Approach to the humerus and femur of the paca (Cuniculus paca, Linnaeus 1766).

The paca (Cuniculus paca, Linnaeus 1766) is a rodent species, typical of tropical regions. It is important that in addition to its commercial value as a protein source, it can be used as a scientific scope. The objective of this study was to describe the morphology of the thigh and the arm of the paca by anatomical and imaging methodology with radiography (X-ray), computed tomography (CAT scan) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to determine the surgical approach of the bones of these regions. It was concluded that the imaging study through X-ray, CAT scan and MRI are reliable methods for anatomical description of wild animals that have little known about their morphology. Finally, similarly to dogs, it was determined that lateral access is the best approach to the femoral diaphysis and the medial access is the best approach to the humerus diaphysis of the paca.

Ultrastructure of the adrenal gland of paca (Cuniculus paca, Linnaeus, 1766) in captivity / Ultraestrutura da glândula adrenal de paca (Cuniculus paca, Linnaeus, 1766) em cativeiro

Lowland paca (Cuniculus paca, Linnaeus, 1766) is a medium-sized rodent that belongs to the Brazilian fauna. Yet little information on its morphology is found in the specialized literature. Thus, the objective of the work was to study the morphology of the adrenal gland of paca by means of microscopic ultrastructure analysis. The adrenal gland secretes specialized substances in the body which promote biological functions of great importance and will provide valuable information to studies in comparative anatomy. Two (2) adult lowland pacas were used, male and female. Soon after death, the animals were positioned in the supine position; their abdominal cavities were opened by pre-retro umbilical and lateral incision followed by folding of the abdominal walls to expose the glands. The adrenal glands were removed; fragments were collected, fixed and prepared for ultrastructure observations using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy techniques. It was observed that the adrenal glands of the paca have divisions as well as the limits of the cortical and medullary region, as well as the subdivisions of the glomerulosa, fasciculated and reticulated areas of the cortical region as in other rodents. An ultrastructure of cells and their components also showed a lot of similarity to that already demonstrated in different rodents.

A paca (Cuniculus paca, Linnaeus, 1766) é um roedor de médio porte pertencente à fauna brasileira. Ainda assim, pouca informação sobre sua morfologia é encontrada na literatura especializada. Assim, o objetivo do trabalho foi estudar a morfologia da glândula adrenal da paca por meio da análise microscópica ultraestrutural. A glândula adrenal secreta no corpo substâncias especializadas que promovem funções biológicas de grande importância e fornecerão informações valiosas aos estu-dos de anatomia comparada. Foram utilizadas duas (2) pacas adultas, um macho e uma fêmea. Logo após a morte, os animais foram posicionados em decúbito dorsal; suas cavidades abdominais foram abertas por incisão pré-retro umbilical, seguida de rebatimento das paredes abdominais para expor as glândulas. As glândulas suprarrenais foram removidas; fragmentos foram coletados, fixados e preparados para observações ultraestruturais por meio de microscopia eletrônica de varredura e micros-copia eletrônica de transmissão. Observou-se que as glândulas supra-renais da paca apresentam divisões bem como os limites da região cortical e medular, bem como as subdivisões da glomerulosa, áreas fasciculadas e reticuladas da região cortical como em outros roedores. Uma ultraestrutura de células e seus componentes também mostrou muita similaridade com aquela já demonstrada em diferentes roedores.

Ultrastructure of the adrenal gland of paca (Cuniculus paca, Linnaeus, 1766) in captivity / Ultraestrutura da glândula adrenal de paca (Cuniculus paca, Linnaeus, 1766) em cativeiro

Lowland paca (Cuniculus paca, Linnaeus, 1766) is a medium-sized rodent that belongs to the Brazilian fauna. Yet little information on its morphology is found in the specialized literature. Thus, the objective of the work was to study the morphology of the adrenal gland of paca by means of microscopic ultrastructure analysis. The adrenal gland secretes specialized substances in the body which promote biological functions of great importance and will provide valuable information to studies in comparative anatomy. Two (2) adult lowland pacas were used, male and female. Soon after death, the animals were positioned in the supine position; their abdominal cavities were opened by pre-retro umbilical and lateral incision followed by folding of the abdominal walls to expose the glands. The adrenal glands were removed; fragments were collected, fixed and prepared for ultrastructure observations using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy techniques. It was observed that the adrenal glands of the paca have divisions as well as the limits of the cortical and medullary region, as well as the subdivisions of the glomerulosa, fasciculated and reticulated areas of the cortical region as in other rodents. An ultrastructure of cells and their components also showed a lot of similarity to that already demonstrated in different rodents.(AU)

A paca (Cuniculus paca, Linnaeus, 1766) é um roedor de médio porte pertencente à fauna brasileira. Ainda assim, pouca informação sobre sua morfologia é encontrada na literatura especializada. Assim, o objetivo do trabalho foi estudar a morfologia da glândula adrenal da paca por meio da análise microscópica ultraestrutural. A glândula adrenal secreta no corpo substâncias especializadas que promovem funções biológicas de grande importância e fornecerão informações valiosas aos estu-dos de anatomia comparada. Foram utilizadas duas (2) pacas adultas, um macho e uma fêmea. Logo após a morte, os animais foram posicionados em decúbito dorsal; suas cavidades abdominais foram abertas por incisão pré-retro umbilical, seguida de rebatimento das paredes abdominais para expor as glândulas. As glândulas suprarrenais foram removidas; fragmentos foram coletados, fixados e preparados para observações ultraestruturais por meio de microscopia eletrônica de varredura e micros-copia eletrônica de transmissão. Observou-se que as glândulas supra-renais da paca apresentam divisões bem como os limites da região cortical e medular, bem como as subdivisões da glomerulosa, áreas fasciculadas e reticuladas da região cortical como em outros roedores. Uma ultraestrutura de células e seus componentes também mostrou muita similaridade com aquela já demonstrada em diferentes roedores.(AU)

