Illuminating Pathways to Dynamic Nanotribology: Light-Mediated Active Control of Interfacial Friction with Nanosuspensions.

Active control of nanotribological properties is a challenge. Materials responsive to external stimuli may catalyze this paradigm shift. Recently, the nanofriction of a thin film is modulated by light, ushering in phototribology. This frontier is expanded here, by investigating photoactive nanoparticles in lubricants to confer similar functionality to passive surfaces. Quartz-crystal microbalance (QCM) is employed to assess the phototribological behavior of aqueous suspensions of titanium dioxide nanoparticles. A comparison of dark and illuminated conditions provides the first demonstration of tuning the interfacial friction in solid-nanosuspension interfaces by light. Cyclic tests reveal reversible transitions between higher (dark) and lower friction (illuminated) regimes. These transitions are underpinned by transient states with surface charge variations, as confirmed by Zeta potential measurements. The accumulated surface charge increases repulsion within the system and favors sliding. Upon cessation of illumination, the system returns to its prior equilibrium state. These findings impact not only nanotribology but nanofluidics and nanorheology. Furthermore, the results underscore the need to consider light-induced effects in other scenarios, including the calculation of activity coefficients of photoactive suspensions. This multifaceted study introduces a new dimension to in operando frictional tuning, beckoning a myriad of applications and fundamental insights at the nanoscale.

Gel Biopolymer Electrolytes Based on Saline Water and Seaweed to Support the Large-Scale Production of Sustainable Supercapacitors.

Climate change and the demand for clean energy have challenged scientists worldwide to produce/store more energy to reduce carbon emissions. This work proposes a conductive gel biopolymer electrolyte to support the sustainable development of high-power aqueous supercapacitors. The gel uses saline water and seaweed as sustainable resources. Herein, a biopolymer agar-agar, extracted from red algae, is modified to increase gel viscosity up to 17-fold. This occurs due to alkaline treatment and an increase in the concentration of the agar-agar biopolymer, resulting in a strengthened gel with cohesive superfibres. The thermal degradation and agar modification mechanisms are explored. The electrolyte is applied to manufacture sustainable and flexible supercapacitors with satisfactory energy density (0.764 Wh kg-1 ) and power density (230 W kg-1 ). As an electrolyte, the aqueous gel promotes a long device cycle life (3500 cycles) for 1 A g-1 , showing good transport properties and low cost of acquisition and enabling the supercapacitor to be manufactured outside a glove box. These features decrease the cost of production and favor scale-up. To this end, this work provides eco-friendly electrolytes for the next generation of flexible energy storage devices.

Convolutional neural network misclassification analysis in oral lesions: an error evaluation criterion by image characteristics.

OBJECTIVE: This retrospective study analyzed the errors generated by a convolutional neural network (CNN) when performing automated classification of oral lesions according to their clinical characteristics, seeking to identify patterns in systemic errors in the intermediate layers of the CNN. STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional analysis nested in a previous trial in which automated classification by a CNN model of elementary lesions from clinical images of oral lesions was performed. The resulting CNN classification errors formed the dataset for this study. A total of 116 real outputs were identified that diverged from the estimated outputs, representing 7.6% of the total images analyzed by the CNN. RESULTS: The discrepancies between the real and estimated outputs were associated with problems relating to image sharpness, resolution, and focus; human errors; and the impact of data augmentation. CONCLUSIONS: From qualitative analysis of errors in the process of automated classification of clinical images, it was possible to confirm the impact of image quality, as well as identify the strong impact of the data augmentation process. Knowledge of the factors that models evaluate to make decisions can increase confidence in the high classification potential of CNNs.

Eco-friendly Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and its Application in Hydrogen Photogeneration and Nanoplasmonic Biosensing.

Environmentally friendly methods for silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesis without the use of hazardous chemicals have recently drawn attention. In this work, AgNPs have been synthesized by microwave irradiation using only honey solutions or aqueous fresh pink radish extracts. The concentrations of honey, radish extract, AgNO3 and pH were varied. AgNPs presented mean sizes between 7.0 and 12.8 nm and were stable up to 120 days. The AgNPs were employed as co-catalyst (TiO2 @AgNPs) to increase the hydrogen photogeneration under UV-vis and only visible light irradiation, when compared to pristine TiO2 NPs. The prepared photocatalyst also showed hydrogen generation under visible light. Additionally, AgNPs were used to assemble a nanoplasmonic biosensor for the biodetection of extremely low concentrations of streptavidin, owing to its specific binding to biotin. It is shown here that green AgNPs are versatile nanomaterials, thus being potential candidates for hydrogen photogeneration and biosensing applications.

