An Optimization Method for Lightweight Rock Classification Models: Transferred Rich Fine-Grained Knowledge.

Rock image classification represents a challenging fine-grained image classification task characterized by subtle differences among closely related rock categories. Current contrastive learning methods prevalently utilized in fine-grained image classification restrict the model's capacity to discern critical features contrastively from image pairs, and are typically too large for deployment on mobile devices used for in situ rock identification. In this work, we introduce an innovative and compact model generation framework anchored by the design of a Feature Positioning Comparison Network (FPCN). The FPCN facilitates interaction between feature vectors from localized regions within image pairs, capturing both shared and distinctive features. Further, it accommodates the variable scales of objects depicted in images, which correspond to differing quantities of inherent object information, directing the network's attention to additional contextual details based on object size variability. Leveraging knowledge distillation, the architecture is streamlined, with a focus on nuanced information at activation boundaries to master the precise fine-grained decision boundaries, thereby enhancing the small model's accuracy. Empirical evidence demonstrates that our proposed method based on FPCN improves the classification accuracy mobile lightweight models by nearly 2% while maintaining the same time and space consumption.

An Ethyl-Thioglycolate-Functionalized Fe3O4@ZnS Magnetic Fluorescent Nanoprobe for the Detection of Ag+ and Its Applications in Real Water Solutions.

Ethyl-thioglycolate-modified Fe3O4@ZnS nanoparticles (Fe3O4@ZnS-SH) were successfully prepared using a simple chemical precipitation method. The introduction of ethyl thioglycolate better regulated the surface distribution of ZnS, which can act as a recognition group and can cause a considerable quenching of the fluorescence intensity of the magnetic fluorescent nanoprobe, Fe3O4@ZnS-SH. Benefiting from stable fluorescence emission, the magnetic fluorescent nanoprobe showed a highly selective fluorescent response to Ag+ in the range of 0-400 µM, with a low detection limit of 0.20 µM. The magnetic fluorescent nanoprobe was used to determine the content of Ag+ in real samples. A simple and environmentally friendly approach was proposed to simultaneously achieve the enrichment, detection, and separation of Ag+ and the magnetic fluorescent nanoprobe from an aqueous solution. These results may lead to a wider range of application prospects of Fe3O4 nanomaterials as base materials for fluorescence detection in the environment.

A novel mitochondria-targetable NIR fluorescent probe for monitoring intracellular hypobromous acid levels.

The development of ultrasensitive in situ detection techniques for monitoring hypobromous acid (HBrO) levels in the biological systems is of great significance to reveal its complex pathological and physiological effects. A simple mitochondria-targetable hydrazine-based near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe (Mito-NIR) for detecting HBrO in the mitochondria of live cells is presented in this paper. Probe Mito-NIR displays the ultrafast (< 5 s) response for HBrO. It can detect HBrO with high sensitivity. Additionally, it shows high selectivity towards HBrO over other biologically important substances. Finally, it can monitor the changes of endogenous/exogenous HBrO levels in the mitochondria of live cells. A simple mitochondria-targetable NIR fluorescent probe with picomolar sensitivity for HBrO was developed to specifically track mitochondrial HBrO.

The Development of a 4-aminonaphthalimide-based Highly Selective Fluorescent Probe for Rapid Detection of HOCl.

Recently, more and more evidence indicated that intracellular HOCl plays a crucial role in the regulation of inflammation and apoptosis, while excessive HOCl has an impact on human health problems. So, the development of methods for sensitive detection of HOCl is very vital to reveal its various physiological and pathological functions. In this paper, we have described a simple fluorescent probe for selective detection of HOCl, whereas for higher concentrations of other biological important substances, the probe almost does not respond. The experimental results show that the probe can quantitatively determine the range of 0-1 µM HOCl, the detection limit is 0.05 µM. In addition, the probe reacts quickly with HOCl (< 3 s), which is helpful to monitor HOCl in biological system because HOCl is highly reactive and short-lived. The ability of the probe to HOCl enables it to be used to track the HOCl levels in living systems.

Rhodol-derived turn-on fluorescent probe for copper ions with high selectivity and sensitivity.

A new rhodol-derived fluorescent probe 1 with picolinate as the recognition receptor was designed and simply synthesized using a one-step reaction. With the concentration of added Cu2+ increases, it gradually turns pink, so the effect of naked eye detection can be achieved. The detection limit of probe 1 for Cu2+ is 42 nM, and the linear detection range was 0-2 µM. The experimental results showed that 1 was a fluorescent probe with high selectivity, good water solubility, and high sensitivity to Cu2+ . Probe 1 was successfully applied in cell imaging experiments and can detect the concentration of Cu2+ in water samples. All these indicate that probe 1 has the potential to be applied to the detection of Cu2+ concentration in the real environment.

A Near Infrared Fluorescent Probe for Sensitive Determination of Human Serum Albumin.

A fluorescent probe 1 has been successfully developed to determine human serum albumin (HSA). Probe 1 expresses a dramatic fluorescence enhancement to HSA without interference from other amino acids. Under the optimal conditions, the calibration graphs are linear over the range of 0 - 13.3 µg/mL with the limit of determination of 0.61 µg/mL. Thus, this probe shows high sensitivity and selectivity to HSA.

Are triphenylamine-functionalized or carbazole-functionalized iridium complexes the more effective phosphorescent materials? A theoretical perspective.

The ground and excited states, charge injection/transport, and phosphorescence properties of eleven carbazole- and triphenylamine-functionalized Ir(III) complexes were investigated by using the DFT method. By analyzing the spin-orbit coupling (SOC) matrix elements, radiative decay rate constants k(r), and the electronic structures and energies at the S0(opt) and T1(opt) states, it was possible to rationalize the order of the experimental phosphorescence quantum yields of a series of Ir(III) complexes and to predict that [Ir(Nph-2-Cz-tz)3] has a higher phosphorescence quantum yield than [Ir(TPA-tz)3] (TPA=triphenylamine, tz=thiazolyl, Cz=carbazole, Nph=N-phenyl). Carbazole-functionalized Ir(III) complexes were shown to be efficient phosphorescent materials that have not only fast but also balanced electron/hole-transport performance as well as high phosphorescence quantum yields. The phosphorescence emission spectra can be modulated by modifying or replacing a pyridyl substituent.