The macro and micro-structure of the celiac and cranial mesenteric ganglia in a long-lived rodent - paca (Cuniculus paca, Linnaeus 1766) / La macro y micro estructura de los ganglios mesentéricos celíacos y craneales en un roedor longevo - paca (Cuniculus paca, Linnaeus 1766)

SUMMARY: The celiac, cranial mesenteric and celiacomesenteric ganglia of the paca (Cuniculus paca) were found between the celiac and cranial mesenteric arteries. Two predominant patterns were found: isolated celiac and cranial mesenteric ganglion and the celiacomesenteric ganglion. At the microscopic level, the ganglia are constituted by an agglomeration of neurons surrounded by capsule of connective tissue. Most of these neurons had a single eccentric nucleus. Satellite cells and mast cells were found around the soma. The mast cells were also found ar ound blood vessels and in the capsule of the ganglia.

RESUMEN: Los ganglios celíacos, mesentérico-craneales y celíaco mesentéricos de la paca (Cuniculus paca) se encontraron entre las arterias celíaca y mesentérica craneal. Se visalizaron dos patrones predominantes: celiaca aislada y ganglio mesentérico craneal y ganglio celiaco mesentérico. A nivel microscópico, los ganglios están constituidos por una aglomeración de neuronas rodeadas por una cápsula de tejido conectivo. La mayoría de estas neuronas tenían un solo núcleo excéntrico. Se encontraron células satélites y mastocitos alrededor del soma. Los mastocitos también se encontraron alrededor de los vasos sanguíneos y en la cápsula de los ganglios.

The morphology of paca (Cuniculus paca) testis with high dose of letrozole an aromatase inhibitor / La morfología del testículo de paca (Cuniculus paca) con altas dosis de letrozol, un inhibidor de la aromatasa

SUMMARY: The study reported the influence of the high and acute dose of Letrozole on the testis morphology in paca (Cuniculus paca), an aromatase inhibitor that reduces the endogenous estrogen, the essential hormone for spermatogenesis. Morphological changes were observed in seminiferous epithelium with germ cells with apoptotic characteristics and presence of vacuoles and nuclei in pycnose.

RESUMEN: El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la influencia de una dosis alta de Letrozol en la morfología de los testículos de la paca (Cuniculus paca), un inhibidor de la aromatasa que reduce el estrógeno endógeno, la hormona esencial para la espermatogénesis. Se observaron cambios morfológicos en el epitelio seminífero con células germinales con características apoptóticas y la presencia de vacuolas y núcleos en picnosis.

Ovum pick-up and in vitro maturation in spotted paca (Cuniculus paca-Linnaeus, 1766).

We tested FSHp, eCG and FSHp + eCG to establish ovum pick-up (OPU) and in vitro maturation method in spotted paca. Eight healthy adult females were subjected to each of four treatments to stimulate ovarian follicular growth. All females were subjected to a hormonal protocol using a single dose of 45 mg of injectable progesterone and single intramuscular injection of 0.075 mg d-cloprostenol on day 6. Ovarian stimulation was carried out as follows: in Group TFE (FSHp and eCG), animals were treated with a single dose of 80 mg of FSHp and 200 IU of eCG intramuscularly on day 6 after the application of progesterone; in Group TF (FSHp), they were treated with a single dose of 80 mg of FSHp intramuscularly on day 6 after application of progesterone; in Group treatment eCG, they were treated with 200 IU of eCG intramuscularly on day 6 after application of progesterone; and in Group TC (saline solution), 1 ml of saline solution was administered to control does. The OPU was performed between 22 and 26 hr after gonadotropin treatments. All recovered oocytes were placed into maturation media and incubated for 24 hr. There were no differences among the mean number of observed follicles, aspirated follicles and oocytes recovered per treatment. Oocyte maturation rates did not differ among groups, except, TF and treatment eCG oocytes had greater maturation rates than TC oocytes. In this study, gonadotropin administration failed to superovulate treated does and increase oocyte retrieval efficiency. Despite the feasibility of the procedure, further studies are needed to develop and refine hormonal protocols for oocyte recovery and in vitro maturation in this species.

Fechamento epifisário do úmero, rádio e ulna da paca (Agouti paca) / Epiphyseal closure of the paca’s humerus, radius and ulna (Agouti paca)