Use of Artificial Intelligence in the Classification of Elementary Oral Lesions from Clinical Images.

OBJECTIVES: Artificial intelligence has generated a significant impact in the health field. The aim of this study was to perform the training and validation of a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based model to automatically classify six clinical representation categories of oral lesion images. METHOD: The CNN model was developed with the objective of automatically classifying the images into six categories of elementary lesions: (1) papule/nodule; (2) macule/spot; (3) vesicle/bullous; (4) erosion; (5) ulcer and (6) plaque. We selected four architectures and using our dataset we decided to test the following architectures: ResNet-50, VGG16, InceptionV3 and Xception. We used the confusion matrix as the main metric for the CNN evaluation and discussion. RESULTS: A total of 5069 images of oral mucosa lesions were used. The oral elementary lesions classification reached the best result using an architecture based on InceptionV3. After hyperparameter optimization, we reached more than 71% correct predictions in all six lesion classes. The classification achieved an average accuracy of 95.09% in our dataset. CONCLUSIONS: We reported the development of an artificial intelligence model for the automated classification of elementary lesions from oral clinical images, achieving satisfactory performance. Future directions include the study of including trained layers to establish patterns of characteristics that determine benign, potentially malignant and malignant lesions.

Use of Deep Neural Networks in the Detection and Automated Classification of Lesions Using Clinical Images in Ophthalmology, Dermatology, and Oral Medicine-A Systematic Review.

Artificial neural networks (ANN) are artificial intelligence (AI) techniques used in the automated recognition and classification of pathological changes from clinical images in areas such as ophthalmology, dermatology, and oral medicine. The combination of enterprise imaging and AI is gaining notoriety for its potential benefits in healthcare areas such as cardiology, dermatology, ophthalmology, pathology, physiatry, radiation oncology, radiology, and endoscopic. The present study aimed to analyze, through a systematic literature review, the application of performance of ANN and deep learning in the recognition and automated classification of lesions from clinical images, when comparing to the human performance. The PRISMA 2020 approach (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) was used by searching four databases of studies that reference the use of IA to define the diagnosis of lesions in ophthalmology, dermatology, and oral medicine areas. A quantitative and qualitative analyses of the articles that met the inclusion criteria were performed. The search yielded the inclusion of 60 studies. It was found that the interest in the topic has increased, especially in the last 3 years. We observed that the performance of IA models is promising, with high accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity, most of them had outcomes equivalent to human comparators. The reproducibility of the performance of models in real-life practice has been reported as a critical point. Study designs and results have been progressively improved. IA resources have the potential to contribute to several areas of health. In the coming years, it is likely to be incorporated into everyday life, contributing to the precision and reducing the time required by the diagnostic process.

Validação: Escala de avaliação do trabalho e comunicação interprofissional em prática simulada / Validation: Work assessment scale and interprofessional communication in simulated practice

Interprofessional work revolutionizes the model of health education and practice, and requires effective communication between team members. However, although it has been discussed for more than three decades, its introduction into health courses is still a challenge. To overcome such barriers, the use of clinical simulations allows for the insertion of and reflection on issues within the real practical context. The incorporation of instruments that guide the skills necessary for interprofessional work into the work of facilitators, such as the "Performance Assessment Tools for Interprofessional Communication and Teamwork ­ Novice" (PACT­Novice), is essential. Thus, this study aimed to translate and validate the construct's content and verify the reliability of the Brazilian version of the PACT-Novice instrument in a simulated context, among students in Brazil. This is a methodological study of translation, cultural adaptation, and validation of content and reliability of the instrument, divided into Phase A - Translation and cultural validation and Phase B - Validation and reliability of the instrument. In Phase A), after analyzing the judges' assessments of the translated version, the final version of the PACT-Students instrument was reached, with a CVI index of 95.0% for all items. For Phase B, the analysis of the set of items that make up the PACT-Students and their relationship with the construct resulted in a Cronbach's Alpha of 0.891. The process of translation and validation of the PACT-Students instrument was efficient, demonstrating high reliability for its application. However, further studies are suggested to reinforce the results obtained.

