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1.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, BDENF - Enfermagem, CUMED | ID: biblio-1508166

RESUMO

Introducción: Cuba se ubica en la actualidad entre los tres primeros países de América Latina con mayor envejecimiento poblacional y los pronósticos indican que en los próximos años estará al frente del listado. Objetivo: Reflexionar sobre las particularidades de los retos de la Ciencia de la Enfermería, en favor de una vejez saludable, sin violencia ni maltrato. Métodos: A través de la sistematización de literatura científica, se realizó un ensayo teórico, en el cuarto trimestre del año 2022, concebido como una argumentación reflexiva, al hacer una aproximación a los retos a afrontar por la Ciencia de la Enfermería, en favor de una vejez saludable, sin violencia ni maltrato. La búsqueda se realizó en las bases de datos SciELO, Redalyc, Lilacs, Medline PubMed, e-libro y Google Scholar, con las palabras clave "violencia"; "enfermería"; "anciano"; "maltrato al anciano". Se incluyeron artículos publicados entre 2017 y 2022 en idioma inglés, español y portugués. Para el análisis se utilizó el método análisis de contenido de Bardin. Conclusiones: Los profesionales de la Enfermería en su interacción con las personas son conscientes de los cambios, necesidades, expectativas y realidades de los adultos mayores en la actualidad. Cuba es un ejemplo en el avance de la promoción de los derechos humanos de las personas de la tercera edad a nivel mundial, por lo que se necesita un proceso de readaptación a las nuevas realidades, y ahí está el más grande de los retos a afrontar por la Ciencia de la Enfermería(AU)


Introduction: Cuba is currently among the first three countries in Latin America with the highest population aging and forecasts indicate that, in the coming years, it will be at the top of this list. Objective: To reflect on the particularities of the challenges faced by the nursing science in favor of a healthy old age, without violence or mistreatment. Methods: Through the systematization of scientific literature, a theoretical essay was carried out in the fourth quarter of the year 2022, conceived as a reflective argumentation, by making an approach to the challenges to be faced by the nursing science in favor of a healthy old age, without violence or mistreatment. The search was performed in the SciELO, Redalyc, Lilacs, Medline PubMed, e-book and Google Scholar databases, with the keywords Violencia [Violence], Enfermería [nursing], Anciano [elderly], Maltrato al anciano [elder mistreatment]. Articles published between 2017 and 2022 in the English, Spanish and Portuguese languages were included. Bardin's method was used for content analysis. Conclusions: Nursing professionals, in their interaction with people, are aware of the changes, needs, expectations and realities of older adults today. Cuba is an example regarding the advancement in the promotion of the human rights of the elderly worldwide, a reason why a process of readaptation to the new realities is needed; and therein lies the greatest challenge to be faced by the nursing science(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Violência , Enfermagem/métodos , Abuso de Idosos , Literatura de Revisão como Assunto , Bases de Dados Bibliográficas
2.
J. Health NPEPS ; 6(2): 1-14, dez. 2021.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, BDENF - Enfermagem, Coleciona SUS | ID: biblio-1349321

RESUMO

RESUMEN Objetivo:analizar el significado holístico de la seguridad del paciente como fenómeno esencial para el cuidado en la neuronavegación por imágenes. Método:este estudio se realizó entre los meses de julio a diciembre del 2020, en el Centro de Investigaciones Medico Quirurgicas, ubicado en el municipio Playa, en la Habana, Cuba. Las autoras se apoyaron en un enfoque cualitativo propiamente inductivo. Se realizó una triangulación teórica en primer lugar y en segundo lugar; hubo que recurrir a la entrevista en profundidad desde la teoria fundamentada. Resultados:la triangulación -la relación enfermera paciente como proceso interpersonal y terapéutico, otro resultado lo es el vínculo entre los valores éticos y espirituales de la enfermera y del paciente. Las debilidades que se identificaron en la triangulación: La débil explicación por parte de los profesionales de enfermería del proceder que se le va a realizar a los pacientes. Las entrevista a profundidad se ha comportado como elemento enriquecedor del estudio, al propiciar que las autoras asumieran el nombre de tratamiento quirurgicode tumores cerebrales con el uso del planificador. Conclusión:el cambio de la cultura de seguridad del paciente es un proceso en el cual los profesionales de enfermería juegan un papel protagónico.