Background: After the capybara, the Agouti paca is the largest rodent in the neotropical region, with a body weight that usually varies from 5 to 10 kg, but may reach up to 14 kg. Pacas reach sexual maturity at around 10 months of age. Recently, this species has been increasingly being subject of studies on tissue morphology, placentation, and experimental surgery. The time at which epiphyseal plates close varies according to each bone; some can close during intrauterine life, while some can persist for many years. The aim of this research was to examine, through radiography, the long bones of the thoracic limbs (humerus, radius, and ulna) of the paca, and correlate their epiphyseal closure times with the animal’s age. Materials, Methods & Results: Eight animals born in captivity were radiographically evaluated monthly from birth until 22 months of age. The animals were kept in stalls made of masonry, with an area of approximately 15 m2 . Each stall had one burrow with three internal interconnected sub-sections. Each stall housed one male and two or three females with microchip implants applied dorsally in the cervical region. The animals were fed rodent chow (1.0% of body weight per day) and fruits of the season (10% of body weight per day), which were offered daily in the afternoon. The animals were radiographed at the Division of Radiology of the Veterinary Hospital of the School of Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil. Craniocaudal and mediolateral views of the humerus, radius, and ulna were performed. Sedation was performed using meperidine (2.5 mg/kg) and diazepam (0.5 mg/kg) in a single intramuscular injection. For anesthesia, ketamine (20 mg/kg) and xylazine (1.5 mg/kg) were administered in leg muscles 10 minutes after sedation. The anesthesia used proved to be efficient for transportation, handling, and positioning of the animals for radiographic exams.[...]

Fechamento epifisário do úmero, rádio e ulna da paca (Agouti paca) / Epiphyseal closure of the pacas humerus, radius and ulna (Agouti paca)

Background: After the capybara, the Agouti paca is the largest rodent in the neotropical region, with a body weight that usually varies from 5 to 10 kg, but may reach up to 14 kg. Pacas reach sexual maturity at around 10 months of age. Recently, this species has been increasingly being subject of studies on tissue morphology, placentation, and experimental surgery. The time at which epiphyseal plates close varies according to each bone; some can close during intrauterine life, while some can persist for many years. The aim of this research was to examine, through radiography, the long bones of the thoracic limbs (humerus, radius, and ulna) of the paca, and correlate their epiphyseal closure times with the animals age. Materials, Methods & Results: Eight animals born in captivity were radiographically evaluated monthly from birth until 22 months of age. The animals were kept in stalls made of masonry, with an area of approximately 15 m2 . Each stall had one burrow with three internal interconnected sub-sections. Each stall housed one male and two or three females with microchip implants applied dorsally in the cervical region. The animals were fed rodent chow (1.0% of body weight per day) and fruits of the season (10% of body weight per day), which were offered daily in the afternoon. The animals were radiographed at the Division of Radiology of the Veterinary Hospital of the School of Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil. Craniocaudal and mediolateral views of the humerus, radius, and ulna were performed. Sedation was performed using meperidine (2.5 mg/kg) and diazepam (0.5 mg/kg) in a single intramuscular injection. For anesthesia, ketamine (20 mg/kg) and xylazine (1.5 mg/kg) were administered in leg muscles 10 minutes after sedation. The anesthesia used proved to be efficient for transportation, handling, and positioning of the animals for radiographic exams.[...](AU)

Vascularização arterial das glândulas tireóides em aves (Gallus gallus domesticus) da linhagem Hubbard / Arterial vascularization of the thyroid glands in birds (Gallus gallus domesticus) of Hubbard lineage

Arterial vascularization of the thyroid glands in birds (Gallus gallus domesticus) of Hubbard lineage. We studied the behavior of the arteries leading to the thyroid glands, addressing their number, origin and organization in 30 birds, Gallus gallus domesticus, strain hubbard by injection through the artery isquiádica right solution Neoprene latex 450 ruddy, fixation in aqueous 10% formalin through intramuscular, subcutaneous and intracavitary and subsequent dissection. The thyroid glands receive collateral arteries: common carotid, ascending esophageal common vagus nerve, ipsilateral vertebral ingluvial and trunk, and the left gland also receives collateral from the vertebral artery. The number of vessels ranging from 1 to 5 both antimeres. The right gland received 1 vessel in 1 case (3.33%), known thyroid artery, 2 vessels in 6 cases (20%) called cranial and caudal thyroid artery, 3-vessel disease in 11 cases (36.66%) called cranial thyroid arteries , middle and caudal 4 vessels in 9 cases (30%) called cranial arteries, middle cranial, middle, caudal and caudal and 5 vessels in 3 cases (9.99%) called cranial arteries, cranial average, average, average flow rate and flow . To the left gland found in vessel 1 1 cases (3.33%), two vessels in 8 cases (26.66%), 3 vessel in 10 cases (33.33%), 4 pots in 7 cases (23.33 %) and 5 pots in 4 cases (13.33%).

Estudou-se o comportamento das artérias destinadas às glândulas tireóides, abordando seu número, origem e ordenação em 30 aves, Gallus gallus domesticus, da linhagem hubbard mediante injeção através da artéria isquiática direita de solução de Neoprene látex 450 corado, fixação em solução aquosa de formol a 10% através de injeção intra-muscular, intracavitária e subcutânea e posterior dissecação. As glândulas tireóides recebem colaterais das artérias: carótida comum, esofágica ascendente, comum do nervo vago, ingluvial e tronco vertebral ipsilateralmente, sendo que a glândula esquerda recebe também colaterais provenientes da artéria vertebral. O número de vasos varia de 1 a 5 nos dois antímeros. A glândula direita recebeu 1 vaso em 1 caso (3,33%) denominada artéria tireóidea, 2 vasos em 6 casos (20%) denominadas artérias tireóidea cranial e caudal, 3 vasos em 11 casos (36,66%) denominadas artérias tireóidea cranial, média e caudal, 4 vasos em 9 casos (30%) denominadas artérias cranial, média cranial, média caudal e caudal e 5 vasos em 3 casos (9,99%) denominadas artérias cranial, média cranial, média, média caudal e caudal. Para a glândula esquerda encontramos 1 vaso em 1 casos (3,33%), 2 vasos em 8 casos (26,66%), 3 vasos em 10 casos (33,33%), 4 vasos em 7 casos (23,33%) e 5 vasos em 4 casos (13,33%).