O trabalho interprofissional revoluciona o modelo de educação e da prática em saúde, exigindo uma comunicação eficaz entre os membros da equipe. Todavia, embora venha sendo discutido há mais de três décadas, sua introdução nos cursos da área de saúde ainda é um desafio. Para transpor tais barreiras, o emprego da simulação clínica permite a inserção e a reflexão sobre as questões do contexto prático real. A incorporação ao trabalho dos facilitadores de instrumentos norteadores das habilidades necessárias ao trabalho interprofissional, como a "Performance Assessment Tools for Interprofessional Communication and Teamwork ­ Novice" (PACT­Novice), é essencial. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo traduzir e validar o conteúdo de construto e verificar a confiabilidade da versão brasileira do instrumento PACT-Novice em contexto simulado, entre estudantes no Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo metodológico de tradução, adaptação cultural e validação de conteúdo e confiabilidade do instrumento, dividido em Fase A - Tradução e Validação cultural e Fase B - Validação e confiabilidade do Instrumento. Na Fase A) após análise das avaliações dos juízes da versão traduzida, chegou-se a versão final do instrumento PACT-Estudantes, com índice de CVI de 95,0% para todos os itens. Para Fase B, a análise do conjunto de itens que compõem a PACT-Estudantes e sua relação com o construto resultou em um Alpha de Cronbach de 0,891. O processo de tradução e validação do instrumento PACT-Estudantes foi eficaz, demonstrando alta confiabilidade para sua aplicação. Sugere-se, no entanto, novos estudos que reforcem os resultados obtidos

Peptides for Coating TiO2 Implants: An In Silico Approach.

Titanium is usually used in the manufacturing of metal implants due to its biocompatibility and high resistance to corrosion. A structural and functional connection between the living bone and the surface of the implant, a process called osseointegration, is mandatory for avoiding prolonged healing, infections, and tissue loss. Therefore, osseointegration is crucial for the success of the implantation procedure. Osseointegration is a process mediated by bone-matrix progenitor cells' proteins, named integrins. In this study, we used an in silico approach to assemble and test peptides that can be strategically used in sensitizing TiO2 implants in order to improve osseointegration. To do so, we downloaded PDB structures of integrins α5ß1, αvß3, and αIIbß3; their biological ligands; and low-cost proteins from the Protein Data Bank, and then we performed a primary (integrin-protein) docking analysis. Furthermore, we modeled complex peptides with the potential to bind to the TiO2 surface on the implant, as well as integrins in the bone-matrix progenitor cells. Then we performed a secondary (integrin-peptide) docking analysis. The ten most promising integrin-peptide docking results were further verified by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. We recognized 82 peptides with great potential to bind the integrins, and therefore to be used in coating TiO2 implants. Among them, peptides 1 (GHTHYHAVRTQTTGR), 3 (RKLPDATGR), and 8 (GHTHYHAVRTQTLKA) showed the highest binding stability during the MD simulations. This bioinformatics approach saves time and more effectively directs in vitro studies.

Titanium Dental Implants: An Overview of Applied Nanobiotechnology to Improve Biocompatibility and Prevent Infections.

This review addresses the different aspects of the use of titanium and its alloys in the production of dental implants, the most common causes of implant failures and the development of improved surfaces capable of stimulating osseointegration and guaranteeing the long-term success of dental implants. Titanium is the main material for the development of dental implants; despite this, different surface modifications are studied aiming to improve the osseointegration process. Nanoscale modifications and the bioactivation of surfaces with biological molecules can promote faster healing when compared to smooth surfaces. Recent studies have also pointed out that gradual changes in the implant, based on the microenvironment of insertion, are factors that may improve the integration of the implant with soft and bone tissues, preventing infections and osseointegration failures. In this context, the understanding that nanobiotechnological surface modifications in titanium dental implants improve the osseointegration process arouses interest in the development of new strategies, which is a highly relevant factor in the production of improved dental materials.

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus via dynamic light scattering using antibody-gold nanoparticle bioconjugates against viral spike protein.

Mass testing for the diagnosis of COVID-19 has been hampered in many countries owing to the high cost of genetic material detection. This study reports on a low-cost immunoassay for detecting SARS-CoV-2 within 30 min using dynamic light scattering (DLS). The immunosensor comprises 50-nm gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) functionalized with antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein, whose bioconjugation was confirmed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy (SERS). The specific binding of the bioconjugates to the spike protein led to an increase in bioconjugate size, with a limit of detection (LOD) 5.29 × 103 TCID50/mL (Tissue Culture Infectious Dose). The immunosensor was also proven to be selective upon interaction with influenza viruses once no increase in size was observed after DLS measurement. The strategy proposed here aimed to use antibodies conjugated to AuNPs as a generic platform that can be extended to other detection principles, enabling technologies for low-cost mass testing for COVID-19.

