Clinical therapeutic effects of high-flow nasal oxygen therapy in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: For patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) complicated by respiratory acidosis, noninvasive ventilation therapy is thought to be the first-line treatment. In patients with AECOPD, the effect of high-flow nasal oxygen therapy is not well studied. In this study, the existing data will be synthesized to obtain an effective rate of movement of nasal oxygen therapy in patients with AECOPD. METHODS: Using PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, a systematic search will be undertaken to identify randomized controlled trails (RCTs) on the clinical therapeutic effects of rate of movement of nasal oxygen therapy in patients with AECOPD without language constraints from their onset to November 2020. To classify potentially qualifying tests, we will also review Google Scholar, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the reference lists of included studies. Two independent reviewers will review inclusion trials and execute data extraction. Research bias and quality will be measured using the Cochrane Collaboration Bias Method 2.0. The findings of the analysis will be pooled using a formula of fixed-effects or random-effects. We will address any dispute by dialogue, and cases of disagreement will be mediated by a third author. RESULTS: The current research will examine the clinical therapeutic results of patients with AECOPD with rate of movement of nasal oxygen therapy. CONCLUSION: To assess the efficacy of rate of movement of nasal oxygen therapy in patients with AECOPD, the present analysis would provide consistent facts. OSF REGISTRATION NUMBER: November 18, 2020.osf.io/umd48. (https://osf.io/umd48/).

[Characteristics and Environmental Impacts of Materials Stored in Municipal Solid Waste Landfills: A Case Study of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area].

The composition of municipal solid waste (MSW) in landfills is complex; additionally, the waste stored in landfills continues to generate greenhouse gases, odors, and ground water pollutants even during the post-closure stage. Therefore, landfills are considered key fields of urban eco-environmental remediation. In this context, it is crucial to understand the storage, composition, physical, and chemical characteristics of waste, as well as its potential environmental impacts. However, very few studies have discussed these topics in detail. In this work, we focused on the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA), which has the highest urbanization rate and population density of all China. The generation, stock, physical components, and key elements of MSW in eleven cities of the GBA were analyzed based on both the scientific literature and statistical data. The main results are as follows:① the total amount of MSW produced by the cities was of 26.4 Tg in 2017, with an average annual increment of 0.8 Tg; moreover, the most used disposal method was the sanitary landfill (58.9% of the total); ② the total amount of MSW disposed in the landfills was equal to 230.1 Tg[including mainly food waste (109.6 Tg), plastic (38.9 Tg), and paper (29.6 Tg)]; ③ between 2001-2017, a total of 50.0 Tg of carbon were input in the landfills in the form MSW, of which 7.1 Tg of carbon were emitted as gas and 1.5 Tg were discharged as leachate; moreover, the total landfill carbon stock was equal to 41.4 Tg. Overall, this study provides fundamental data that can be used to determine the environmental impacts of MSW landfills and implement the eco-environmental remediation of urban landfill sites in the GBA.

Genetic diversity and population structure of Perilla frutescens collected from Korea and China based on simple sequence repeats (SSRs).

BACKGROUND: Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt. is divided into two varieties based on morphology and use. One is P. frutescens var. frutescens, which is used both as a leafy vegetable and as an oil obtained from the seeds. The other variety is P. frutescens var. crispa, a Chinese medicine or spice vegetable crop. In addition, weedy types of var. frutescens and var. crispa are occasionally grown as relict forms and are easy to find on roadsides, in waste areas and around farmers' fields or farmhouses. SSR markers have been successfully used to examine the genetic diversity and relationships of cultivated and weedy types of Perilla in many regions. OBJECTIVES: In this study, we used 25 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to assess the genetic diversity and population structure of 90 Perilla accessions from Korea and China. METHODS: A total of 90 accessions of Perilla were collected in Korea and China included 45 accessions from each of Korea and China. We selected 25 SSR markers representing the polymorphism of and adequately amplifying all the Perilla accessions. RESULTS: A total of 153 alleles were identified, with an average of 6.12 alleles per locus. The GD level and PIC value for cultivated and weedy types of P. frutescens from China were higher than those for accessions from Korea. Weedy accessions had higher GD and PIC values than cultivated accessions. In the population structure analysis using the model-based method, the 90 Perilla accessions were divided into two main group and an admixed group based on a membership probability threshold of 0.8. Based on the distance-based unweighted pair group method with the arithmetic mean (UPGMA), all accessions were classified into four major groups with a genetic similarity of 32.8%. CONCLUSION: Finally, the findings of this study will provide useful theoretical knowledge for further study of the population structure and genetic diversity of Perilla species and benefit Perilla crop breeding and germplasm conservation in Korea and China.

Genetic diversity and population structure analysis in Perilla crop and their weedy types from northern and southern areas of China based on simple sequence repeat (SSRs).

INTRODUCTION: Identification of genetic variation is an essential ability for the long-term success of breeding programs and maximizes the use of germplasm resources. In East Asia, China has a long history of the cultivation of Perilla crop, but there has been little research on the genetic diversity and genetic relationships among accessions of Perilla crop and their weedy types. OBJECTIVES: To better understand the genetic variations of the cultivated and weedy types of Perilla crop in China, the 91 accessions were evaluated for genetic diversity by 21 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. METHODS: SSR amplifications were conducted in a total volume of 20 µL, consisting of 20 ng genomic DNA, 1X PCR buffer, 0.5 µM forward and reverse primers, 0.2 mM dNTPs, and 1 U Taq polymerase. Power Marker version 3.25 was applied to obtain the information on the number of alleles, allele frequency, major allele frequency, gene diversity (GD), and polymorphic information content (PIC). The similarity matrix was used to construct an unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean dendrogram by the application of SAHN-Clustering from NTSYS-pc.V.2.1. RESULTS: A total of 147 alleles were identified with an average of 7 alleles per locus. The average values of PIC and GD were 0.577 and 0.537, respectively. The genetic diversity level of accessions from Northern China was lower than accessions from Southern China. The genetic diversity level and PIC values for accessions of var. crispa were the highest. For accessions of cultivated var. frutescens, genetic diversity in Southern China was higher than that in Northern China. CONCLUSION: Most cultivated Perilla accessions were clearly separated from weedy Perilla accessions, but there was no clear geographic structure between cultivated Perilla crop and weedy types based on their regional distribution. This study demonstrated the utility of SSR analysis for performing genetic and population analysis of cultivated and weedy types of Perilla accessions in China.

[Transposable element mariner].

Mariner and mariner-like elements (MLEs) have been found in a wide range of organisms including human since its discovery in Drosophila mauritiana. MLEs belong to the mariner/Tc1 superfamily, one of the most diverse and widespread Class II transposable elements. MLEs have a conserved "D,D(34)D" motif in their transposases and they transpose by cut-and-paste mechanisms. Their extraordinarily wide host range and horizontal transmission in distantly related species indicate that they do not need additional host-specific factors for transposition. The evidence that MLEs could transform a wide variety of organisms especially the vertebrates supported the host-independent mechanism and suggested the availability as a kind of potential transforming vector.