento Bopriva® no perímetro escrotal e na produção e qualidade dos espermatozoides de touros de raça Nelore. Foram utilizados cinco animais da raça Nelore (Bos taurus indicus), com12 meses de idade, que receberam duas doses de Bopriva® com intervalo de 30 dias, sendo cada dose de 1 mL/animal com 400 μg do produto. Foram realizadas, quinzenalmente, a medida do perímetro escrotal e coleta de sêmen pelo método de eletroejaculação (sete coletas), sendo o sêmen analisado física e morfologicamente. O perímetro escrotal reduziu a partir da 4ª coleta de forma significativa (P=0,0056), a motilidade espermática variou de 20% a 66% (média de 39%), o vigor de 1,0 a 2,8 (média de 1,74), a concentração de 87,8 a 296,2 milhões deespermatozóide por mL (média de 242,9 milhões) e os defeitos totais de 36% a 75,6% (média de 49,51%) com alta incidência de gotas citoplasmáticas, caudas enroladas e cabeças isoladas. Omedicamento Bopriva®causa redução do perímetro escrotal e interfere na qualidade do sêmen dos animais da raça Nelore, reduzindo a motilidade do sêmen e elevando a porcentagem de anormalidades espermáticas totais do ejaculado.

Fentanyl and methadone used as adjuncts to bupivacaine for lumbosacral epidural analgesia in sheep.

Six healthy, female, mixed-breed 18-24-month-old sheep weighing 30-48 kg were submitted to lumbosacral epidural bupivacaine in combination with either methadone or fentanyl. Epidural catheters were placed in six sheep that were given three treatments: (Bup) bupivacaine (0.5 mg/kg) alone; (BupMet) bupivacaine (0.25 mg/kg) plus methadone (0.3 mg/kg); and (BupFent) bupivacaine (0.25 mg/kg) plus fentanyl (0.002 mg/kg). Haemodynamic variables, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, analgesia by applying a standard painful stimulus, motor block and sedative scores were compared among the three treatments. These parameters were determined before epidural administration and at 5, 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120 minutes after treatment administration, and then every 60 minutes thereafter until the end of analgesic effect. Parametrical data were analysed by proc glimmix (SAS) for repeated measures on time and means tested by ls-means. Non-parametrical data were analysed by Fisher's exact test. Duration of analgesia was longer with BupMet (240 minutes) compared with BupFent (180 minutes; P=0.0127), but BupMet was similar to Bup (240 minutes). Both treatments with opioids produced moderate motor blockade. BupMet and BupFent produced mild sedation. Only treatment with bupivacaine alone induced cardiovascular and respiratory rate changes that stayed within acceptable limits.

Concentração de lactato, peso corporal e qualidade da carne em bovinos Nelore terminados em confinamento / Lactate concentration, body weight and meat quality in nelore cattle feedlot finished

Este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de determinar a concentração de lactato sanguíneo durante o período de confinamento e após o abate, e verificar sua influência em peso corporal e características de qualidade da carne de bovinos Nelore terminados em confinamento. Foram utilizados 90 animais machos não castrados da raça Nelore, com peso médio inicial de 390 ± 37 kg e idade próxima de 24 meses. A concentração de lactato no sangue foi medida por espectrofotometria nos dias 1 (Lac01), 14 (Lac14), 27 (Lac27) e 69 (Lac69) do período de confinamento e imediatamente após o abate (Lac96). Foram coletadas amostras de carne in natura do músculo Longissimus thoracis para determinação de luminosidade, intensidade de coloração vermelha (a*) e amarela (b*), força de cisalhamento e pH da carne sem maturação e com maturação de sete dias. As concentrações de lactato foram analisadas pelo PROC MIXED do programa SAS, considerando no modelo os efeitos de baia e dia da coleta da amostra de sangue. Correlações simples entre as variáveis estudadas foram estimadas utilizando-se o procedimento CORR do programa SAS. O lactato se manteve estável durante o período do confinamento, com médias iguais a 4,83 ± 0,30 mMol/L; 5,68 ± 0,29 mMol/L; 5,03 ± 0,29 mMol/L e 4,15 ± 0,31 mMol/L para Lac01, Lac14, Lac27 e Lac69, respectivamente. A maior média da concentração de lactato foi obtida no dia do abate (Lac96: 10,77 ± 0,27 mMol/L). Foi detectada associação significativa entre os parâmetros de cor a* e b* da carne não maturada e a concentração de lactato no dia do abate (Lac96). Não há associação entre a concentração sanguínea de lactato no dia do abate e o peso corporal de animais Nelore terminados em confinamento..(AU)