Validação: Escala de avaliação do trabalho e comunicação interprofissional em prática simulada / Validation: Work assessment scale and interprofessional communication in simulated practice

O trabalho interprofissional revoluciona o modelo de educação e da prática em saúde, exigindo uma comunicação eficaz entre os membros da equipe. Todavia, embora venha sendo discutido há mais de três décadas, sua introdução nos cursos da área de saúde ainda é um desafio. Para transpor tais barreiras, o emprego da simulação clínica permite a inserção e a reflexão sobre as questões do contexto prático real. A incorporação ao trabalho dos facilitadores de instrumentos norteadores das habilidades necessárias ao trabalho interprofissional, como a "Performance Assessment Tools for Interprofessional Communication and Teamwork ­ Novice" (PACT­Novice), é essencial. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo traduzir e validar o conteúdo de construto e verificar a confiabilidade da versão brasileira do instrumento PACT-Novice em contexto simulado, entre estudantes no Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo metodológico de tradução, adaptação cultural e validação de conteúdo e confiabilidade do instrumento, dividido em Fase A - Tradução e Validação cultural e Fase B - Validação e confiabilidade do Instrumento. Na Fase A) após análise das avaliações dos juízes da versão traduzida, chegou-se a versão final do instrumento PACT-Estudantes, com índice de CVI de 95,0% para todos os itens. Para Fase B, a análise do conjunto de itens que compõem a PACT-Estudantes e sua relação com o construto resultou em um Alpha de Cronbach de 0,891. O processo de tradução e validação do instrumento PACT-Estudantes foi eficaz, demonstrando alta confiabilidade para sua aplicação. Sugere-se, no entanto, novos estudos que reforcem os resultados obtidos.

Interprofessional work revolutionizes the model of health education and practice, and requires effective communication between team members. However, although it has been discussed for more than three decades, its introduction into health courses is still a challenge. To overcome such barriers, the use of clinical simulations allows for the insertion of and reflection on issues within the real practical context. The incorporation of instruments that guide the skills necessary for interprofessional work into the work of facilitators, such as the "Performance Assessment Tools for Interprofessional Communication and Teamwork ­ Novice" (PACT­Novice), is essential. Thus, this study aimed to translate and validate the construct's content and verify the reliability of the Brazilian version of the PACT-Novice instrument in a simulated context, among students in Brazil. This is a methodological study of translation, cultural adaptation, and validation of content and reliability of the instrument, divided into Phase A - Translation and cultural validation and Phase B - Validation and reliability of the instrument. In Phase A), after analyzing the judges' assessments of the translated version, the final version of the PACT-Students instrument was reached, with a CVI index of 95.0% for all items. For Phase B, the analysis of the set of items that make up the PACT-Students and their relationship with the construct resulted in a Cronbach's Alpha of 0.891. The process of translation and validation of the PACT-Students instrument was efficient, demonstrating high reliability for its application. However, further studies are suggested to reinforce the results obtained.

The Deposition of a Lectin from Oreochromis niloticus on the Surface of Titanium Dioxide Nanotubes Improved the Cell Adhesion, Proliferation, and Osteogenic Activity of Osteoblast-like Cells.

Titanium and its alloys are used as biomaterials for medical and dental applications, due to their mechanical and physical properties. Surface modifications of titanium with bioactive molecules can increase the osseointegration by improving the interface between the bone and implant. In this work, titanium dioxide nanotubes (TiO2NTs) were functionalized with a lectin from the plasma of the fish Oreochromis niloticus aiming to favor the adhesion and proliferation of osteoblast-like cells, improving its biocompatibility. The TiO2NTs were obtained by anodization of titanium and annealed at 400 °C for 3 h. The resulting TiO2NTs were characterized by high-resolution scanning electron microscopy. The successful incorporation of OniL on the surface of TiO2NTs, by spin coating, was demonstrated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIE), and attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectrum (ATR-FTIR). Our results showed that TiO2NTs were successfully synthesized in a regular and well-distributed way. The modification of TiO2NTs with OniL favored adhesion, proliferation, and the osteogenic activity of osteoblast-like cells, suggesting its use to improve the quality and biocompatibility of titanium-based biomaterials.