Vascularização arterial das glândulas tireóides em aves (Gallus gallus domesticus) da linhagem Hubbard / Arterial vascularization of the thyroid glands in birds (Gallus gallus domesticus) of Hubbard lineage

Arterial vascularization of the thyroid glands in birds (Gallus gallus domesticus) of Hubbard lineage. We studied the behavior of the arteries leading to the thyroid glands, addressing their number, origin and organization in 30 birds, Gallus gallus domesticus, strain hubbard by injection through the artery isquiádica right solution Neoprene latex 450 ruddy, fixation in aqueous 10% formalin through intramuscular, subcutaneous and intracavitary and subsequent dissection. The thyroid glands receive collateral arteries: common carotid, ascending esophageal common vagus nerve, ipsilateral vertebral ingluvial and trunk, and the left gland also receives collateral from the vertebral artery. The number of vessels ranging from 1 to 5 both antimeres. The right gland received 1 vessel in 1 case (3.33%), known thyroid artery, 2 vessels in 6 cases (20%) called cranial and caudal thyroid artery, 3-vessel disease in 11 cases (36.66%) called cranial thyroid arteries , middle and caudal 4 vessels in 9 cases (30%) called cranial arteries, middle cranial, middle, caudal and caudal and 5 vessels in 3 cases (9.99%) called cranial arteries, cranial average, average, average flow rate and flow . To the left gland found in vessel 1 1 cases (3.33%), two vessels in 8 cases (26.66%), 3 vessel in 10 cases (33.33%), 4 pots in 7 cases (23.33 %) and 5 pots in 4 cases (13.33%).(AU)

Estudou-se o comportamento das artérias destinadas às glândulas tireóides, abordando seu número, origem e ordenação em 30 aves, Gallus gallus domesticus, da linhagem hubbard mediante injeção através da artéria isquiática direita de solução de Neoprene látex 450 corado, fixação em solução aquosa de formol a 10% através de injeção intra-muscular, intracavitária e subcutânea e posterior dissecação. As glândulas tireóides recebem colaterais das artérias: carótida comum, esofágica ascendente, comum do nervo vago, ingluvial e tronco vertebral ipsilateralmente, sendo que a glândula esquerda recebe também colaterais provenientes da artéria vertebral. O número de vasos varia de 1 a 5 nos dois antímeros. A glândula direita recebeu 1 vaso em 1 caso (3,33%) denominada artéria tireóidea, 2 vasos em 6 casos (20%) denominadas artérias tireóidea cranial e caudal, 3 vasos em 11 casos (36,66%) denominadas artérias tireóidea cranial, média e caudal, 4 vasos em 9 casos (30%) denominadas artérias cranial, média cranial, média caudal e caudal e 5 vasos em 3 casos (9,99%) denominadas artérias cranial, média cranial, média, média caudal e caudal. Para a glândula esquerda encontramos 1 vaso em 1 casos (3,33%), 2 vasos em 8 casos (26,66%), 3 vasos em 10 casos (33,33%), 4 vasos em 7 casos (23,33%) e 5 vasos em 4 casos (13,33%).(AU)

Conventional and doppler abdominal ultrasonography in pacas (Cuniculus paca)

Background: The first report of ultrasound evaluation in pacas was for gestational diagnosis and monitoring. However,there are no reports of the use of this technique for the evaluation of abdominal structure in pacas. Elucidating the biologyof wild species is important for preservation and potential use as experimental models for human and animal research. Assuch, this study aimed to describe an ultrasonographic view of major abdominal organs and determine the vascular indicesof abdominal aorta and renal arteries in pacas (Cuniculus paca) by Doppler mode.Materials, Methods & Results: Fifteen adult females with a mean weight of nine kilograms were positioned into dorsal orlateral recumbency. A specific gel was applied, and transabdominal ultrasound examination was performed by a single experienced evaluator using MyLab 30 VET ultrasound equipment (ESAOTE, Italy) with 7.5 and 10.0 MHz linear transducers.Anatomy, biometry and ultrasonographic findings, such as ecogenicity, echotexture and wall thickness of main abdominalorgans (bladder, kidneys, adrenals, spleen, liver, digestive system and ovaries), were assessed during the ultrasound scan.Doppler ultrasound was used to determine the peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV), resistance index (RI = [PSV - EDV]/PSV) and pulsatility index (PI = [PSV - EDV]/mean velocity) of the abdominal aorta and renalarteries. The animals were healthy based on physical examination, hemogram and biochemical profile. Furthermore, wedetermined that the ultrasound technique for abdominal evaluation of these animals was feasible. Major abdominal organswere accessed using conventional ultrasonography biometric values and sonographic characteristics. Doppler examinationwas used to determine mean vascular indices of the abdominal aorta and the left and right renal arteries...