The objective of this study was to determine blood lactate concentration during the finishing period and after slaughter and to verify its influence on body weight and meat quality traits of Nellore bulls feedlot finished. Ninety Nellore males were used, with a mean initial body weight of 390 ± 37 kg and age of 24 months. Lactate concentration in the blood was measured by spectrophotometry on days 1 (Lac01), 14 (Lac14), 27 (Lac27) and 69 (Lac69) of the feedlot period and immediately after slaughter (Lac96). Fresh meat samples were collected from the Longissimus thoracis muscle for determination of luminosity, red (a *) and yellow (b *) intensity, shear force and pH of unaged meat and aged for seven days. Lactate concentrations were analyzed by the PROC MIXED of the SAS program, considering in the model the effects of pen and day of blood samples collection. Simple correlations between the studied variables were estimated using the procedure CORR of the program SAS. The lactate was stable during the confinement period, with mean values equal to 4.83 ± 0.30 mMol/L; 5.68 ± 0.29 mMol/L; 5.03 ± 0.29 mMol/L and 4.15 ± 0.31 mMol/L for Lac01, Lac14, Lac27 and Lac69, respectively. The highest mean lactate concentration was obtained on the day of slaughter (Lac96: 10.77 ± 0.27 mMol/L). Significant association was detected between a * and b * color parameters of the unaged meat and the lactate concentration at the day of slaughter (Lac96). There is no association between blood lactate concentration at the day of slaughter and body weight of Nellore animals feedlot finished. Blood lactate concentration on the day of slaughter is associated with the coloring of the meat and is independent of other measures of meat quality in Nellore animals feedlot finished...(AU)

Concentração de lactato, peso corporal e qualidade da carne em bovinos Nelore terminados em confinamento / Lactate concentration, body weight and meat quality in nelore cattle feedlot finished

Este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de determinar a concentração de lactato sanguíneo durante o período de confinamento e após o abate, e verificar sua influência em peso corporal e características de qualidade da carne de bovinos Nelore terminados em confinamento. Foram utilizados 90 animais machos não castrados da raça Nelore, com peso médio inicial de 390 ± 37 kg e idade próxima de 24 meses. A concentração de lactato no sangue foi medida por espectrofotometria nos dias 1 (Lac01), 14 (Lac14), 27 (Lac27) e 69 (Lac69) do período de confinamento e imediatamente após o abate (Lac96). Foram coletadas amostras de carne in natura do músculo Longissimus thoracis para determinação de luminosidade, intensidade de coloração vermelha (a*) e amarela (b*), força de cisalhamento e pH da carne sem maturação e com maturação de sete dias. As concentrações de lactato foram analisadas pelo PROC MIXED do programa SAS, considerando no modelo os efeitos de baia e dia da coleta da amostra de sangue. Correlações simples entre as variáveis estudadas foram estimadas utilizando-se o procedimento CORR do programa SAS. O lactato se manteve estável durante o período do confinamento, com médias iguais a 4,83 ± 0,30 mMol/L; 5,68 ± 0,29 mMol/L; 5,03 ± 0,29 mMol/L e 4,15 ± 0,31 mMol/L para Lac01, Lac14, Lac27 e Lac69, respectivamente. A maior média da concentração de lactato foi obtida no dia do abate (Lac96: 10,77 ± 0,27 mMol/L). Foi detectada associação significativa entre os parâmetros de cor a* e b* da carne não maturada e a concentração de lactato no dia do abate (Lac96). Não há associação entre a concentração sanguínea de lactato no dia do abate e o peso corporal de animais Nelore terminados em confinamento..