ABSTRACTObjective: to analyze the holistic meaning of the patient's security as essential phenomenon for the care in the neuronavegación for images. Method:this study was carried out among the months of July to December of the 2020. In the Center of Investigations I Prescribe Surgical, located in the municipality Beach, in the Havana, Cuba. The authors leaned on in a properly inductive qualitative focus. He/she was carried out a theoretical triangulation in the first place, in second place; it was necessary to appeal to the interview in depth from the based theory. Results: the triangulation -the relationship patient nurse as interpersonal and therapeutic process, another result is it the bond among the nurse's ethical and spiritual values and of the patient. The weaknesses that were identified in the triangulation: The weak explanation on the part of the infirmary professionals of proceeding that he will carry out the patients. The interview to depth has behaved as enriching element of the study, when propitiating that the authors assumed the name of surgical treatment of cerebral tumors with the use of the planner. Conclusion:the change of the culture of the patient's security is a process in which the infirmary professionals play a protagonistic paper.


RESUMO Objetivo: analisar o significado holístico da segurança do paciente como fenômeno essencial para o cuidado na neuronavegação por imagens. Método: este estudio foi realizado entre os meses de julho a dezembro de 2020, no Centro de Investigações Médico Cirúrgicas, localizado no município de Playa, em Havana, Cuba. As autoras se apoiaram em um enfoque qualitativo propriamente indutivo. Realizou-se uma triangulação teórica em primeiro e segundo lugar. Recorreu-se a entrevista em profundidade a partir da teoria fundamentada. Resultados: a triangulação -a relação enfermeira paciente como processo interpessoal e terapêutico, outro resultado é isto o laço entre os valores éticos e espirituais do enfermeira e do paciente. As fraquezas que foram identificadas na triangulação: A explicação fraca por parte dos profissionais de enfermaria de proceder que ele levará a cabo os pacientes. A entrevista para profundidade se comportou como enriquecendo elemento do estudo, ao propiciar que os autores assumiram o nome de tratamento cirúrgico de tumores cerebrais com o uso do planejador.Conclusão:a mudança da cultura da segurança do paciente é um processo no qual os profissionais de enfermaria jogam um papel de protagonistic.


Assuntos
Avaliação de Processos e Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Garantia da Qualidade dos Cuidados de Saúde , Segurança do Paciente
3.
Rev. cuba. enferm ; 37(3)sept. 2021.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, BDENF - Enfermagem, CUMED | ID: biblio-1408284

RESUMO

Introducción: El cuidado de enfermería para satisfacer necesidades humanas es un proceso individualizado de atención a cada persona, a partir de una valoración que se apoya en el razonamiento clínico y contribuye a la toma de decisiones. Objetivo: Parametrizar los cuidados de enfermería para satisfacer necesidades humanas en personas con lesiones por quemaduras. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo-transversal en el servicio de Caumatología del Hospital Miguel Enríquez, La Habana, durante 2019. Universo 80 enfermeras asistenciales. Se parametrizó la variable cuidados para satisfacer necesidades humanas en personas con lesiones por quemaduras, fraccionada en tres dimensiones, ocho subdimensiones y 29 indicadores. Se aplicaron: observación, encuesta y entrevista y se utilizó el criterio de expertos para constatar la validez de los instrumentos, así como la triangulación metodológica para comparar los datos obtenidos. Se calculó media ponderada y coeficiente alfa de Cronbach para medir confiabilidad de los instrumentos. La comparación de proporciones se realizó mediante chi-cuadrado, considerándose un nivel de significancia para p < 0,05. Resultados: La subdimensión comunicación obtuvo media ponderada 1.49, modo de actuación 2.65, formación de valores 4.98 y ética 4.99, las subdimensiones: necesidades humanas, razonamiento clínico, toma de decisiones y juicio clínico obtienen nivel de desarrollo bajo. Las categorías NANDA-NOC-NIC mostraron deficiencias en el conocimiento inadecuado (47,50 porciento, 58,75 porciento y 66,25 porciento). Conclusiones: La parametrización realizada permitió avalar que los cuidados para satisfacer necesidades humanas en personas con lesiones por quemaduras tienen un nivel medio de desarrollo. Se identificaron problemas y potencialidades que justifican el desarrollo de una intervención de enfermería(AU)


