Combination of Neovestitol and Vestitol Modifies the Profile of Periodontitis-Related Subgingival Multispecies Biofilm.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the combination of neovestitol-vestitol (CNV) compounds obtained from Brazilian red propolis on the microbiological profile of a mature multispecies subgingival biofilm. The biofilm with 32 bacterial species associated with periodontitis was formed for seven days using a Calgary device. Treatment with CNV (1600, 800, 400, and 200 µg/mL), amoxicillin (54 µg/mL), and vehicle control was performed for 24 h on the last day of biofilm formation. Biofilm metabolic activity and DNA-DNA hybridization (checkerboard) assays were performed. The groups treated with CNV 1600 and amoxicillin reduced 25 and 13 species, respectively, compared to the control vehicle treatment (p ≤ 0.05); both reduced P. gingivalis, while only CNV reduced T. forsythia. When the data from the two treatments (CNV and AMOXI) were compared, a statistically significant difference was observed in 13 species, particularly members of Socransky's orange complex. Our results showed that CNV at 1600 µg/mL showed the best results regarding the metabolic activity of mature biofilms and obtained a reduction in species associated with the disease, such as T. forsythia, showing a better reduction than amoxicillin. Therefore, CNV seems to be a promising alternative to eradicate biofilms and reduce their pathogenicity.

Antimicrobial Activity of Methylene Blue Associated with Photodynamic Therapy: In Vitro Study in Multi-Species Oral Biofilm.

The control of infectious diseases caused by biofilms is a continuing challenge for researchers due to the complexity of their microbial structures and therapeutic implications. Photodynamic therapy as an adjunctive anti-infective treatment has been described as a possible valid approach but has not been tested in polymicrobial biofilm models. This study evaluated the effect of photodynamic therapy in vitro with methylene blue (MB) 0.01% and red LEDs (λ = 660 nm, power density ≈ 330 mW/cm2, 2 mm distance from culture) on the metabolic activity and composition of a multispecies subgingival biofilm. Test Groups LED and MB + LED showed a more significant reduction in metabolic activity than the non-LED application group (~50 and 55%, respectively). Groups LED and MB equally affected (more than 80%) the total bacterial count in biofilms. No differences were noted in the bacterial biofilm composition between the groups. In vitro LED alone or the MB + LED combination reduced the metabolic activity of bacteria in polymicrobial biofilms and the total subgingival biofilm count.

Evaluation of the Microbial Profile on the Polydioxanone Membrane and the Collagen Membrane Exposed to Multi-Species Subgingival Biofilm: An In Vitro Study.

Dehiscence in surgeries involving membranes often leads to bacterial contamination, hindering the healing process. This study assessed bacterial colonization on various membrane materials. Polydioxanone (PDO) membranes, with thicknesses of 0.5 mm and 1 mm, and a collagen membrane were examined. Packages containing polystyrene pins were crafted using these membranes, attached to 24-well plates, and exposed to oral bacteria from supra and subgingival biofilm. After a week's anaerobic incubation, biofilm formation was evaluated using the DNA-DNA hybridization test. Statistical analysis employed the Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn's post hoc test. The biofilm on the polystyrene pins covered by the 0.5 mm PDO membrane showed a higher count of certain pathogens. The collagen membrane had a greater total biofilm count on its inner surface compared to both PDO membranes. The external collagen membrane face had a higher total biofilm count than the 0.5 mm PDO membrane. Furthermore, the 1 mm PDO membrane exhibited a greater count of specific pathogens than its 0.5 mm counterpart. In conclusion, the collagen membrane presented more biofilm and pathogens both internally and on its inner surface.

Antibacterial Activity of a Bioactive Tooth-Coating Material Containing Surface Pre-Reacted Glass in a Complex Multispecies Subgingival Biofilm.

Bioactive materials were developed with the ability to release fluoride and provide some antimicrobial potential, to be widely used in dentistry today. However, few scientific studies have evaluated the antimicrobial activity of bioactive surface pre-reacted glass (S-PRG) coatings (PRG Barrier Coat, Shofu, Kyoto, Japan) on periodontopathogenic biofilms. This study evaluated the antibacterial activity of S-PRG fillers on the microbial profile of multispecies subgingival biofilms. A Calgary Biofilm Device (CBD) was used to grow a 33-species biofilm related to periodontitis for 7 days. The S-PRG coating was applied on CBD pins from the test group and photo-activated (PRG Barrier Coat, Shofu), while the control group received no coating. Seven days after treatment, the total bacterial counts, metabolic activity, and microbial profile of the biofilms were observed using a colorimetric assay and DNA-DNA hybridization. Statistical analyses were applied; namely, the Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, and Dunn's post hoc tests. The bacterial activity of the test group was reduced by 25.7% compared with that of the control group. A statistically significant reduction was observed for the counts of 15 species: A. naeslundii, A. odontolyticus, V. parvula, C. ochracea, C. sputigena, E. corrodens, C. gracilis, F. nucleatum polymorphum, F. nucleatum vincentii, F. periodonticum, P. intermedia, P. gingivalis, G. morbillorum, S. anginosus, and S. noxia (p ≤ 0.05). The bioactive coating containing S-PRG modified the composition of the subgingival biofilm in vitro, thereby decreasing colonization by pathogens.