The objective of this study was to determine blood lactate concentration during the finishing period and after slaughter and to verify its influence on body weight and meat quality traits of Nellore bulls feedlot finished. Ninety Nellore males were used, with a mean initial body weight of 390 ± 37 kg and age of 24 months. Lactate concentration in the blood was measured by spectrophotometry on days 1 (Lac01), 14 (Lac14), 27 (Lac27) and 69 (Lac69) of the feedlot period and immediately after slaughter (Lac96). Fresh meat samples were collected from the Longissimus thoracis muscle for determination of luminosity, red (a *) and yellow (b *) intensity, shear force and pH of unaged meat and aged for seven days. Lactate concentrations were analyzed by the PROC MIXED of the SAS program, considering in the model the effects of pen and day of blood samples collection. Simple correlations between the studied variables were estimated using the procedure CORR of the program SAS. The lactate was stable during the confinement period, with mean values equal to 4.83 ± 0.30 mMol/L; 5.68 ± 0.29 mMol/L; 5.03 ± 0.29 mMol/L and 4.15 ± 0.31 mMol/L for Lac01, Lac14, Lac27 and Lac69, respectively. The highest mean lactate concentration was obtained on the day of slaughter (Lac96: 10.77 ± 0.27 mMol/L). Significant association was detected between a * and b * color parameters of the unaged meat and the lactate concentration at the day of slaughter (Lac96). There is no association between blood lactate concentration at the day of slaughter and body weight of Nellore animals feedlot finished. Blood lactate concentration on the day of slaughter is associated with the coloring of the meat and is independent of other measures of meat quality in Nellore animals feedlot finished...

Plasma antimullerian hormone as a predictor of ovarian antral follicular population in Bos indicus (Nelore) and Bos taurus (Holstein) heifers.

In Bos taurus cattle, antimullerian hormone (AMH) has been demonstrated to have a high degree of correlation with ovarian antral follicle count and the number of healthy follicles and oocytes. To document the correlation between the plasma concentration of AMH and follicular number in Bos indicus and Bos taurus heifers, Nelore (Bos indicus, n = 16) and Holstein heifers (Bos taurus, n = 16) had their ovarian follicular waves synchronized. After synchronization, ovarian antral follicular population (AFP) was evaluated three times at 60-day (d) intervals (T-120 d, 120 days before plasma AMH determination; T-60 d, 60 days before; and T0, at the time of plasma AMH determination). The plasma AMH concentration was positively correlated with the number of ovarian follicles on the day of the follicular wave emergence in Bos indicus (Nelore) and Bos taurus (Holstein) heifers at each evaluation time (p < 0.05). The AFP was higher in Bos indicus (Nelore) than in Bos taurus (Holstein) heifers (p < 0.05). Similarly, the AMH concentration was higher in Bos indicus (Nelore) than in Bos taurus (Holstein) heifers (p < 0.0001). When heifers were classified as to present high or low AFP according to the mean of the AFP within each genetic group, high-AFP heifers presented a greater (p < 0.0001) AMH concentration than low-AFP heifers, regardless of the genetic group. In conclusion, the AFP is positively correlated with plasma AMH concentration in both Bos indicus (Nelore) and Bos taurus (Holstein) heifers. Furthermore, Bos indicus (Nelore) heifers presented both greater plasma AMH concentrations and AFP than Bos taurus (Holstein) heifers.