Introduction: Nursing care is an individualized process of care for each person aimed at satisfying her or his human needs, based on assessment supported by clinical reasoning and contributing to decision-making. Objective: To parameterize nursing care aimed at satisfying human needs in people with burn injuries. Methods: Descriptive-cross-sectional study carried out, during 2009, in the burn service at Miguel Enríquez Hospital, La Habana. The universe was eighty healthcare nurses. The variable care for satisfying human needs in people with burn injuries was parameterized, divided into three dimensions, eight subdimensions and twenty-nine indicators. Observation, survey and interview were applied. The method of expert judgment was used to verify the instruments' validity, as well as methodological triangulation to compare the data obtained. Weighted mean and Cronbach's alpha coefficient were calculated to measure the instruments' reliability. Comparison of proportions was carried out using chi-square, considering a level of significance for P < 0.05. Results: The subdimension communication obtained a weighted mean of 1.49, with a mode of action at 2.65, formation of values at 4.98, and ethics at 4.99. The subdimensions human needs, clinical reasoning, decision-making and clinical judgment obtained a low level of development. The NANDA-NOC-NIC categories showed deficiencies associated to inadequate knowledge (47.50 percent, 58.75 percent, and 66.25 percent,, respectively). Conclusions: The parameterization carried out permitted to guarantee that the cares for satisfying human needs in people with burn injuries have a medium level of development. Problems and potentialities that justify the development of a nursing intervention were identified(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Enfermagem de Cuidados Críticos/métodos , Cuidados de Enfermagem/métodos , Estudos Transversais , Terminologia Padronizada em Enfermagem
4.
Horiz. enferm ; 32(1): 1-2, 2021.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, BDENF - Enfermagem | ID: biblio-1224414

RESUMO

Se brinda una visión actualizada de la situación de la pandemia de COVID-19 en Cuba, se hace referencia a los candidatos vacúnales anti-COVID-19,en la que científicos cubanos trabajan.


Assuntos
Humanos , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Vigilância Sanitária , Vulnerabilidade Social , Cuba , Vacinas contra COVID-19/classificação
5.
Arch. méd. Camaguey ; 24(6): e7671, oct.-dic. 2020. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1152898

RESUMO

RESUMEN Fundamento: la evaluación es uno de los términos más utilizados en salud pública, es una apreciación sistemática y objetiva de un proyecto, programa en curso o concluido, de su diseño, su puesta en práctica y resultados. Constituye un pilar imprescindible en el desarrollo de políticas de salud. Objetivo: brindar una herramienta para la evaluación del componente de participación comunitaria en el Programa Nacional de Prevención y Control de Leptospirosis Humana a nivel de la atención primaria de salud. Métodos: se realizó una investigación de desarrollo que permitió crear una guía para formular juicios de valor a partir de la comparación de los resultados con estándares establecidos. Se revisó el programa para selección de criterios normativos, se realizó un grupo nominal con directivos del Policlínico Universitario Hermanos Cruz para conocer los problemas que afectaban el proceso de las acciones de promoción y prevención con participación comunitaria en relación a la leptospirosis. Se aplicó encuesta para conocer: grado de satisfacción con los criterios, indicadores, estándares de estructura proceso y resultado para evaluar el componente de participación comunitaria. Se efectuó un taller y dos discusiones grupales, para consensuar los criterios de diez expertos, que permitió la confección de criterios, indicadores y estándares de las diferentes dimensiones. Resultados: la guía propuesta contó con 34 criterios, indicadores y estándares para evaluar las diferentes dimensiones en estructura, se consideraron los consultorios con médicos y enfermeras disponibles para ejecutar el programa,sepropuso el nivel de integración de instituciones y organismos, así como las actividades de capacitación para equipos de salud y comunidad, para el resultado se valoró: satisfacción de usuarios y disminución de indicadores de morbilidad y mortalidad por leptospirosis. Conclusiones: se ofrece una guía que permite la evaluación del componente de participación comunitaria en el programa a nivel de la Atención Primaria de Salud.


