Saliva, supragingival biofilm and root canals can harbor gene associated with resistance to lactamic agents.

This study aimed to determine the presence of Prevotella strains and genes associated with resistance to lactamics in different oral niches from patients with/without primary endodontic infections. Saliva (S) and supragingival biofilm (SB) were collected from three patient groups: Group I - no endodontic infection (n = 15); Group II - acute endodontic infection (n = 12); and Group III - chronic endodontic infection (n = 15). Root canal (RC) samples were collected from Groups II and III. The presence of P. intermedia, P nigrescens, P. tannerae and cfxA/cfxA2 gene was assessed by PCR. The cfxA/cfxA2 gene was not detected in all environments within the same patient. The cfxA/cfxA2 gene was present in 23.81% of S samples, 28.57% of SB samples, and 7.41% of RC samples. Prevotella species were detected in 53.97%, 47.62% and 34.56% of the S, SB, and RC samples, respectively. P. intermedia had a high frequency in saliva samples from Group 3. Saliva samples from Group 1 had higher detection rates of P. nigrescens than did Groups 2 and 3. Patients without endodontic disease had high frequencies of P. nigrescens in the SB samples. The presence or absence of spontaneous symptoms was not related to the detection rates for resistance genes in the RC samples. Saliva, supragingival biofilm and root canals can harbor resistant bacteria. The presence of symptomatology did not increase the presence of the cfxA/cfxA2 gene in the supragingival biofilm and inside root canals.

Distribution of genes related to antimicrobial resistance in different oral environments: a systematic review.

INTRODUCTION: The oral cavity is the main source of microorganisms for odontogenic infections. It is important to perform an extensive analysis regarding the reports on the presence of bacteria that carry resistance genes to antimicrobial agents. The aim of the study was to verify the reports on the distribution of genes associated with resistance to antibiotics prescribed in dentistry in different human oral sites. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted in electronic databases and gray literature to analyze clinical studies that detected genes of bacterial resistance to antibiotics in saliva, supragingival biofilm, and endodontic infections. Data regarding the research group, geographic location, sample source, number of subjects, methods for sample analysis, the targeted gene groups, and the detection rates were collected. Descriptive data analysis was performed. RESULTS: Preliminary analysis was performed in 152 titles; 50 abstracts were reviewed, and 29 full texts were obtained. Nine articles matched the inclusion criteria (saliva = 2, supragingival biofilm = 1, and endodontic infections = 6). The presence of 33 different targeted genes was evaluated. The most frequently investigated groups of genes were tetracycline and lactamics (tetM, tetQ, tetW, and cfxA). There was a wide range for the detection rates of each resistance gene among studies and for each specific gene group. CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review highlights the presence of resistance genes to antimicrobial agents in saliva, dental biofilm, and endodontic infections, especially for tetracycline and lactamics. There is a lack of reports on the presence of genes and resulting outcomes obtained through the therapeutic approaches for infection control.

Saliva, supragingival biofilm and root canals can harbor gene associated with resistance to lactamic agents

This study aimed to determine the presence of Prevotella strains and genes associated with resistance to lactamics in different oral niches from patients with/without primary endodontic infections. Saliva (S) and supragingival biofilm (SB) were collected from three patient groups: Group I – no endodontic infection (n = 15); Group II – acute endodontic infection (n = 12); and Group III – chronic endodontic infection (n = 15). Root canal (RC) samples were collected from Groups II and III. The presence of P. intermedia, P nigrescens, P. tannerae and cfxA/cfxA2 gene was assessed by PCR. The cfxA/cfxA2 gene was not detected in all environments within the same patient. The cfxA/cfxA2 gene was present in 23.81% of S samples, 28.57% of SB samples, and 7.41% of RC samples. Prevotella species were detected in 53.97%, 47.62% and 34.56% of the S, SB, and RC samples, respectively. P. intermedia had a high frequency in saliva samples from Group 3. Saliva samples from Group 1 had higher detection rates of P. nigrescens than did Groups 2 and 3. Patients without endodontic disease had high frequencies of P. nigrescens in the SB samples. The presence or absence of spontaneous symptoms was not related to the detection rates for resistance genes in the RC samples. Saliva, supragingival biofilm and root canals can harbor resistant bacteria. The presence of symptomatology did not increase the presence of the cfxA/cfxA2 gene in the supragingival biofilm and inside root canals.

Presença de genes de resistência a agentes antimicrobianos em saliva, biofilme supragengival e canais radiculares infectados / Presence of antimicrobial resistance genes in saliva, supragingival biofilm and infected root canals

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar, in vitro, a influência de diferentes preparos dentais e dois diferentes tipos de cerâmica, sobre a resistência à fratura e o vedamento marginal de dentes restaurados com facetas laminadas. Foram utilizados 56 incisivos centrais, divididos em 7 grupos (incluindo grupo controle de dentes hígidos), diferenciados pelo preparo: preparos tipo janela, preparos com término em bordo reto e preparos com término em bordo envelopado e cerâmica utilizada: feldspática (Vita VM7 – Vita) e à base de dissilicato de lítio (IPS Empress II – Ivoclar Vivadent). Os dentes foram preparados com pontas diamantadas de forma padronizada, conforme os grupos acima, após foram moldados com silicona de adição para confecção dos laminados com os materiais citados. Após a cimentação dos laminados com cimento resinoso, os espécimes foram termociclados e moldados novamente para obtenção de réplicas em resina epóxi que foram avaliadas quanto à presença de fenda marginal em microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Os espécimes (dentes restaurados) foram submetidos ao teste de resistência à fratura em máquina de ensaio universal com velocidade de 1 mm/min. Os resultados foram tabulados e analisados estatisticamente pelos testes ANOVA e Qui², com nível de significância de 5%. O grupo controle apresentou a maior resistência à fratura.(continua).