TiO2 nanotubes decorated with Au nanoparticles for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation under UV-Visible and Visible Light Irradiations.

The development of stable and active TiO2 nanotubes (NTs) decorated with plasmonic gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) represents a strategy for charge-transfer processes improvements. However, organic capping ligands used for Au NPs synthesis usually remain on the surface of the metal, leading to poor Schottky junctions between Au and TiO2. Herein, we report on the synthesis of a nanotubular matrix of TiO2 decorated with gold without the need of ligands. The Au NPs mean diameter (12 nm) was similar to all the samples prepared, no matter the metal loading. Such materials enabled to use the metal as a cocatalyst for photogeneration of H2under UV and visible light irradiations. We found an optimum metal loading (2.6 wt% Au) that enabled an improvement of 760% on the H2 production when compared to the bare TiO2 NTs under UV-Vis irradiation. In addition, such catalyst was able to perform photogeneration of H2 under visible irradiation, which was not conceivable before the metal immobilization over the TiO2 NTs. The yield obtained was comparable to the observed when the catalyst was used under UV-Vis conditions. The produced materials were fully characterized by UV-Vis, XRD, TEM, and SEM.

Implicações da prática clínica em atividades simuladas: satisfação e autoconfiança dos estudantes / Implications of the clinical practice in simulated activities: student satisfaction and self-confidence / Implicaciones de la práctica clínica en actividades simuladas: satisfacción y autoconfianza de los estudiantes

Introdução: a literatura demonstra que alunos que participam de atividades simuladas com experiência clínica prévia alcançam resultados menos positivos em simulação do que aqueles sem contato prévio com o campo clínico. Objetivo: identificar as implicações da prática clínica na satisfação e autoconfiança do estudante com atividades clínicas simuladas em medidas de conforto e higiene ao paciente usuário de fraldas descartáveis. Método: estudo quantitativo, quase-experimental realizado em uma universidade pública do interior do estado de São Paulo, no Brasil, utilizando dois instrumentos de avaliação da satisfação e autoconfiança do estudante com as práticas clínicas simuladas, a Escala de Satisfação e Autoconfiança no Aprendizado (ESAA) e a Escala de Satisfação com as Experiências Clínicas Simuladas (ESECS). Resultados: participaram do estudo 100 estudantes de graduação em Enfermagem. Alunos com experiência clínica anterior tiveram valores mais significativos no item "autoconfiança"; estudantes sem experiência clínica para o item "realismo" das escalas. Conclusão: a simulação clínica é enriquecedora do ponto de vista do aprendizado, satisfação e autoconfiança do estudante, mas não dispensa a prática clínica real dos estudantes em campo clínico.(AU)

Introduction: the literature shows that students who participate in simulated activities with previous clinical experience achieve less positive results in simulation than those without previous contact with the clinical field. Objective: to identify the implications of the clinical practice on student satisfaction and self-confidence with simulated clinical activities in comfort and hygiene measures for patients using disposable diapers. Method: a quantitative, quasi-experimental study conducted in a public university in the inland of the state of São Paulo, Brazil, using two instruments for assessing student satisfaction and self-confidence with simulated clinical practices: the Scale of Satisfaction and Selfconfidence in Learning (Escala de Satisfação e Autoconfiança no Aprendizado - ESAA) and the Scale of Satisfaction with Simulated Clinical Experiences (Escala de Satisfação com as Experiências Clínicas Simuladas - ESECS). Results: 100 undergraduate nursing students participated in the study. Students with previous clinical experience had more significant values in the "self-confidence" item, so did students without clinical experience for the "realism" item of the scales. Conclusion: clinical simulation is enriching from the point of view of student learning, satisfaction and self-confidence, but it does not dispense with the actual clinical practice of students in the clinical field. (AU)