ABSTRACT Background: the evaluation is one of the most used terms in public health; it is a systematic and objective appreciation of a project, a program in course or finished, of its design, its implementation and its results. It is an essential tool in the development of health policies. Objective: to facilitate a tool for the evaluation of the community participation component in the National Prevention and Control Program of Human Leptospirosis at the level of Primary Health Assistance. Methods: a development research was done and it permitted the creation of a guide to formulate value judgments from the comparison of the results according to the established standards. For obtaining the information, it was reviewed program, for the selection normative criteria. A nominal group of managers of Hermanos Cruz University Polyclinic was carried out to know the problems that affected the process of promotion and prevention counting on community participation, related to leptospirosis.A survey, and interviews were made in order to know: criteria satisfaction degree, indicators, standards of structure, process and results to evaluate the component of community participation. A workshop and group discussions were made to make a consensus based of the expert criteria, for the making of the criteria, indicators and standards of the different dimensions. Results: the guide proposed had 34 criteria, indicators and standards to evaluate the different dimensions, in structure facilities with available doctors and nurses to execute the program were taken into account, in the process it was proponed the integration level of the institutions and organisms, as well as the upgrading activities for the health teams, community and organisms. For the result, satisfaction of internal and external users, as well as the decrease of morbidity and mortality indicators by leptospirosis was also valuated. Conclusions: the guide offered permits the evaluation of the community participation component in the national prevention and control program of human leptospirosis at the level of primary health.

7.
Rev. cuba. enferm ; 34(4): e1636, oct.-dic. 2018. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | CUMED, LILACS | ID: biblio-1126475

RESUMO

Introducción: La Atención Primaria Salud arriba en el presente año a sus 32 años de aplicación, por lo que resulta oportuno hacer frente al siguiente problema científico ¿Cómo contribuir al desarrollo del tutor de enfermería en la atención primaria de salud en Cuba? Objetivo: Identificar las funciones del tutor de enfermería en la atención primaria de salud en Cuba. Métodos: Revisión bibliográfica sistemática realizada en junio de 2016 para desarrollar un análisis crítico reflexivo del contenido de artículos publicados en español entre 2014 y 2016 disponibles las bases de datos Medline y SciELO, (Scientific Electronic Library Online), las palabras clave utilizadas por intermedio del aperador booleano AND fueron "tutor de enfermería", "atención primaria de salud". Los criterios de inclusión para la selección de los artículos fueron: adherencia a la temática, que presentaran de manera clara la metodología o referencial teórico seleccionado. Conclusiones: Se consideran funciones del tutor de enfermería las acciones o actividades que ejecuta en la atención primaria de salud para instruir y educar de forma integral a sus estudiantes en el arte y ciencia de Enfermería, que en atención a las diferentes aristas de su accionar se clasifican en: Educativa-Orientadora, Técnico-profesional (Asistencial), Pedagógico-didáctica, Científico-Investigativa, Superación y Gerencial. Se identifica como función principal del tutor de enfermería en la atención primaria de salud en Cuba la eficiente formación de recursos humanos, calificados como profesionales de enfermería(AU)


ABSTRACT Introduction: The primary health care will celebrate its 32th anniversary of application, so it is timely to face the following scientific question: How can one contribute to the development of the nursing tutor in the primary health care in Cuba? Objective: To identify the functions of the nursing tutor in the primary health care in Cuba. Methods: Systematic literature review made in June 2016 in order to develop critical and reflective analysis on the contents of articles published in Spanish from 2014 to 2016 and available in Medline and SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library on Line). The keywords were "nursing tutor" and "primary health care" by using Boolean operator AND. The inclusion criteria for selection of articles were adherence to subject, clear presentation of methodology or of selected theoretical reference. Conclusions: It is considered that the functions of the nursing tutor cover the actions or activities that he/she carries out in the primary health care to comprehensively instruct and educate his/her students in the art and science of nursing. According to the different edges of the tutor's work, these functions may be classified into educative-guiding, technical-professional (assistance), pedagogic-didactic, scientific-research, upgrading and managerial. The main function of the nursing tutor in the primary health care in Cuba is the effective formation of human resources as skilled nursing professionals(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Atenção Primária à Saúde/tendências , Mentores , Enfermagem de Atenção Primária/métodos , Aniversários e Eventos Especiais , Literatura de Revisão como Assunto , Bases de Dados Bibliográficas
9.
Rev. habanera cienc. méd ; 15(4): 0-0, jul.-ago. 2016.
Artigo em Inglês | CUMED | ID: cum-68794