Conventional and doppler abdominal ultrasonography in pacas (Cuniculus paca)

Background: The first report of ultrasound evaluation in pacas was for gestational diagnosis and monitoring. However,there are no reports of the use of this technique for the evaluation of abdominal structure in pacas. Elucidating the biologyof wild species is important for preservation and potential use as experimental models for human and animal research. Assuch, this study aimed to describe an ultrasonographic view of major abdominal organs and determine the vascular indicesof abdominal aorta and renal arteries in pacas (Cuniculus paca) by Doppler mode.Materials, Methods & Results: Fifteen adult females with a mean weight of nine kilograms were positioned into dorsal orlateral recumbency. A specific gel was applied, and transabdominal ultrasound examination was performed by a single experienced evaluator using MyLab 30 VET ultrasound equipment (ESAOTE, Italy) with 7.5 and 10.0 MHz linear transducers.Anatomy, biometry and ultrasonographic findings, such as ecogenicity, echotexture and wall thickness of main abdominalorgans (bladder, kidneys, adrenals, spleen, liver, digestive system and ovaries), were assessed during the ultrasound scan.Doppler ultrasound was used to determine the peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV), resistance index (RI = [PSV - EDV]/PSV) and pulsatility index (PI = [PSV - EDV]/mean velocity) of the abdominal aorta and renalarteries. The animals were healthy based on physical examination, hemogram and biochemical profile. Furthermore, wedetermined that the ultrasound technique for abdominal evaluation of these animals was feasible. Major abdominal organswere accessed using conventional ultrasonography biometric values and sonographic characteristics. Doppler examinationwas used to determine mean vascular indices of the abdominal aorta and the left and right renal arteries...(AU)

Aplicação da membrana de látex natural e do extrato da pele de rã (Lithobates catesbiana) em feridas cirúrgicas cutâneas de ratos Wistar / Application of natural latex membrane and extract of frog skin (Lithobates catesbiana) (Shaw, 1802) in cutaneous surgical wounds of Wistar rats

Implantou-se a membrana de látex natural e o extrato da pele de rã individualmente e em conjunto em feridas cutâneas de ratos com o intuito de se avaliar o processo de reparação tecidual e possíveis complicações. Utilizaram-se 60 ratos da linhagem Wistar divididos em grupos experimentais: grupo controle (GC), grupo membrana de látex (GM), grupo óleo do extrato da pele de rã (GO) e grupo membrana de látex e óleo de rã (GMO), cada um com 15 animais. Aos três, cinco, sete, 14 e 21 dias de pós-operatório, foi realizada eutanásia dos animais para avaliações macroscópicas e histológicas da região lesionada. Nas feridas dos animais do GM e do GC a cicatrização ocorreu mais cedo. No último tempo de avaliação, o sinal de lesão era mínimo; já no GMO, a cicatrização não foi completa e no GO a ferida teve o pior resultado, com presença de crosta no 21º dia. Foram observadas, à microscopia de luz, células normais envolvidas no processo de reparação tecidual e formação de neovasos em todos os grupos. Conclui-se que em todos os grupos não houve rejeição dos biomateriais testados. Todavia, o grupo GM proporcionou melhor cicatrização com menos efeitos adversos quando comparada aos demais grupos testados.

In this study, the membrane of the natural latex and extract of the skin frog, isolated and together, where implanted to replace a cutaneous in the mice, with purpose for evaluating the tissue repair process and possible complication. Sixty Wistar rats ere divided in four experimental groups: control group (GC), membrane of the latex group (GM), oil of the frog group (GO) and group membrane of latex with oil of the frog group (GMO), each one with 15 animals. The animals were euthanized at three, five, seven, 14 and 21 days post-operative, followed by macroscopic and microscopic evaluations of the area of the lesion. In the wounds of the GM and GC, healing occurred earlier, in the latter evaluation time the signal was minimal injury, in the GMO healing was not complete and the wound GO had the worst outcome with presence of crust on the 21st day. There were observed by microscopic, normal cells involved in the tissue repair process and neovascularization in all groups. We conclude that in all groups there was no rejection of the biomaterials tested, however the GM group gave better healing with fewer adverse effects when compared to the other groups tested.

Aplicação da membrana de látex natural e do extrato da pele de rã (Lithobates catesbiana) em feridas cirúrgicas cutâneas de ratos Wistar / Application of natural latex membrane and extract of frog skin (Lithobates catesbiana) (Shaw, 1802) in cutaneous surgical wounds of Wistar rats

Implantou-se a membrana de látex natural e o extrato da pele de rã individualmente e em conjunto em feridas cutâneas de ratos com o intuito de se avaliar o processo de reparação tecidual e possíveis complicações. Utilizou-se 60 ratos da linhagem Wistar divididos em grupos experimentais: grupo controle (GC), grupo membrana de látex (GM), grupo óleo do extrato da pele de rã (GO) e grupo membrana de látex e óleo de rã (GMO), cada um com 15 animais. Aos três, cinco, sete, 14 e 21 dias de pós-operatório, foi realizada eutanásia dos animais para avaliações macroscópicas e histológicas da região lesionada. Nas feridas dos animais do GM e do GC a cicatrização ocorreu mais cedo, no último tempo de avaliação o sinal de lesão era mínimo, já no GMO, a cicatrização não foi completa e no GO a ferida teve o pior resultado, com presença de crosta no 21º dia. Foram observadas, à microscopia de luz, células normais envolvidas no processo de reparação tecidual e formação de neovasos em todos os grupos.  Conclui-se que em todos os grupos não houve rejeição dos biomateriais testados, todavia o grupo GM proporcionou melhor cicatrização com menos efeitos adversos quando comparada aos demais grupos testados.

