The advantages of penehyclidine hydrochloride over atropine in acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning: A meta-analysis.

Background: Penehyclidine hydrochloride (PHC) has been used for many years as an anticholinergic drug for the treatment of acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning (AOPP). The purpose of this meta-analysis was to explore whether PHC has advantages over atropine in the use of anticholinergic drugs in AOPP. Methods: We searched Scopus, Embase, Cochrane, PubMed, ProQuest, Ovid, Web of Science, China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), Duxiu, Chinese Biomedical literature (CBM), WanFang, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), from inception to March 2022. After all qualified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included, we conducted quality evaluation, data extraction, and statistical analysis. Statistics using risk ratios (RR), weighted mean difference (WMD), and standard mean difference (SMD). Results: Our meta-analysis included 20,797 subjects from 240 studies across 242 different hospitals in China. Compared with the atropine group, the PHC group showed decreased mortality rate (RR=0.20, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.16-0.25, P <0.001), hospitalization time (WMD=-3.89, 95% CI: -4.37 to -3.41, P <0.001), overall incidence rate of complications (RR=0.35, 95% CI: 0.28-0.43, P <0.001), overall incidence of adverse reactions (RR=0.19, 95% CI: 0.17-0.22, P <0.001), total symptom disappearance time (SMD=-2.13, 95% CI: -2.35 to -1.90, P <0.001), time for cholinesterase activity to return to normal value 50-60% (SMD=-1.87, 95% CI: -2.03 to -1.70, P <0.001), coma time (WMD=-5.57, 95% CI: -7.20 to -3.95, P <0.001), and mechanical ventilation time (WMD=-2.16, 95% CI: -2.79 to -1.53, P <0.001). Conclusion: PHC has several advantages over atropine as an anticholinergic drug in AOPP.

Real-time 100-GbE fiber-wireless seamless integration system using an electromagnetic dual-polarized single-input single-output wireless link at the W band.

This Letter demonstrates a real-time 100-GbE fiber-wireless seamless integration system operating at the whole W band (75-110 GHz). Based on a pair of commercial digital coherent optical modules, the real-time transparent transmission of 125-Gb/s dual-polarized quadrature phase-shift keying signal has been successfully achieved over two-spans of 20-km fiber and up to 150-m electromagnetic dual-polarized single-input single-output wireless link. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first real-time demonstration of 100-GbE signal transmission over >100-m wireless distance at the millimeter-wave band based on photonics. We believed this real-time and high-speed fiber-wireless seamless integration system with a wireless coverage up to hundreds of meters can significantly accelerate the progress of upcoming 6G.

The Volume of T2 Low-Signal Band and the Width of the Widest Blood Vessel in Placenta Measured by MRI in Pregnant Women with Different Types of Placental Implantation and Its Differential Value.

Objective: To explore the value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in measuring the volume of T2 low-signal band and the width change of the widest blood vessel in placenta in pregnant women with different types of placenta implantation (PI). Methods: From November 2020 to August 2021, 116 patients in our hospital who underwent placental MRI because of ultrasound or clinical suspicion of PI were selected as the research object. According to the "gold standard" (clinical or surgical pathological results), 79 cases with PI were diagnosed as PI group, and 37 cases without PI were no PI group. The clinical features, MRI signs, T2 hyposignal zone volume, and the width of the widest blood vessel in placenta were compared between the two groups and different types of PI patients. Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of PI and PI classification, and the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) was used to analyze the value of T2 low-signal zone volume and the widest blood vessel width in the placenta for different types of PI. Results: The history of cesarean section, uneven placental signal, the proportion of T2 low-signal band shadow, the volume of T2 low-signal band, and the width of the widest blood vessel in placenta in PI group were higher than those in non-PI group (p < 0.05); the history of cesarean section, uneven placental signal, T2 hypointense band shadow, the volume of T2 hypointense band, and the increase of the width of the widest blood vessel in placenta are independent risk factors for PI (p < 0.05); with the increase of implantation depth, the proportion of T2 hypointense band shadow, the volume of T2 hypointense band, and the width of the widest blood vessel in placenta gradually increased (p < 0.05); T2 hypointense band shadow, T2 hypointense band volume, and the widest blood vessel width in placenta are all influencing factors of PI classification (p < 0.05); ROC showed that the volume of T2 low-signal band and the width of the widest blood vessel in placenta, the AUC of combined identification of adhesive PI, implanted PI, implanted PI, and penetrating PI were 0.846 and 0.899, respectively, which was higher than that of single identification (p < 0.05). Conclusion: MRI measurement of T2 hyposignal zone volume and the widest blood vessel width in placenta can be used for PI diagnosis and classification differentiation and provide reliable basis for clinical prenatal preparation and treatment planning.

1.5T magnetic resonance imaging in evaluating fetal head and abdomen malformations: a preliminary study.

OBJECTIVE: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasingly used in the diagnosis of fetal malformations. The purpose of this study was to determine the diagnostic value of 1.5T MRI in fetal head and abdominal malformations. METHODS: A total of 132 pregnant women admitted to Shijiazhuang NO.4 Hospital were included and divided into a control group (CG; n=63) and a research group (RG; n=69) according to different prenatal examination methods. Patients in CG were given ultrasound, while those in RG underwent 1.5T MRI examination. The image quality of 1.5T MRI in different amniotic fluid, different gestational weeks with normal amniotic fluid and different fetal positions with normal amniotic fluid were compared. The detection rate and diagnostic value of the two methods were also compared, with the histological and pathological results as the gold standard. RESULTS: The image quality of 1.5T MRI was not affected by different gestational age with normal amniotic fluid, different fetal positions with normal amniotic fluid, or different amniotic fluid, indicating the feasibility of 1.5T MRI in fetal malformation examination. Histopathological diagnosis revealed 39 cases of head and abdominal deformities in CG and 50 cases in RG. Based on the results of ultrasound examination, there were 32 cases of deformities and 31 of non-deformities in CG. In RG, 1.5T MRI revealed 48 malformations and 21 non-malformations. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis rates were 82.05%, 75.00%, 79.37%, 17.95% and 25.00% respectively in CG where ultrasonography was performed, and were 96.00%, 94.74%, 95.65%, 4.00% and 5.26% respectively in RG where 1.5T MRI was performed. The data identified significant differences in sensitivity, accuracy and missed diagnosis between RG and CG. CONCLUSION: 1.5T MRI is effective in diagnosing fetal head and abdominal malformations.