RESUMO

Introducción: Los enfermeros y enfermeras cubanas deben tener conciencia de que su profesión constituye un sistema, históricamente formado de conocimientos ordenados cuya veracidad se comprueba y se puntualiza a diario en el curso de las investigaciones y la práctica de enfermería. Objetivo: Describir el nivel de evidencia empírica de la Teoría de Patricia Benner del principiante al experto. Material y Métodos: Este articulo es resultado de un estudio descriptivo observacional. En la confección del artículo se empleó el método de análisis y síntesis, el inductivo–deductivo, el histórico–lógico y el hipotético–deductivo. Se partió de un estudio cronológico donde se desglosó la estructura de la teoría y se explicó esta, tratando una por una sus proposiciones y elementos principales y se aplicó al problema que generó el artículo. Resultados: Patricia Benner ha desarrollado un compendio descriptivo e interpretativo del ejercicio de la Enfermería Clínica. Se brinda la oportunidad de considerar diferentes maneras de ver y hacer las cosas, lo que se asume como un estímulo al pensamiento; según opinión de los autores cuando se estudia la evolución laboral y profesional del Licenciado en Enfermería, se comprende cómo los cambios que se han ocasionado en el entorno laboral y social han sido influidos por factores tecnológicos, económicos, sociales y políticos. Conclusiones: La evidencia empírica sobre la Teoría de Patricia Benner es abrumadora; consideramos que ayuda a incrementar el conocimiento y la interpretación de la realidad al sistematizar y dar un orden al conocimiento(AU)


Introduction: Cuban nurses should be aware that their profession is a system historically constituted by an ordered knowledge whose veracity is checked and points out every day during the passing of research and nursing practice. Objective: To describe the level of empirical evidence of Patricia Benners theory; from the beginner to expert. Material and Methods: This article is the result of an observational - descriptive study. To write this article, were used the method of analysis and synthesis, inductive - deductive, historical - logical, the hypothetical - deductive. It starts with a theorys chronological study where the theorys structure was broken down, and explained, treating one by one the proposals and main elements of the theory, applying it to the problem that bring about this article. Results: Patricia Benner has developed a descriptive and interpretative compendium about clinical nursing. Patricia Benners theory; provides an opportunity to consider different ways of seeing and doing things, which is assumed as a stimulus to thought, in the opinion of the authors when it is studied the labor and professional progress of Nursings Bachelor, we understood how the changes that resulted in the labor and social environment are influenced by technological, economic, social and political factors. Conclusions: The empirical evidence of Patricia Benners theory; is overwhelming, we consider that helps to increase the knowledge and interpretation of reality and to systematize and give an order to knowledge(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Teoria de Enfermagem , Enfermagem/métodos , Enfermeiros Clínicos/educação , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Observacionais como Assunto
11.
Rev. cuba. enferm ; 31(3): 0-0, jul.-set. 2015.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, CUMED, BDENF - Enfermagem | ID: lil-797689