In this study, the membrane of the natural latex and extract of the skin frog, isolated and together, where implanted to replacea cutaneous in the mice, with purpose for evaluating the tissue repair process and possible complication. Sixty Wistar rats eredivided in four experimental groups: control group (GC), membrane of the latex group (GM), oil of the frog group (GO) and groupmembrane of latex with oil of the frog group (GMO), each one with 15 animals. The animals were euthanized at three, five, seven,14 and 21 days post-operative, followed by macroscopic and microscopic evaluations of the area of the lesion. In the wounds ofthe GM and GC, healing occurred earlier, in the latter evaluation time the signal was minimal injury, in the GMO healing was notcomplete and the wound GO had the worst outcome with presence of crust on the 21st day. There were observed by microscopic,normal cells involved in the tissue repair process and neovascularization in all groups. We conclude that in all groups there wasno rejection of the biomaterials tested, however the GM group gave better healing with fewer adverse effects when compared to the other groups tested.

Aplicação da membrana de látex natural e do extrato da pele de rã (Lithobates catesbiana) em feridas cirúrgicas cutâneas de ratos Wistar / Application of natural latex membrane and extract of frog skin (Lithobates catesbiana) (Shaw, 1802) in cutaneous surgical wounds of Wistar rats

Implantou-se a membrana de látex natural e o extrato da pele de rã individualmente e em conjunto em feridas cutâneas de ratos com o intuito de se avaliar o processo de reparação tecidual e possíveis complicações. Utilizou-se 60 ratos da linhagem Wistar divididos em grupos experimentais: grupo controle (GC), grupo membrana de látex (GM), grupo óleo do extrato da pele de rã (GO) e grupo membrana de látex e óleo de rã (GMO), cada um com 15 animais. Aos três, cinco, sete, 14 e 21 dias de pós-operatório, foi realizada eutanásia dos animais para avaliações macroscópicas e histológicas da região lesionada. Nas feridas dos animais do GM e do GC a cicatrização ocorreu mais cedo, no último tempo de avaliação o sinal de lesão era mínimo, já no GMO, a cicatrização não foi completa e no GO a ferida teve o pior resultado, com presença de crosta no 21º dia. Foram observadas, à microscopia de luz, células normais envolvidas no processo de reparação tecidual e formação de neovasos em todos os grupos.  Conclui-se que em todos os grupos não houve rejeição dos biomateriais testados, todavia o grupo GM proporcionou melhor cicatrização com menos efeitos adversos quando comparada aos demais grupos testados.(AU)

In this study, the membrane of the natural latex and extract of the skin frog, isolated and together, where implanted to replacea cutaneous in the mice, with purpose for evaluating the tissue repair process and possible complication. Sixty Wistar rats eredivided in four experimental groups: control group (GC), membrane of the latex group (GM), oil of the frog group (GO) and groupmembrane of latex with oil of the frog group (GMO), each one with 15 animals. The animals were euthanized at three, five, seven,14 and 21 days post-operative, followed by macroscopic and microscopic evaluations of the area of the lesion. In the wounds ofthe GM and GC, healing occurred earlier, in the latter evaluation time the signal was minimal injury, in the GMO healing was notcomplete and the wound GO had the worst outcome with presence of crust on the 21st day. There were observed by microscopic,normal cells involved in the tissue repair process and neovascularization in all groups. We conclude that in all groups there wasno rejection of the biomaterials tested, however the GM group gave better healing with fewer adverse effects when compared to the other groups tested.(AU)

Osteossíntese de corpo de ílio com placa bloqueada e estabilização de luxação sacroilíaca com parafuso compressivo - relato de caso / Osteosynthesis of the iliac body with locking plate and stabilization of sacroiliac luxation with locking screw - case report

As fraturas de pelve causadas por acidentes automobilísticos possuem alta prevalência em cães e muitas técnicas cirúrgicas para sua correção já foram descritas. Objetivou-se descrever o caso de um canino da raça Poodle, fêmea, quatro anos, pesando 5 kg, com fratura de corpo de ílio e luxação sacroilíaca submetida ao tratamento cirúrgico com placa bloqueada e parafuso compressivo, respectivamente. Após dois dias do acidente automobilístico, a paciente foi atendida, radiografada e diagnosticada com fratura múltipla de pelve. A osteossíntese do corpo do ílio direito foi realizada com o uso de placa bloqueada e a luxação sacroíliaca esquerda foi corrigida com parafuso compressivo. A paciente foi avaliada clinicamente e radiograficamente durante a consolidação óssea que ocorreu aos 52 dias de pós-operatório. Conclui-se que no presente relato, as técnicas utilizadas apresentaram bons resultados com boa estabilização da fratura e luxação até a cicatrização óssea com rápido retorno funcional do membro.

Pelvic fractures caused by automobile accident have a high rate in dogs and have many surgical treatment options. The aim of this study was to describe the case of a female canine, four year Poodle, weighing five kilograms that was diagnosed with fracture of the iliac body and sacroiliac luxation and submitted to surgical treatment with locking plate and lag screw, respectively. After two days from the automobile accident, the patient was assisted, radiograph exams were required and multiple pelvic fracture with fracture of the right iliac body and left sacroiliac luxation was diagnosed. Osteosynthesis of the right iliac body with locking plate was performed for stabilization of the fracture and a lag screw was used to correct the left sacroiliac luxation. The patient was clinically and radiographically evaluatedduring the bone healing period, which ocurred 52 days after surgery. It was concluded, in this present case, that the techniques presented good results, with good stabilization of the fracture/ luxation and rapid return to function and mobility.