O estresse por calor diminui a fertilidade de fêmeas bovinas por afetar o esenvolvimento oocitário e o embrionário / Heat stress disrupts fertility of bovine females affecting the oocyte and embryo development

Para tentar minimizar as perdas provocadas pelo estresse por calor, os bovinos, principalmente oszebuínos que foram selecionados em clima tropical, conseguiram desenvolver mecanismos de tolerância aocalor. Entretanto, o desempenho reprodutivo de bovinos, principalmente de taurinos, é severamente afetado pelocalor dos meses quentes do ano. Desta forma, considerando que a diminuição da fertilidade devido ao estressepor calor constitui um problema multifatorial, esta revisão tem por objetivo compreender como e quando oestresse por calor afeta o desenvolvimento oocitário e o embrionário, a fim de desenvolver estratégias potenciaisque aumentem a fertilidade de rebanhos bovinos sob estresse por calor.(AU)

Bovines developed in tropical areas acquired genes that determine thermotolerance allowing theseanimals to reach success in reproductive performance. However, fertility, mainly in Bos taurus, is severelyaffected by heat stress in the hot months of the year. Thus, considering that the deleterious effect of heat stress isa multifactorial problem, this review aims to present the relevant and recent information to obtain a betterunderstanding of how and when heat stress affects the embryonic development, offering a basis for thedevelopment of potential strategies to increase fertility in a hot environment.(AU)

O estresse por calor diminui a fertilidade de fêmeas bovinas por afetar o esenvolvimento oocitário e o embrionário / Heat stress disrupts fertility of bovine females affecting the oocyte and embryo development

Para tentar minimizar as perdas provocadas pelo estresse por calor, os bovinos, principalmente oszebuínos que foram selecionados em clima tropical, conseguiram desenvolver mecanismos de tolerância aocalor. Entretanto, o desempenho reprodutivo de bovinos, principalmente de taurinos, é severamente afetado pelocalor dos meses quentes do ano. Desta forma, considerando que a diminuição da fertilidade devido ao estressepor calor constitui um problema multifatorial, esta revisão tem por objetivo compreender como e quando oestresse por calor afeta o desenvolvimento oocitário e o embrionário, a fim de desenvolver estratégias potenciaisque aumentem a fertilidade de rebanhos bovinos sob estresse por calor.

Bovines developed in tropical areas acquired genes that determine thermotolerance allowing theseanimals to reach success in reproductive performance. However, fertility, mainly in Bos taurus, is severelyaffected by heat stress in the hot months of the year. Thus, considering that the deleterious effect of heat stress isa multifactorial problem, this review aims to present the relevant and recent information to obtain a betterunderstanding of how and when heat stress affects the embryonic development, offering a basis for thedevelopment of potential strategies to increase fertility in a hot environment.

Timed artificial insemination should be performed early when used norgestomet ear implants are applied for synchronizing ovulation in beef heifers.

The present study evaluated the effect of the type of norgestomet ear implant (new vs. used) on the ovarian follicular response (experiment 1) and pregnancy per artificial insemination (AI) (P/AI; experiment 2) of beef heifers subjected to an estradiol plus progestin timed artificial insemination (TAI) program. In experiment 1, 57 cyclic beef heifers were randomly assigned to one of two groups according to the type (new or previously used for 9 days) of norgestomet ear (NORG) implant. At the time of NORG implant insertion, the heifers were treated with 2 mg of intramuscular estradiol benzoate. Eight days later, the NORG implants were removed, and the heifers received an intramuscular administration of 150 µg of d-cloprostenol, 300 IU of equine chorionic gonadotropin, and 0.5 mg of estradiol cypionate. The heifers had their ovaries scanned every 12 hours from the time of NORG implant removal to 96 hours after verifying the occurrence and timing of ovulation. No difference (P = 0.89) was observed in the ovulation rates between the two treatments (new = 80.0%; 24/30 vs. used = 81.5%; 22/27). However, the heifers treated with a used NORG implant had (P = 0.04) higher proportion (36.4%; 8/22) of early ovulation (between 36 and 48 hours after NORG implant removal) compared with the heifers treated with a new NORG implant (8.3%; 2/24). In experiment 2, at the beginning of the synchronization protocol, 416 beef heifers were randomly assigned into two groups, as described in the experiment 1. Two days after the NORG implant removal, the heifers were reassigned to be inseminated at 48 or 54 hours after NORG implant removal. There was an interaction (P = 0.03) between the type of NORG implant and the timing of TAI on P/AI. The timing of insemination only had an effect (P = 0.02) on the P/AI when the heifers were treated with a used NORG implant [(TAI 54 hours = 41.9% (44/105) vs. TAI 48 hours = 58.6% (58/99)]. In conclusion, beef heifers synchronized with a used NORG implant plus estradiol exhibited a higher proportion of earlier ovulations, and TAI in these heifers should be performed 48 hours after removal of used NORG implants.