(continuação)A resistência dos dentes restaurados com laminados foi influenciada significativamente pelo tipo de preparo (p=0,03) e pelo tipo de cerâmica (p=0,011) empregados. Quando comparados os dois tipos de cerâmica empregados, o desempenho superior foi para o sistema cerâmico à base de dissilicato de lítio, quando da presença de bordos reto e envelope. Com relação aos preparos, houve diferença para as cerâmicas feldspáticas, sendo superior o preparo janela. Para a avaliação de vedamento marginal, os grupos com preparo em bordo reto e envelopado associados à cerâmica à base de dissilicato de lítio não apresentaram fendas marginais. Porém, o grupo com preparo do tipo janela e cerâmica à base de dissilicato de lítio e o grupo com preparo em bordo reto e cerâmica feldspática apresentaram 75% de fendas presentes. Conclui-se que quando a cerâmica utilizada for feldspática, o preparo janela apresentou melhor resistência à fratura. Por outro lado, se a cerâmica utilizada for à base de dissilicato de lítio, o tipo de preparo não influenciou na resistência. Os laminados confeccionados com a cerâmica à base de dissilicato de lítio associados ao tipo de preparo reto ou envelopado apresentaram ausência de fenda (100%) e melhores resultados em relação à resistência à fratura para estes tipos de preparo.

The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the influence of different dental tooth preparations and two different types of ceramics on the fracture resistance and marginal sealing of teeth restored with veneers. 56 central incisors were divided into 7 groups (including the control group of sound teeth), by preparation: according to window, ending in straight edge and ending in overlap and ceramic used: feldspathic (Vita VM7 – Vita) and lithium disilicate (IPS Empress II – Ivoclar Vivadent). Teeth were prepared with diamond burs in a standardized manner, according above groups and were impressed with vinyl polysiloxane for the fabrication of veneers with the materials cited. After cementation of veneers with resin cement, specimens were thermocycled and molded again to obtain replicas in epoxy resin that were evaluated for the presence of marginal gap in scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The specimens (restored teeth) were tested for resistance to fracture in a universal testing machine with a crosshead speed of 1 mm / min. The results were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and Chi square test, with a significance level of 5%.(continue)

(continuation)The control group showed the highest fracture resistance. Restored teeth resistance was significantly influenced by the type of preparation (p = 0.03) and the ceramic type (p = 0.011). When comparing the two ceramic types, the superior performance was optained with lithium disilicate ceramic, associated with straight edges and overlap preparations. Regarding preparations showed differences within the feldspathic ceramics, being higher for the window preparation. Regarding marginal sealing, groups with board preparation in straight and overlap associated with lithium disilicate ceramic showed no marginal gaps. However, the group with window preparation and lithium disilicate ceramic and group preparation on board straight and feldspathic ceramic showed 75% of gap presence. It is concluded that when the ceramic used was felsdpathic the window preparation showed better fracture resistance. On the other hand, if the ceramic used was lithium disilicate, the type of preparation didn’t influence the fracture resistance. Laminates made with lithium disilicate ceramic associated with in straight or overlap preparation showed no gap formation (100%), presented the best results in relation to fracture resistance.

Avaliação da necessidade de tratamento periodontal e índice de cárie radicular numa população de Anápoli - GO / Periodontal treatment needs and root caries index of a Anapolis - GO population

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a necessidade de tratamento periodontal e o Índicede Cárie Radicular (ICR) de pacientes dentados com 40 ou mais anos que procuraram tratamento noCurso de Odontologia da UniEVANGÉLICA. Foram examinados 140 pacientes. Para a análise danecessidade de tratamento periodontal, foi utilizado o Índice PSR modificado. A recessão gengivalfoi medida em milímetros, e foi calculado o Índice de Cárie Radicular (superfícies radicularescariadas ou restauradas/total de superfícies radiculares expostas x 100%). Observou-se diminuiçãodo número médio de dentes remanescentes (40-49 anos: 20,1; 70 anos ou mais: 12,3); aumento daextensão e severidade das recessões gengivais (40-49 anos: 56,01% e 1,74 mm; 70 anos ou mais:91,89% e 3,72 mm, respectivamente) e aumento no Índice de Cárie Radicular (40-49 anos: 5,4%;70 anos ou mais: 10%) em função da idade. Entretanto, a necessidade de tratamento periodontal(PSR graus 3 e 4 verdadeiros) foi maior nos grupos de faixa etária mais baixa. Concluiu-se que,com a progressão da idade, houve redução da necessidade de tratamento periodontal e aumentono Índice de Cárie Radicular.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the periodontal treatment needs and the RootCaries Index (RCI) from 40 years old or elder patients of UniEVANGELICA School of Dentistry.140 dentated patients were examined. For Periodontal Treatment Needs evaluation it was used amodified Periodontal Screening and Recording (PSR) index. Gingival recession was measuredin millimeters and the Root Caries Index was calculated (decayed or filled root surfaces/totalexposed root surfaces x 100%). It was observed a reduction in remaining teeth (40-49 yearsold: 20.1; 70 years old or older: 12.3); increased severity and extension of gingival recession(40-49 years old: 56,01% and 1.74 mm; 70 years old or older: 91.89% and 3.72 mm, respectively)and increased Root Caries Index (40-49 years old: 5.4%; 70 years old or older: 10%) related toaging. However, the Periodontal Treatment Needs (true 3 and 4 PSR scores) were higher at lowage patients. It was concluded that, with aging, there were less Periodontal Treatment Needs, whilethe Root Caries Index increased.