Introducción: la literatura indica que los estudiantes que participan en actividades simuladas con experiencia clínica previa logran resultados menos positivos en la simulación que aquéllos sin contacto previo con el campo clínico. Objetivo: identificar las implicaciones de la práctica clínica para la satisfacción y la autoconfianza del estudiante con actividades clínicas simuladas en medidas de comodidad e higiene para pacientes que usan pañales desechables. Método: estudio cuantitativo, cuasiexperimental realizado en una universidad pública del interior del estado de São Paulo, Brasil, utilizando dos instrumentos para evaluar la satisfacción y la autoconfianza de los estudiantes con prácticas clínicas simuladas: la Escala de Satisfacción y Autoconfianza en el Aprendizaje (ESAA) y la Escala de Satisfacción con Experiencias Clínicas Simuladas (ESECS). Resultados: participaron 100 estudiantes de grado en enfermería. Los estudiantes con experiencia clínica previa obtuvieron valores más significativos en las escalas en "autoconfianza"; los estudiantes sin experiencia clínica en "realismo". Conclusión: la simulación clínica es enriquecedora desde el punto de vista del aprendizaje, la satisfacción y la autoconfianza, pero no prescinde de la práctica clínica real de los estudiantes en el campo clínico.(AU)

Physicochemical characterization, released profile, and antinociceptive activity of diphenhydraminium ibuprofenate supported on mesoporous silica.

The thermal, physical, and morphological properties of diphenhydraminium ibuprofenate ([DIP][IBU]) adsorbed onto mesoporous silica (SiO2-60 Šand SiO2-90 Å) from solution were determined. The thermal, physical, and morphological properties of [DIP][IBU] supported on silica were determined. The adsorption of [DIP][IBU] on the pores and surface of silica was proven by N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms. Additionally, release profiles were determined for all systems, and the antinociceptive activity of neat [DIP][IBU] and [DIP][IBU] supported on silica were determined. The interaction of [DIP][IBU] and silica was dependent on pore size, with the formation of a [DIP][IBU] monolayer on SiO2-60 and a multilayer on SiO2-90. The release profile was sustained and slow and dependent on the pore size of the silica, in which the smaller the pore size, the faster the release. The nociceptive evaluation showed that [DIP][IBU] presents a greater (99.21 ±â€¯0.85%) antinociceptive effect than the ibuprofen (46 ±â€¯4.3%). Additionally, [DIP][IBU] on SiO2-60 (90 ±â€¯5.8%) had a greater antinociceptive effect than on SiO2-90 (73 ±â€¯13.2%), which indicates that in vivo tests are in accordance with the in vitro experiments.

Cultura, ensino e aprendizagem da empatia na educação médica: scoping review / Cultura, enseñanza y aprendizaje de la empatía en la educación médica: scoping review / Culture, teaching and learning of empathy in medical education: scoping review

Este estudo teve o objetivo de identificar, na literatura, como a empatia é influenciada pelos diferentes fatores culturais no contexto de ensino e aprendizagem em saúde. Realizado por meio de scoping review , conforme a proposta de Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI), a busca foi realizada nas bases de dados PubMed, Lilacs, Scopus e Web of Science e executada entre o período de dezembro de 2017 a janeiro de 2018. Observou-se, pelas pesquisas, que os estudantes ocidentais têm maior nível de empatia quando comparados aos estudantes orientais. Além disso, há diferença na empatia entre diferentes etnias, raças, sexo e religião. Sua avaliação dá-se por meio de diferentes instrumentos. Assim, entre os fatores que influenciam a empatia, identificou-se a cultura como sendo um deles. São necessários novos estudos a fim de compreender da melhor forma a empatia entre as diversas profissões da saúde.(AU)

El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar, en la literatura, cómo la empatía sufre influencia de los diferentes factores culturales en el contexto de enseñanza y aprendizaje en salud. Realizado por medio de scoping review , conforme la propuesta del Joanna Briggs Institute , la búsqueda se realizó en las bases de datos PubMed, LILACS, SCOPUS y Web of Science y se realizó en el período de diciembre de 2017 a enero de 2018. Por los estudios se observó que los estudiantes occidentales tienen mayor nivel de empatía cuando comparados a los orientales. Además, hay diferencia en la empatía entre diferentes etnias, razas, sexo y religion. Su evaluación se realiza por medio de diferentes instrumentos. Por lo tanto, entre los factores que influyen en la empatía, se identificó la cultura como uno de ellos. Son necesarios nuevos estudios para comprender de la mejor manera la empatía entre las diversas profesiones de la salud.(AU)

This article aims to identify, along the literature, how empathy is influenced by several cultural factors in the context of health professionals' teaching-learning process .Performed as a scoping review study, as proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute, the search was performed in PubMed, LILACS, SCOPUS and Web of Science databases, between December 2017 and January 2018. It was observed, through the researches, that Western students have a higher level of empathy compared to Eastern students, so there is also a difference in empathy between different ethinicity, race, sex and religion. It's evaluated through different instruments. So, among the factors that influence empathy, culture was identified as one of them. Further studies are needed to better understand the empathy among the various health professions.(AU)

