Correction: Youssef et al. Phytochemical Analysis and Profiling of Antitumor Compounds of Leaves and Stems of Calystegia silvatica (Kit.) Griseb. Molecules 2023, 28, 630.

There were errors in the original publication [...].

Effect of silver nanoparticles on tropane alkaloid production of transgenic hairy root cultures of Hyoscyamus muticus L. and their antimicrobial activity.

The utilization of nanotechnology and biotechnology for enhancing the synthesis of plant bioactive chemicals is becoming increasingly common. The hairy root culture technique can be used to increase secondary metabolites such as tropane alkaloids. Agrobacterium was used to induce hairy roots from various explants of Hyoscyamus muticus. The effect of nano-silver particles (AgNPs) at concentrations of 0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/L on tropane alkaloids synthesis, particularly hyoscyamine and scopolamine, was studied in transgenic hairy root cultures. Different types of explants obtained from 10-day-old seedlings of H. muticus were inoculated with two strains of Agrobacterium rhizogenes (15,834 and A4). The antimicrobial activity of an ethanolic extract of AgNPs-induced hairy root cultures of H. muticus was tested. The frequency of hairy roots was higher in hypocotyl, root, leaf, and stem explants treated with A. rhizogenes strain A4 compared to those treated with strain 15,834. In transgenic hairy root cultures, AgNPs application at a concentration of 100 mg/L resulted in the highest total tropane alkaloid production, which exhibited broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. The study demonstrated the potential of nano-silver as an elicitor for promoting the production of target alkaloids in Hyoscyamus muticus hairy root cultures, which exhibit high biological activity.

Phytochemical Analysis and Profiling of Antioxidants and Anticancer Compounds from Tephrosia purpurea (L.) subsp. apollinea Family Fabaceae.

Tephorosia purpurea subsp. apollinea was extracted with methanol and n-hexane to obtain sub-fractions. The chemical compounds identified with GC-MS and HPLC in T. purpurea subsp. apollinea extracts showed antioxidant and anticancer properties. The antioxidant and anticancer activities were investigated using DDPH and ABTS assays, and MTT assay, respectively. Stigmasta-5,24(28)-dien-3-ol, (3 ß,24Z)-, 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid methyl ester, phytol, chlorogenic acid, and quercetin were the major chemical compounds detected in T. purpurea subsp. apollinea. These compounds possessed antioxidant and anticancer properties. The methanol extract showed antioxidant properties with DDPH and ABTS radical scavenging of 84% and 94%, respectively, relative to ascorbic acid and trolox. The anticancer effects of T. purpurea subsp. apollinea against the cancer cell lines MCF7 (IC50 = 102.8 ± 0.6 µg/mL), MG63 (IC50 = 118.3 ± 2.5 µg/mL), T47D (IC50 = 114.7 ± 1.0 µg/mL), HeLa (IC50 = 196.3 ± 2.3 µg/mL), and PC3 (IC50 = 117.7 ± 1.1 µg/mL) were greater than its anticancer effects against U379 (IC50 = 248.4 ± 7.5 µg/mL). However, it had no adverse effects on the normal cells (WI38) (IC50 = 242.9 ± 1.8 µg/mL). Therefore, the major active constituents presented in T. purpurea subsp. apollinea can be isolated and studied for their potential antioxidant and anticancer effects against breast, cervical, and prostate cancers and osteosarcoma.

Phytochemical Analysis and Profiling of Antitumor Compounds of Leaves and Stems of Calystegia silvatica (Kit.) Griseb.

Anti-tumor compounds from natural products are being investigated as possible alternatives for cancer chemotherapeutics that have serious adverse effects and tumor resistance. Calystegia silvatica was collected from the north coast of Egypt and extracted via methanol and n-hexane sub-fraction. The biologically active compounds of Calystegia silvatica were identified from the methanol and n-hexane extracts from the leaves and stems of the plant using GC-MS and HPLC. The antitumor properties of both parts of the plant were investigated against cancer and non-cancer cell lines using the MTT assay, and the IC50 in comparison to doxorubicin was calculated. The main compounds identified in the methanol extract were cis-vaccenic acid and trans-13-octadecenoic acid in the leaves and stems, respectively, and phenyl undecane and 3,7,11,15 tetramethyl-2-hexadeca-1-ol in the n-hexane extracts of the leaves and stems, respectively. Both parts of the plant contained fatty acids that have potential antitumor properties. The methanol extract from the stems of C. silvatica showed antitumor properties against HeLa, with an IC50 of 114 ± 5 µg/mL, PC3 with an IC50 of 137 ± 18 µg/mL and MCF7 with an IC50 of 172 ± 15 µg/mL, which were greater than Caco2, which had an IC50 of 353 ± 19 µg/mL, and HepG2, which had an IC50 of 236 ± 17 µg/mL. However, the leaf extract showed weak antitumor properties against all of the studied cancer cell lines (HeLa with an IC50 of 208 ± 13 µg/mL, PC3 with an IC50 of 336 ± 57 µg/mL, MCF7 with an IC50 of 324 ± 17 µg/mL, Caco2 with an IC50 of 682 ± 55 µg/mL and HepG2 with an IC50 of 593 ± 22 µg/mL). Neither part of the plant extract showed any cytotoxicity to the normal cells (WI38). Therefore, C. silvatica stems may potentially be used for the treatment of cervical, prostate and breast cancer.

Phytochemistry and Anticancer Effects of Mangrove (Rhizophora mucronata Lam.) Leaves and Stems Extract against Different Cancer Cell Lines.

The biologically active components of the methanol extracts of R. mucronata were identified using GC/MS. The anticancer effects of each methanol extract from the leaves and stem were evaluated against cancer and non-cancer cell lines. The MTT assay was used in order to evaluate cell viability, and the IC50 and the selectivity indices were calculated in relation to a positive control (doxorubicin). The results showed that 11 and 8 different chemical compounds were found in the methanol extracts from the leaves and stems of R. mucronata, respectively. The active constituents of R. mucronata leaves and stems had anticancer effects against colon cancer (CaCo-2), with IC50 levels of 127 ± 4 µg/mL and 107 ± 6 µg/mL, respectively, and on breast cancer (MCF-7), with IC50 levels of 158 ± 10 µg/mL and 138 ± 4 µg/mL, respectively. These were both greater than their effects on prostate cancer (PC-3), for which they showed IC50 levels of 480 ± 14 µg/mL and 294 ± 3 µg/mL, respectively. However, the anticancer effect of the stems on lung cancer (A549) (IC50 = 155 ± 10 µg/mL) was greater than that of the leaves (IC50 = 376 ± 9 µg/mL) in comparison with doxorubicin. Neither the stems nor the leaves of R. mucronata showed any cytotoxicity against normal cells (WI-38), with the IC50 being 932 ± 30 µg/mL for the leaves and 629 ± 3 µg/mL for the stems.