The effect of individualized homeopathic treatment on the semen quality of bulls with reproductive disorders: a case series.

BACKGROUND: Poor semen quality of pedigree bulls has major economic implications in cattle breeding. AIMS: To evaluate the effect of homeopathy on the semen of bulls with reproductive disorders. METHODS: The behavioral, clinical and spermatic characteristics of four Nelore bulls were evaluated. The bulls received individualized homeopathic treatment mixed into the feed and administered once per day. Semen was collected using an artificial vagina. Successful collection, freezing, effective doses, and the number of doses of semen per collection were compared before and after homeopathic treatment. RESULTS: The bulls were treated with Sulphur, Phosphorus, Lycopodium and Argentum nitricum all in 30CH dilution. The rates of successful collection were 97.14%, 100%, 96.67% and 30.77% pretreatment and 95.45%, 100%, 94.67% and 96.77% at post-treatment for bulls A, B, C and D, respectively. The average number of doses per ejaculate pre and post-treatment were 102.67 (SD 74.41) vs. 300.08 (SD 180.58), 0 vs. 234.78 (SD 96.12), 0 vs. 105.12 (SD 54.98), 0 ± vs. 107.37 (SD 52.12) respectively. Many of these differences were statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The use of homeopathy apparently improved the production of viable doses of semen from bulls with previous freezing problems and poor semen quality. Controlled studies should be conducted.

Efeito do estresse na eficiência reprodutiva de fêmeas bovinas / Effects of stress on reproductive performance of female bovine

Os mecanismos que desencadeiam estresse em um animal e o seu efeito na reprodução não estão completamente elucidados. Nesta revisão, pretende-se apresentar os principais aspectos que levam um animal ao estado de estresse e seu efeito na eficiência reprodutiva de fêmeas bovinas. Determinados processos dentro da produção animal, como manejos reprodutivos, requerem um contato constante com os animais. Se durante os trabalhos no curral os animais sofrerem uma interação homem-animal negativa, haverá prejuízos à homeostase (estresse) e ativação do eixo hipotalâmico-hipofisário-adrenal com paralisação do eixo hipotalâmico-hipofisário-gonadal, diminuindo, assim, a fertilidade dos animais. Desse modo, é necessário um melhor entendimento de como este processo gonadal e neuroendócrino se desenvolve, visando melhorar a eficiência reprodutiva.

The mechanisms which trigger the stress state in an animal and its effects on reproductions are not completely clear. This review intends to show the main aspects which lead an animal to stress and its effects on reproductive efficiency of bovine female. Some process in animal production requires a constant contact with animals, such as reproductive handling. If during this works in corral the animals suffer from a negative human-animal interaction, there will be damage to animal’s homeostasis (stress). As a consequence, an activation on hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis disrupting the hypothalamic pituitary gonadal axis, thus, decreasing animal’s fertility. In brief, it is necessary a best understanding about the development of this neuroendocrine and gonadal process and how does it works, aiming increase reproductive efficiency.

Efeito do soro de cadela em estro na maturação in vitro de ovócitos caninos / Effect of estrus bitch serum on in vitro maturation of canine oocyte