Empatia de estudantes de enfermagem em atividade clínica simulada / Empatía de estudiantes de enfermería en actividad clínica simulada / Empathy of nursing students in a simulated clinical activity

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar e avaliar a empatia de estudantes de enfermagem antes e após atividade clínica simulada. Método: trata-se de um estudo quantitativo e quase-experimental, realizado no interior do Estado de São Paulo. Fizeram parte do estudo 107 estudantes de graduação em enfermagem. Foi construído e validado um cenário de simulação clínica de média fidelidade. A empatia foi avaliada por meio do Inventário de Empatia antes e após a atividade clínica simulada. Resultados: houve mudanças positivas após a atividade clínica simulada nos componentes cognitivos da empatia e não houve mudanças, em partes, no componente afetivo da empatia. Conclusão: a atividade clínica simulada bem delineada em um cenário de simulação clínica validada foi capaz de melhorar o componente cognitivo da empatia, porém não foi passível de mudanças no componente afetivo da empatia, o qual transfigura em sentimentos de compaixão e altruísmo.

RESUMEN: Objetivo: Identificar y evaluar la empatía de estudiantes de enfermería antes y después de actividad clínica simulada. Método: estudio cuantitativo e cuasi experimental, realizado en el interior del Estado de São Paulo. Participaron del estudio 107 estudiantes de grado de enfermería. Se construyó y validó un escenario de simulación clínica de fidelidad media. La empatía se evaluó utilizando el Inventario de Empatía antes y después de la actividad clínica simulada. Resultados: hubo cambios positivos después de la actividad clínica simulada en los componentes cognitivos de la empatía mientras que no los hubo en el componente afectivo de la empatía. Conclusión: la actividad clínica simulada bien diseñada en un escenario de simulación clínica validado pudo mejorar el componente cognitivo de la empatía, pero no estuvo sujeta a cambios en el componente afectivo de la empatía, lo que se transfigura en sentimientos de compasión y altruismo.

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify and evaluate the empathy of nursing students before and after a simulated clinical activity. Method: This is a quantitative and quasi-experimental study, carried out in the inland of the state of São Paulo. 107 nursing students participated in the study. A medium-fidelity clinical simulation scenario was built and validated. Empathy was evaluated through the Empathy Inventory before and after the simulated clinical activity. Results: There were positive changes after the simulated clinical activity in the cognitive components of empathy and there were no changes, in parts, in the affective component of empathy. Conclusion: The simulated clinical activity, well outlined in a validated clinical simulation scenario, was able to improve the cognitive component of empathy but was not susceptible to changes in the affective component of empathy, which transfigures into feelings of compassion and altruism.

Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of silver nanoparticles on meristematic cells of Allium cepa roots: A close analysis of particle size dependence.

The use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in commercial products has increased significantly in recent years. However, findings on the toxic effects of the AgNPs are still limited. This paper reports an investigation on the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of the AgNPs on root cells of Allium cepa. Germination (GI), root elongation (REI), mitotic (MI), nuclear abnormality (NAI), and micronucleus index (MNI) were determined for seeds exposed to various AgNPs diameters (10, 20, 51, and 73 nm) as well as to the silver bulk (AgBulk) (micrometer-size particles) at the concentration of 100 mg·L-1. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) provided the particle size distribution, while dynamic light scattering (DLS) was used to get the hydrodynamic size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential of the AgNPs. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and inductively coupled plasma/optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) were applied for quantifying the AgNPs content uptake by roots. Silver dissolution was determined by dialysis experiment. Results showed that the AgNPs penetrated the roots, affecting MI, GI, NAI, and MNI in meristematic cells. Changes in these indicators were AgNPs diameter-dependent so that cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in Allium cepa increased with the reduction of the particle diameter. The results also revealed that the AgNPs were the main responsible for the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity since negligible silver dissolution was observed.