RESUMO

Introducción: a lo largo de su evolución como ciencia, uno de los problemas de la enfermería ha radicado en comprender los fundamentos ontológicos del cuidado y sus componentes teóricos para darle un sentido coherente y consistente como una ciencia humana. Objetivo: describir los elementos cualitativos que se presentan entre la teoría de Jean Watson: Filosofía y Ciencia de la asistencia y la inteligencia emocional. Métodos: partiendo del principio de que los conjuntos conceptuales son racionales y, por tanto, analizables desde el pensamiento lógico, por lo que el objetivo se logró por métodos teóricos, inductivo-deductivos específicamente histórico-lógico, de análisis-síntesis y sistémico-estructural-funcional. La búsqueda se realizó en las bases de datos: Medline ­ Lilacs ­ DARE y Biblioteca Cochrane. Se analizaron 10 factores que componen la teoría de Jean Watson y su vinculación con la inteligencia emocional; o sea, cada uno de estos factores tiene un componente fenomenológico dinámico relacionado con las personas a las que se les brindan los cuidados. Conclusión: cada uno de los elementos que se relacionan, en la Teoría de Jean Watson y la inteligencia emocional al ser contextualizado, implica la presencia de un proceso reflexivo, sistemático, controlado y crítico de su objeto, basado en el método científico que responda siempre a la búsqueda, planteamiento y solución de los problemas surgidos en la vida de los hombres. Cada uno de estos factores tiene un componente fenomenológico dinámico relacionado con las personas a las que se les brindan los cuidados(AU)


Introduction: along their evolution like science, one of the problems of the nurse has resided in understanding the ontological foundations of the care and their theoretical components to give a coherent and consistent sense to the nurse like a human science. Objective: describe the qualitative elements that are presented among Jean's Watson theory: Philosophy and Science of the attendance and the emotional intelligence. Methods: for the making of this article the theoretical method was used, of the principle that the conceptual groups that occupy us are rational and, therefore, analyzable from the logical thought, for what the achievement of the proposed objective was consummated specifically by theoretical, inductive-deductive methods the historical-logical one, of analysis-synthesis and systemic-structural-functional. The search for the making of this article was carried out in the following databases: Medline - Lilacs - Library of the Collaboration Cochrane. The 10 factors are analyzed that compose Jean's Watson theory and their linking with the emotional intelligence. In summary, each one of these factors has a component dynamic phenomenological related with people to those that are offered the cares. Conclusions: each of the items listed in the Theory of Jean Watson and emotional intelligence to be contextualized, implies the presence of a thoughtful, systematic, controlled and critical process of the object, based on the scientific method that always respond to search, analyze and solve the problems in the lives of men. Each of these factors has a phenomenological dynamic component related to the people who are providing care(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Bases de Dados Bibliográficas , Inteligência Emocional , Relações Enfermeiro-Paciente , Cuidados de Enfermagem/métodos
12.
Rev. cuba. enferm ; 31(3): 0-0, jul.-set. 2015.
Artigo em Espanhol | CUMED | ID: cum-64226

RESUMO

Introducción: a lo largo de su evolución como ciencia, uno de los problemas de la enfermería ha radicado en comprender los fundamentos ontológicos del cuidado y sus componentes teóricos para darle un sentido coherente y consistente como una ciencia humana. Objetivo: describir los elementos cualitativos que se presentan entre la teoría de Jean Watson: Filosofía y Ciencia de la asistencia y la inteligencia emocional. Métodos: partiendo del principio de que los conjuntos conceptuales son racionales y, por tanto, analizables desde el pensamiento lógico, por lo que el objetivo se logró por métodos teóricos, inductivo-deductivos específicamente histórico-lógico, de análisis-síntesis y sistémico-estructural-funcional. La búsqueda se realizó en las bases de datos: Medline Lilacs DARE y Biblioteca Cochrane. Se analizaron 10 factores que componen la teoría de Jean Watson y su vinculación con la inteligencia emocional; o sea, cada uno de estos factores tiene un componente fenomenológico dinámico relacionado con las personas a las que se les brindan los cuidados. Conclusión: cada uno de los elementos que se relacionan, en la Teoría de Jean Watson y la inteligencia emocional al ser contextualizado, implica la presencia de un proceso reflexivo, sistemático, controlado y crítico de su objeto, basado en el método científico que responda siempre a la búsqueda, planteamiento y solución de los problemas surgidos en la vida de los hombres. Cada uno de estos factores tiene un componente fenomenológico dinámico relacionado con las personas a las que se les brindan los cuidados(AU)