Avaliou-se o efeito do soro de cadela em estro na maturação in vitro de ovócitos caninos, utilizando-se 92 ovócitos de cadelas, submetidas à cirurgia eletiva de ovarioisterectomia. Os ovócitos foram selecionados e distribuídos em dois tratamentos: T1 (n = 48), ovócitos cultivados in vitro durante 96 horas utilizando meio base - TCM199 + 5µg/mL de LH + 20µg/mL de FSH - mais 10 por cento de soro inativado de vaca em estro e T2 (n = 44), ovócitos cultivados em meio base mais 10 por cento de soro inativado de cadela em estro. O percentual de ovócitos observados em metáfase I não indicou diferenças (P>0,05) entre T1 (2,1 por cento) e T2 (0,0 por cento), porém a taxa de ovócitos maduros (metáfase II) foi diferente (P<0,05), sendo 27,1 por cento em T1 e 47,7 por cento em T2. O mesmo fato ocorreu com a taxa de cromatina condensada (P<0,01), com 14,6 e 0,0 por cento, respectivamente. Nos ovócitos sem configuração cromossômica, não foram observadas diferenças (P>0,05), sendo 56,3 por cento em T1 e 52,3 por cento em T2. Estes resultados indicam que a adição de soro de cadela em estro no meio de cultivo oferece melhores condições para o desenvolvimento in vitro, quando comparado à de soro de vaca em estro.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of estrus on in vitro canine oocyte. A total of 92 oocyte from bitches under ovary-hysterectomy surgery was used. The oocytes were selected and randomly assigned to two different treatments, being T1 (n = 48) in vitro cultured for 96h using basic medium (TCM199 + 5µg/mL of LH + 20µg/mL of FSH), plus 10 percent of cow inactive serum in estrus and T2 (n = 44) basic medium plus 10 percent of bitch inactive serum in estrus. The percentage of oocyte observed on metaphase I do not indicate a difference (P>0.05) between T1 (2.1 percent) and T2 (0.0 percent). However, the rate of mature oocyte (metaphase II) was different (P<0.05), being 27.1 percent for T1 and 47.7 percent for T2. There was difference (P<0.05) in the condensed chromatin rate for T1 (14.6 percent) and T2 (0.0 percent), respectively. There was no difference (P>0.05) between T1 (56.3 percent) and T2 (52.3 percent) in oocyte with no chromosome configuration. These results indicate that supplementation with estrus bitch serum on culture media offer better conditions to in vitro development, when compared to estrus cow serum.

Desenvolvimento de embriões de camundongas após manutenção em diferentes soluções de manipulação / Development of mice embryos after maintenance in different manipulation solutions

Avaliou-se a eficácia de duas soluções de manipulação (SM) de embriões de camundongas nos estádios de blastocisto inicial (Bin), mórula compacta grau I (McI) e II (McII), distribuídos aleatoriamente em três tratamentos (T), de acordo com a solução de manutenção. No T1 usou-se PBS modificado (controle); no T2, SME e no T3, SME enriquecida. Os embriões foram mantidos durante quatro horas na solução de manutenção e posteriormente classificados quanto ao estádio de desenvolvimento e à qualidade embrionária. Logo após, foram cultivados em meio TCM 199 e classificados novamente quanto ao estádio de desenvolvimento e à qualidade embrionária. A taxa de desenvolvimento dos embriões após manutenção por quatro horas em solução de manipulação foi menor (P<0,05) nos embriões do controle, comparada à de embriões do SME e SME enriquecida, diferença esta não observada (P>0,05) após o cultivo in vitro. Os embriões McII do T3 tiveram maior desenvolvimento (P<0,05) em relação aos embriões do T1 e T2, indicando o efeito benéfico do enriquecimento da solução SME. Conclui-se que as soluções de manipulação SME e SME enriquecida influenciaram beneficamente o desenvolvimento de embriões.(AU)

The effect of embryo manipulation solution followed by in vitro culture in mice embryos was studied. The embryos at early blastocyst (Bin), and compact morula grades I (McI) and II (McII) were randomly assigned into three treatments. T1 used modified PBS (control), T2 used EMS, and T3 used EMS supplemented. In each treatment, the embryos were kept in manipulation solution for four hours. Finishing the manipulation period, the embryos were classified according the development stage and quality. Following, the embryos were cultured in TCM 199. After the culture period, the embryos were evaluated according to quality and development stage. The development rate for Bin, McI, and McII after maintenance for four hours in manipulation solution was lower for control embryo (P>0.05) as compared to EMS and EMS supplemented embryos. After in vitro culture, no differences (P>0.05) on embryo development rate among control, EMS, and EMS supplemented were observed. Moreover, McII from EMS supplemented had a higher development (P<0.05) (93 percent) as compared to control (82.5 percent) and EMS (83.9 percent), suggesting a beneficial effect of EMS supplemented. EMS and EMS supplemented embryos had a positive effect on embryo development, showing higher embryo development than those in PBS solution.(AU)