Implicações do uso de som e imagem na avaliação de debriefing / Implications of the use of sound and image in the evaluation of debriefing / Implicaciones del uso de imagen y sonido en la evaluación del debriefing

OBJETIVO: identificar a implicação da aplicação de recursos de som e imagem na avaliação de debriefing. MÉTODO: estudo quantitativo e experimental que inclui estudantes de graduação em Enfermagem com 18 anos ou mais, alocados de forma randomizada por grupo-intervenção (participação em debriefing com o uso de som e imagem) ou grupo-controle (participação em debriefing sem o uso de som e imagem), realizado em uma escola de Enfermagem do interior de São Paulo durante um workshop simulado, onde os alunos participaram de um cenário simulado de alta fidelidade. Para a coleta de dados foi utilizado o instrumento de caracterização sociodemográfica, a Escala de Experiência de Debriefing e a Avaliação de Debriefing associada à Simulação. Para análise dos dados foi utilizada estatística exploratória, com análise de frequência, porcentagem, teste de confiabilidade, análise amostral e teste de comparação de médias. RESULTADOS: participaram deste estudo 100 estudantes de graduação em Enfermagem. Apuraram-se valores elevados para a avaliação de debriefing e ressaltou-se a importância do papel do facilitador. No entanto, não se observaram resultados significativos para a avaliação de debriefing ao adicionar uma revisão de vídeo. CONCLUSÃO: estes resultados destacam a importância da reflexão durante a educação com base na simulação clínica e sugerem que a educação eficiente com simulação pode ser alcançada no debriefing mesmo quando a tecnologia de vídeo não está disponível.(AU)

Objective: identify the implication of the application of sound and image resources in the evaluation of debriefing. Method: a quantitative and experimental study that includes undergraduate nursing students aged 18 years and over, randomized by intervention group (participation in debriefing with the use of sound and image) or control group (participation in debriefing without the use of sound and image), carried out at a nursing school in the interior of São Paulo during a workshop simulated, where the students participated in a simulated hi-fidelity scenario. For the data collection, the sociodemographic characterization instrument was used, the Debriefing Experience Scale and the Debriefing Evaluation associated with Simulation. For analysis of the data, we used exploratory statistics, with frequency, percentage, reliability test, sample analysis and comparison test of means. Results: 100 undergraduate students in Nursing participated in this study. High values were determined for the evaluation of debriefing and emphasized the importance of the role of the facilitator. However, no significant results were observed for the evaluation of debriefing when adding a video review. Conclusion: these results highlight the importance of reflection during education based on clinical simulation and suggest that efficient simulation education can be achieved in the debriefing even when video technology is not available.(AU)

Objetivo: identificar la implicación del uso de recursos de imagen y sonido en la evaluación del debriefing. Método: estudio cuantitativo experimental que incluye estudiantes de grado de enfermería con 18 años o más, asignados aleatoriamente por grupo de intervención (participación en debriefing usando imagen y sonido) o grupo control (participación en debriefing sin imagen ni sonido) realizado en una escuela de enfermería del interior de San Pablo durante un taller simulado, donde los alumnos participaron de un escenario simulado de alta fidelidad. Para la recogida de datos se utilizó el instrumento de caracterización sociodemográfica, la Escala para la Evaluación del Debriefing y la Evaluación del Debriefing asociada a la simulación. Se realizó el análisis exploratorio de datos, con análisis de frecuencia, porcentaje, prueba de confiabilidad, análisis de la muestra y prueba de comparación de promedios. Resultados: participaron 100 estudiantes de grado de enfermería. Valores elevados para la evaluación del debriefing y realzaron la importancia del rol del facilitador. No se observaron valores significativos para la evaluación del debriefing al agregar la revisión de vídeo. Conclusión: los resultados muestran la importancia de la reflexión durante la educación y sugieren que la educación eficiente es factible con simulación en el debriefing aún no estando disponible la tecnología de video.(AU)

New strategy to obtain high surface area anatase nanotube/AuNP photocatalyst.

Anatase nanotubes with high surface area (ca. 350 m2 g-1), containing gold nanoparticles, were successfully obtained from trititanate nanotubes, prepared by a template-free hydrothermal method, and calcined at 450 °C. The high surface area and tubular morphology were attained due to the presence of ionic silsesquioxane, which acts as anti-sintering agent for titania during calcination process, by forming a thin silica coating between anatase nanotubes. Additionally, the ionic silsesquioxane also acts as stabilizing and adhesion agent for gold nanoparticles on the surface of anatase nanotubes. The influence of the ionic silsesquioxane on the morphological and textural properties of anatase nanotubes was studied in three different moments during the synthesis: before, after and before/after nanotubes were rolled up. The photocatalytic activity of the nanotube samples was evaluated by hydrogen generation showing remarkable enhancement in hydrogen production and stability of catalyst when compare with the bare anatase sample and commercial P-25.