Introduction: along their evolution like science, one of the problems of the nurse has resided in understanding the ontological foundations of the care and their theoretical components to give a coherent and consistent sense to the nurse like a human science. Objective: describe the qualitative elements that are presented among Jean's Watson theory: Philosophy and Science of the attendance and the emotional intelligence. Methods: for the making of this article the theoretical method was used, of the principle that the conceptual groups that occupy us are rational and, therefore, analyzable from the logical thought, for what the achievement of the proposed objective was consummated specifically by theoretical, inductive-deductive methods the historical-logical one, of analysis-synthesis and systemic-structural-functional. The search for the making of this article was carried out in the following databases: Medline - Lilacs - Library of the Collaboration Cochrane. The 10 factors are analyzed that compose Jean's Watson theory and their linking with the emotional intelligence. In summary, each one of these factors has a component dynamic phenomenological related with people to those that are offered the cares. Conclusions: each of the items listed in the Theory of Jean Watson and emotional intelligence to be contextualized, implies the presence of a thoughtful, systematic, controlled and critical process of the object, based on the scientific method that always respond to search, analyze and solve the problems in the lives of men. Each of these factors has a phenomenological dynamic component related to the people who are providing care(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Cuidados de Enfermagem/métodos , Inteligência Emocional , Bases de Dados Bibliográficas , Relações Enfermeiro-Paciente
15.
Pharmacogenomics ; 13(15): 1711-7, 2012 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23171336

RESUMO

AIM: To describe for the first time CYP2C9 hydroxylation phenotype with CYP2C9 genotypes in a Hispanic (Ecuadorian) population using losartan; and the relevance of gender, tobacco, ethanol and caffeine consumption on the enzyme hydroxylation capacity. METHODS: Ecuadorian healthy volunteers (n = 194) received a single oral dose of 25 mg losartan. Losartan metabolic ratio was defined as losartan:E3174 concentration. CYP2C9 alleles *2, *3, *4, *5 and *6 were analyzed. RESULTS: No phenotypically poor metabolizers were found. The metabolic ratio (mean ± standard deviation) was higher (p < 0.05) in CYP2C9*1/*3 carriers (12.4 ± 13.8; n = 6) versus CYP2C9*1/*1 (4.9 ± 7.0; n = 167), as well as in females versus males (6.72 ± 9.72 and 3.76 ± 4.48, respectively; p < 0.05). Only the following genotypes, CYP2C9*1/*1, CYP2C9*1/*2 and CYP2C9*1/*3, were found with a frequency of 86.1%, 10.8% and 3.1%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Despite the mean metabolic ratio being higher in this population than in others previously studied across genotypes, no poor metabolizers, either phenotypically or genotypically, were found.


Assuntos
Hidrocarboneto de Aril Hidroxilases/genética , Hispânico ou Latino/genética , Losartan/metabolismo , Adulto , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/genética , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/metabolismo , Hidrocarboneto de Aril Hidroxilases/metabolismo , Cafeína/administração & dosagem , Café , Citocromo P-450 CYP2C9 , Feminino , Genótipo , Hábitos , Humanos , Hidroxilação , Masculino , Fenótipo , Polimorfismo Genético , Fatores Sexuais , Fumar/genética , Fumar/metabolismo , Adulto Jovem
16.
Drug Metabol Drug Interact ; 27(4): 217-33, 2012.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23093260

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Losartan is metabolized to losartan carboxylic acid (E-3174) by the polymorphic cytochrome CYP2C9. The aim of the study was to develop a high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method with fluorescence detection for simultaneously measuring losartan and its metabolite E-3174 in urine to evaluate the losartan urinary metabolic ratio (MR: losartan/E-3174) for CYP2C9 phenotyping in humans. METHODS: The compounds were separated in a reversed-phase chromatographic column and detected by fluorescence at a wavelength of 250 nm for excitation and of 370 nm for emission. RESULTS: No analytical interferences with endogenous compounds were found, and the extraction recoveries were over 88%. Limits of quantification of 2 ng mL-1 for losartan and 5 ng mL-1 for E-3174 were achieved, as well as good reproducibility with coefficients of variation of <9% in all cases. Analyses with the present HPLC method show significant differences (p<0.05) in losartan MRs between the four CYP2C9 genotype groups in 13 Spanish healthy volunteers. CONCLUSIONS: The method developed is simple and affordable, as well as sensitive and reliable to calculate the MR. Therefore, it appears to be useful for CYP2C9 phenotyping using losartan as a drug test in populations, such as Hispanics with different allele combinations.