Desenvolvimento de embriões de camundongas após manutenção em diferentes soluções de manipulação / Development of mice embryos after maintenance in different manipulation solutions

Avaliou-se a eficácia de duas soluções de manipulação (SM) de embriões de camundongas nos estádios de blastocisto inicial (Bin), mórula compacta grau I (McI) e II (McII), distribuídos aleatoriamente em três tratamentos (T), de acordo com a solução de manutenção. No T1 usou-se PBS modificado (controle); no T2, SME e no T3, SME enriquecida. Os embriões foram mantidos durante quatro horas na solução de manutenção e posteriormente classificados quanto ao estádio de desenvolvimento e à qualidade embrionária. Logo após, foram cultivados em meio TCM 199 e classificados novamente quanto ao estádio de desenvolvimento e à qualidade embrionária. A taxa de desenvolvimento dos embriões após manutenção por quatro horas em solução de manipulação foi menor (P<0,05) nos embriões do controle, comparada à de embriões do SME e SME enriquecida, diferença esta não observada (P>0,05) após o cultivo in vitro. Os embriões McII do T3 tiveram maior desenvolvimento (P<0,05) em relação aos embriões do T1 e T2, indicando o efeito benéfico do enriquecimento da solução SME. Conclui-se que as soluções de manipulação SME e SME enriquecida influenciaram beneficamente o desenvolvimento de embriões.

The effect of embryo manipulation solution followed by in vitro culture in mice embryos was studied. The embryos at early blastocyst (Bin), and compact morula grades I (McI) and II (McII) were randomly assigned into three treatments. T1 used modified PBS (control), T2 used EMS, and T3 used EMS supplemented. In each treatment, the embryos were kept in manipulation solution for four hours. Finishing the manipulation period, the embryos were classified according the development stage and quality. Following, the embryos were cultured in TCM 199. After the culture period, the embryos were evaluated according to quality and development stage. The development rate for Bin, McI, and McII after maintenance for four hours in manipulation solution was lower for control embryo (P>0.05) as compared to EMS and EMS supplemented embryos. After in vitro culture, no differences (P>0.05) on embryo development rate among control, EMS, and EMS supplemented were observed. Moreover, McII from EMS supplemented had a higher development (P<0.05) (93 percent) as compared to control (82.5 percent) and EMS (83.9 percent), suggesting a beneficial effect of EMS supplemented. EMS and EMS supplemented embryos had a positive effect on embryo development, showing higher embryo development than those in PBS solution.

Efeito do soro de cadela em estro na maturação in vitro de ovócitos caninos / Effect of estrus bitch serum on in vitro maturation of canine oocyte

Avaliou-se o efeito do soro de cadela em estro na maturação in vitro de ovócitos caninos, utilizando-se 92 ovócitos de cadelas, submetidas à cirurgia eletiva de ovarioisterectomia. Os ovócitos foram selecionados e distribuídos em dois tratamentos: T1 (n = 48), ovócitos cultivados in vitro durante 96 horas utilizando meio base - TCM199 + 5µg/mL de LH + 20µg/mL de FSH - mais 10 por cento de soro inativado de vaca em estro e T2 (n = 44), ovócitos cultivados em meio base mais 10 por cento de soro inativado de cadela em estro. O percentual de ovócitos observados em metáfase I não indicou diferenças (P>0,05) entre T1 (2,1 por cento) e T2 (0,0 por cento), porém a taxa de ovócitos maduros (metáfase II) foi diferente (P<0,05), sendo 27,1 por cento em T1 e 47,7 por cento em T2. O mesmo fato ocorreu com a taxa de cromatina condensada (P<0,01), com 14,6 e 0,0 por cento, respectivamente. Nos ovócitos sem configuração cromossômica, não foram observadas diferenças (P>0,05), sendo 56,3 por cento em T1 e 52,3 por cento em T2. Estes resultados indicam que a adição de soro de cadela em estro no meio de cultivo oferece melhores condições para o desenvolvimento in vitro, quando comparado à de soro de vaca em estro.(AU)