Osteossíntese de corpo de ílio com placa bloqueada e estabilização de luxação sacroilíaca com parafuso compressivo - relato de caso / Osteosynthesis of the iliac body with locking plate and stabilization of sacroiliac luxation with locking screw - case report

As fraturas de pelve causadas por acidentes automobilísticos possuem alta prevalência em cães e muitas técnicas cirúrgicas para sua correção já foram descritas. Objetivou-se descrever o caso de um canino da raça Poodle, fêmea, quatro anos, pesando 5 kg, com fratura de corpo de ílio e luxação sacroilíaca submetida ao tratamento cirúrgico com placa bloqueada e parafuso compressivo, respectivamente. Após dois dias do acidente automobilístico, a paciente foi atendida, radiografada e diagnosticada com fratura múltipla de pelve. A osteossíntese do corpo do ílio direito foi realizada com o uso de placa bloqueada e a luxação sacroíliaca esquerda foi corrigida com parafuso compressivo. A paciente foi avaliada clinicamente e radiograficamente durante a consolidação óssea que ocorreu aos 52 dias de pós-operatório. Conclui-se que no presente relato, as técnicas utilizadas apresentaram bons resultados com boa estabilização da fratura e luxação até a cicatrização óssea com rápido retorno funcional do membro.AU

Pelvic fractures caused by automobile accident have a high rate in dogs and have many surgical treatment options. The aim of this study was to describe the case of a female canine, four year Poodle, weighing five kilograms that was diagnosed with fracture of the iliac body and sacroiliac luxation and submitted to surgical treatment with locking plate and lag screw, respectively. After two days from the automobile accident, the patient was assisted, radiograph exams were required and multiple pelvic fracture with fracture of the right iliac body and left sacroiliac luxation was diagnosed. Osteosynthesis of the right iliac body with locking plate was performed for stabilization of the fracture and a lag screw was used to correct the left sacroiliac luxation. The patient was clinically and radiographically evaluatedduring the bone healing period, which ocurred 52 days after surgery. It was concluded, in this present case, that the techniques presented good results, with good stabilization of the fracture/ luxation and rapid return to function and mobility.AU

Propriedades tensiométricas do peritônio da paca (Cuniculus paca) a fresco e conservado em glicerina 98 por cento / Tensiometer peritoneum properties of the paca (Cuniculus paca) fresh and preserved in glycerin 98 por cento

In constant searching for alternative biological material to perform implants and new options of experimental animal models, the objective of this investigation was to describe the mechanical properties of the peritoneum paca (Cuniculus paca Linnaeus, 1766) fresh and preserved in 98% glycerin. Samples of fresh and preserved in glycerin for periods of 30, 60 and 90 days were subjected to mechanical tests. Four adult animals, male or female, with mean body weight of eight kilograms, were used for collecting samples of the peritoneum. All tissues preserved in glycerin 98% showed a decrease in stiffness and increase in ductility and toughness. Considering the maximum force applied to the peritoneum, significant increase was observed in values (p<0.01) of samples stored for 60 and 90 days when compared to fresh material. In relation to the stretch variable, an increase was observed in all storage time of glycerin samples, verifying significant difference (p<0,01) when compared with the fresh samples. The variable area also showed significance (p <0.01) between the values of the fresh samples (5.40 mm²) and preserved in the glycerin by periods of 30 days (4.50 mm²), 60 days (9.00 mm²) and 90 days (7.20 mm²), thus indicating that the area of this membrane increased by 0.033 mm² per day. Generally, it was concluded that the 98% glycerin is a substance effective for the preservation of the peritoneum of the agouti paca, therefore improves its mechanical properties allowing the support membranes greater deformation forces. Thus, the results obtained in mechanical tests of the peritoneum of paca suggest its use as an alternative biological material.

Na busca constante, tanto de material biológico alternativo para a realização de implantes, quanto de novas opções de modelos de experimentação animal, o objetivo desta investigação foi descrever o comportamento mecânico do peritônio da paca (Cuniculus paca Linnaeus, 1766) a fresco e conservado em glicerina a 98%. Amostras frescas e conservadas em glicerina por períodos de 30, 60 e 90 dias foram submetidas a testes mecânicos de tração. Quatro animais adultos, três machos e uma fêmeas, com peso corporal médio de oito quilogramas, foram utilizados para colheita das amostras de peritônio. Todos os tecidos conservados em glicerina a 98% apresentaram diminuição na rigidez e aumento na ductibilidade e tenacidade. Considerando-se a força máxima aplicada ao peritônio, evidenciou-se aumento significativo nos valores (p<0,01) das amostras conservadas por 60 e 90 dias, quando comparado ao material a fresco. Com relação a variável alongamento, notou-se aumento nos valores relativos aos materiais em glicerina em todos os tempos de conservação, verificando-se diferença significativa (p<0,01) entre os valores das amostras a fresco. A variável área também se apresentou significativa (p<0,01) entre os valores das amostras a fresco (5,40 mm²) e os preservados em glicerina pelos períodos de 30 dias (4,50 mm²), 60 dias (9,00 mm²) e 90 dias (7,20 mm²), indicando assim, que a área desta membrana aumentou em 0,033 mm² por dia. Mediante os resultados observados, concluiu-se que a glicerina 98% é uma substância eficiente para a conservação do peritônio da paca, pois melhorou suas propriedades mecânicas permitindo que as membranas suportem maiores forças de deformação. Assim, os resultados obtidos nos ensaios mecânicos do peritônio da paca sugerem sua utilização como mais uma opção de material biológico.

