Scleritis Following Pterygium Excision: Infection, Autoimmunity, or Both?

The term scleritis refers to a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by a chronic inflammatory response centered on the sclera and often involving adjacent structures such as the episclera, cornea, and uvea. It is an uncommon but severe, painful, and potentially blinding ocular disease and may occasionally result in perforation of the globe. Through a case report of severe scleritis that occurred after pterygium surgery, the authors expose diagnostic difficulties and emphasize the need for a meticulous diagnostic approach in such a condition.

Subacute Blindness Revealing an Autoimmune Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Astrocytopathy.

Autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) astrocytopathy is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system characterized by positive GFAP autoantibody. The most common are encephalitis, meningoencephalitis or meningoencephalomyelitis. Antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) against GFAP are biomarkers and expressed in most cases with autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy. Diagnosis by biopsy is not common practice and has been rarely performed in the literature. This is the particularity of our reported case of autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy presented as opticopyramidal syndrome, all paraclinical investigations were normal, only the biopsy allowed the diagnosis.

Acute Blindness as a Complication of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2.

Several neurological manifestations can occur in the acute phase or in post-infection severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In certain cases, they can even reveal the disease. Although some may be consequences of direct cellular viral invasion, many represent post-infectious inflammation mediated by autoimmune mechanisms. We report the case of a 60-year-old woman who was initially consulted for acute blindness without optic neuritis. Brain MRI revealed nonspecific demyelinating lesions without any radiological signs of optic neuritis. The patient underwent an exhaustive assessment and then the diagnosis of optic neuritis with a normal orbital MRI following a SARS-CoV-2 infection was reached.

Analysis of Fourteen New Cases of Meningovascular Syphilis: Renewed Interest in an Old Problem.

Neurosyphilis (NS) remains a public health problem. Several recent reports suggest a worldwide increase in the incidence of this condition. Various syndromes can occur in NS, such as syphilitic meningitis, meningovascular syphilis, parenchymatous and gummatous neurosyphilis. Syphilis meningovascular will be the focus of this study. We report 14 new observations of meningovascular syphilis. A review of demographic and clinical features, neuroimaging findings, cerebrospinal fluid changes, treatment and outcome, pathophysiology mechanism of meningovascular syphilis are presented.