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of estrus on in vitro canine oocyte. A total of 92 oocyte from bitches under ovary-hysterectomy surgery was used. The oocytes were selected and randomly assigned to two different treatments, being T1 (n = 48) in vitro cultured for 96h using basic medium (TCM199 + 5µg/mL of LH + 20µg/mL of FSH), plus 10 percent of cow inactive serum in estrus and T2 (n = 44) basic medium plus 10 percent of bitch inactive serum in estrus. The percentage of oocyte observed on metaphase I do not indicate a difference (P>0.05) between T1 (2.1 percent) and T2 (0.0 percent). However, the rate of mature oocyte (metaphase II) was different (P<0.05), being 27.1 percent for T1 and 47.7 percent for T2. There was difference (P<0.05) in the condensed chromatin rate for T1 (14.6 percent) and T2 (0.0 percent), respectively. There was no difference (P>0.05) between T1 (56.3 percent) and T2 (52.3 percent) in oocyte with no chromosome configuration. These results indicate that supplementation with estrus bitch serum on culture media offer better conditions to in vitro development, when compared to estrus cow serum.(AU)

Nova técnica para contagem do número de células de blastocistos / A new technique to count the number of cells of blastocysts

A simplified, fast, and innovative method was developed to count the total cell number in blastocysts. Murine blastocysts (N = 195) were used in this study. They were obtained after 10h culture of initial blastocysts, compact morulae grades I and II recovered from superovulated mouse. After culture, the blastococysts were selected to test the new proposal of counting. The process was done after embryo fixation in a sodium citrate solution, and adherence in glass slide. Following, the coloration was done using a fast panoptic coloration kit. As a result, it was possible to identify the blastomeres and count them in each blastocyst. This method provided a fast and effective analysis of the total cell number when compared with other techniques. Moreover, this new method shows advantages related to the cell visualization, which can be done in more simple equipment like stereoscopic microscope. Other interesting observed point was the long period of time and quality that the coloration stays on slides, considering other techniques.(AU)

Nova técnica para contagem do número de células de blastocistos / A new technique to count the number of cells of blastocysts

A simplified, fast, and innovative method was developed to count the total cell number in blastocysts. Murine blastocysts (N = 195) were used in this study. They were obtained after 10h culture of initial blastocysts, compact morulae grades I and II recovered from superovulated mouse. After culture, the blastococysts were selected to test the new proposal of counting. The process was done after embryo fixation in a sodium citrate solution, and adherence in glass slide. Following, the coloration was done using a fast panoptic coloration kit. As a result, it was possible to identify the blastomeres and count them in each blastocyst. This method provided a fast and effective analysis of the total cell number when compared with other techniques. Moreover, this new method shows advantages related to the cell visualization, which can be done in more simple equipment like stereoscopic microscope. Other interesting observed point was the long period of time and quality that the coloration stays on slides, considering other techniques.

[Interdisciplinary integration in nursing teaching and learning: our experience]. / Integração interdisciplinar no ensinar e aprender enfermagem: relato de uma experiência.

In 1996, a group of professors of the areas of Immunology, Histology, Nutrition, Pathology and Foundations of Nursing, began the Educational Project with the Support Program to Integrated Projects of Education and Health Services (PAPIENS), in the Nursing graduation course of the State University of Londrina. This Program is inserted in the project UNI subsidized by the Kellogg Foundation, which has propitiated innovations in the teaching-learning process, as well as changes in the curriculum of courses in the health area of the university mentioned before. This project has as its linking content the subject wounds. The main objective is to propitiate to students the construction of knowledge, regarding this theme, through the articulation and integration of the different areas involved, as well as through the observation of patients who carry wounds. It was observed that the project has facilitated student's learning and also prepared teachers for the challenge of the Nursing Integrated Curriculum to be implemented in the year 2000.