Propriedades tensiométricas do peritônio da paca (Cuniculus paca) a fresco e conservado em glicerina 98 por cento / Tensiometer peritoneum properties of the paca (Cuniculus paca) fresh and preserved in glycerin 98 por cento

In constant searching for alternative biological material to perform implants and new options of experimental animal models, the objective of this investigation was to describe the mechanical properties of the peritoneum paca (Cuniculus paca Linnaeus, 1766) fresh and preserved in 98% glycerin. Samples of fresh and preserved in glycerin for periods of 30, 60 and 90 days were subjected to mechanical tests. Four adult animals, male or female, with mean body weight of eight kilograms, were used for collecting samples of the peritoneum. All tissues preserved in glycerin 98% showed a decrease in stiffness and increase in ductility and toughness. Considering the maximum force applied to the peritoneum, significant increase was observed in values (p<0.01) of samples stored for 60 and 90 days when compared to fresh material. In relation to the stretch variable, an increase was observed in all storage time of glycerin samples, verifying significant difference (p<0,01) when compared with the fresh samples. The variable area also showed significance (p <0.01) between the values of the fresh samples (5.40 mm²) and preserved in the glycerin by periods of 30 days (4.50 mm²), 60 days (9.00 mm²) and 90 days (7.20 mm²), thus indicating that the area of this membrane increased by 0.033 mm² per day. Generally, it was concluded that the 98% glycerin is a substance effective for the preservation of the peritoneum of the agouti paca, therefore improves its mechanical properties allowing the support membranes greater deformation forces. Thus, the results obtained in mechanical tests of the peritoneum of paca suggest its use as an alternative biological material.(AU)

Na busca constante, tanto de material biológico alternativo para a realização de implantes, quanto de novas opções de modelos de experimentação animal, o objetivo desta investigação foi descrever o comportamento mecânico do peritônio da paca (Cuniculus paca Linnaeus, 1766) a fresco e conservado em glicerina a 98%. Amostras frescas e conservadas em glicerina por períodos de 30, 60 e 90 dias foram submetidas a testes mecânicos de tração. Quatro animais adultos, três machos e uma fêmeas, com peso corporal médio de oito quilogramas, foram utilizados para colheita das amostras de peritônio. Todos os tecidos conservados em glicerina a 98% apresentaram diminuição na rigidez e aumento na ductibilidade e tenacidade. Considerando-se a força máxima aplicada ao peritônio, evidenciou-se aumento significativo nos valores (p<0,01) das amostras conservadas por 60 e 90 dias, quando comparado ao material a fresco. Com relação a variável alongamento, notou-se aumento nos valores relativos aos materiais em glicerina em todos os tempos de conservação, verificando-se diferença significativa (p<0,01) entre os valores das amostras a fresco. A variável área também se apresentou significativa (p<0,01) entre os valores das amostras a fresco (5,40 mm²) e os preservados em glicerina pelos períodos de 30 dias (4,50 mm²), 60 dias (9,00 mm²) e 90 dias (7,20 mm²), indicando assim, que a área desta membrana aumentou em 0,033 mm² por dia. Mediante os resultados observados, concluiu-se que a glicerina 98% é uma substância eficiente para a conservação do peritônio da paca, pois melhorou suas propriedades mecânicas permitindo que as membranas suportem maiores forças de deformação. Assim, os resultados obtidos nos ensaios mecânicos do peritônio da paca sugerem sua utilização como mais uma opção de material biológico.(AU)

Tegument study of Saanen goats and their crossbred Boer / Estudo do tegumento de cabras da raça Saanen e seus mestiços com Boer

The study aimed to evaluate Saanen goats and their crossbred Boer through the structures of tegument: sweat ducts, sebaceous glands, hair follicles and epidermal thickness as their thermoregulatory characteristics. Samples of tegument of genetic groups Saanen and Saanen x Boer were collected of the cervical, thoracic and gluteal regions for the preparation of histological slides. Thus the following measurements were obtained: epidermal thickness (m); hair follicles per area (2,281,700 m2); area (m2), perimeter (m) and quantity per area (2,281,700 m2) of the sweat ducts and sebaceous glands. The experimental design was completely randomized in 2x3 factorial (two genetic groups and three regions of tegument collection). Crossbred animal had greater number of hair follicles, which promotes greater protection factor to solar radiation,    and the gluteal region responsible by largest number of follicles.

O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar exemplares da raça caprina Saanen e seus mestiços com Boer através das estruturas do tegumento: ductos sudoríparos, glândulas sebáceas, folículos pilosos e espessura da epiderme quanto as suas características termorregulatórias. Foram coletadas amostras do tegumento dos grupos genéticos Saanen e Saanen x Boer, das regiões cervical, torácica e glútea, para a confecção das lâminas histológicas. Assim, obtiveram-se as seguintes medidas: espessura da epiderme (m); folículos pilosos por área (2.281.700 m2); área (m2), perímetro (m) e quantidade por área (2.281.700 m2) dos ductos sudoríparos e das glândulas sebáceas. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2x3 (dois grupos genéticos e três regiões de coleta do tegumento). Os animais cruzados apresentaram maior número de folículos pilosos, o que promove maior fator de proteção à radiação solar, sendo a região glútea responsável pela maior quantidade de folículos.