Assuntos
Anti-Hipertensivos/urina , Hidrocarboneto de Aril Hidroxilases/genética , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Imidazóis/urina , Losartan/urina , Tetrazóis/urina , Adulto , Citocromo P-450 CYP2C9 , Feminino , Genótipo , Humanos , Hidroxilação , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fenótipo
17.
Eur J Clin Pharmacol ; 68(5): 637-44, 2012 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22083166

RESUMO

PURPOSE: Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) genotypes and the dextromethorphan/dextrorphan (DXM/DXT) metabolic ratio (MR), which is a marker of CYP2D6 activity, were studied in 118 unrelated healthy Ecuadorians. METHODS: Genotyping of CYP2D6 was performed by amplification of entire CYP2D6 gene by XL-PCR for CYP2D6*5 and multiplication alleles and by real time-PCR for CYP2D6 *2, *3, *4, *6, *10, *17, *29, *35, *41, and copy number. The plasma levels of DXM and its metabolite DXT were determined on a high-performance liquid chromatography-UV system. RESULTS: The proportions of non-functional alleles were 0.4, 10.6, 0.8, 2.1, and 0% for CYP2D6*3, *4, *4 × N, *5, and *6, respectively. Genotypically, only one of the subjects (0.9%) was homozygous for two inactive alleles and phenotypically classified as a poor metabolizer (PM). The MRs (mean ± standard deviation) corresponding to "activity scores" of 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 were 10.57 (n = 1), 1.63 ± 0.35 (n = 2), 1.16 ± 0.74 (n = 29), 1.00 ± 0.47 (n = 8), 1.24 ± 0.82 (n = 76), and 1.30 ± 0.32 (n = 2), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that only 1% of subjects of this Ecuadorian population were PMs and that none were phenotypically ultrarapid metabolizers, which is in agreement with previous findings in other Amerindian populations.


Assuntos
Antitussígenos/farmacocinética , Citocromo P-450 CYP2D6/genética , Dextrometorfano/farmacocinética , Polimorfismo Genético , Adolescente , Adulto , Alelos , Antitussígenos/sangue , Biotransformação , Citocromo P-450 CYP2D6/metabolismo , Dextrometorfano/sangue , Dextrorfano/sangue , Equador , Feminino , Dosagem de Genes , Frequência do Gene , Estudos de Associação Genética , Humanos , Hidroxilação , Masculino , Adulto Jovem
18.
Drug Metabol Drug Interact ; 26(1): 5-12, 2011.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21557672

RESUMO

Patients treated with antiepileptic drugs can exhibit large interindividual variability in clinical efficacy or adverse effects. This could be partially due to genetic variants in genes coding for proteins that function as drug metabolizing enzymes, drug transporters or drug targets. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the current knowledge on the pharmacogenetics of two commonly prescribed antiepileptic drugs with similar mechanisms of action; phenytoin (PHT) and lamotrigine (LTG). These two drugs have been selected in order to model the pharmacogenetics of Phase I and Phase II metabolism for PHT and LTG, respectively. In light of the present evidence, patients treated with PHT could benefit from CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 genotyping/phenotyping. For those under treatment with LTG, UGT1A4 and UGT2B7 genotyping might be of clinical use and could contribute to the interindividual variability in LTG concentration to dose ratio in epileptic patients.


Assuntos
Anticonvulsivantes/metabolismo , Fenitoína/metabolismo , Triazinas/metabolismo , Anticonvulsivantes/efeitos adversos , Anticonvulsivantes/uso terapêutico , Hidrocarboneto de Aril Hidroxilases/genética , Hidrocarboneto de Aril Hidroxilases/metabolismo , Citocromo P-450 CYP2C19 , Citocromo P-450 CYP2C9 , Epilepsia/tratamento farmacológico , Genótipo , Glucuronosiltransferase/genética , Glucuronosiltransferase/metabolismo , Humanos , Lamotrigina , Farmacogenética , Fenitoína/efeitos adversos , Fenitoína/uso terapêutico , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Triazinas/efeitos adversos , Triazinas/uso terapêutico
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