Effect of two diets on the fecundity of ablated and non-ablated female of Macrobrachium amazonicum

Macrobrachium amazonicum is a species of freshwater shrimp of great importance for aquaculture and to know its reproductive potential, through the study of its fertility is necessary. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of two different diets on the reproductive performance of the species, whether or not adopting the ablation procedure. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement, with two types of feed (inert and fresh) and two conditions (ablated and non-ablated females), using six replicates per treatment. After 10 days of spawning, the eggs were removed and counted in their entirety. For each female, three spawns were obtained, totaling 72 samples. The fertility rate, the interval between spawning and the weight gain of the females were analyzed. There was no interaction between the studied factors, except for weight gain, in which ablated females that received fresh feed gained up to three times more weight than non-ablated females. Females that received fresh feed obtained higher fertility (1,373.9 eggs) than those that received only inert feed (1,084.1 eggs). The interval between spawns was 1.6 days shorter in ablated females.(AU)

Reproductive aspects of the dwarf cichlid Apistogramma agassizii under captive conditions / Aspectos reprodutivos do ciclídeo anão Apistograma agassizii em condições de cativeiro

Apistogramma agassizii is a native fish from the Amazon basin, which is of great interest for fishkeeping and is supplied to the retail trade from extractivism. Knowledge about the reproductive characteristics of this fish is fundamental to successful breeding. Objective: This work aimed to study the behavior and reproductive performance of this species in white and black aquariums. A total of 16 pairs were used, 8 in each treatment. The system had water recirculation, with fresh and inert food supply. Result: The fish demonstrated parental care, more accentuated by the female and partial spawning. The same coloration pattern was observed in both treatments, with coloration intensifying only during spawning. The eggs were adhesive and U-shaped/oval. The females followed the larvae, even after they left the nests, and attacked the males when they approached the offspring. Males exhibited territorial behavior. No significant differences were observed for the following parameters studied: largest and smallest egg size, spawning weight, absolute fecundity, number of hatched larvae, and hatchability rate. Conclusion: This study found that the fish are prolific and show good reproductive rates in conditions of captivity; thus, they are suitable to rear for the ornamental fish trade.

Apistograma agassizzi é um peixe nativo da bacia amazônica muito apreciado pela aquariofilia; seu comércio é oriundo do extrativismo. Conhecer os aspectos reprodutivos desse peixe é fundamental para o sucesso da criação. Este trabalho teve por objetivo estudar o comportamento e o desempenho reprodutivo dessa espécie, para isso utilizaram-se aquários brancos e pretos, nos quais foram aloja-dos 16 casais, oito em cada tratamento. O sistema adotado foi o de recirculação de água, com oferta de alimento inerte e fresco. Os peixes apresentaram cuidado parental acentuado pela fêmea e desova parcelada; o mesmo padrão de coloração para ambos os tratamentos pôde ser observado, intensificando-se na reprodução. Os ovos eram adesivos e em forma de U/ovais. As fêmeas acompanhavam as larvas, mesmo após a saída do ninho, chegando a agredir os machos quando estes se aproximavam da prole. Os machos apresentaram comportamento territorialista. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas para os seguintes parâmetros estudados: comprimento maior e menor do ovo, peso da desova, fecundidade absoluta, número de larvas eclodidas e taxa de eclodibilidade. Pôde-se ainda concluir que os peixes são prolíficos e apresentam bons índices reprodutivos em condições de cativeiro, portanto aptos para o cultivo visando ao comércio de peixes ornamentais.

Standardized ileal phosphorus digestibility of meat and bone meal and poultry byproduct meal for broilers

Two experiments were conducted using direct method to determine the standardized ileal phosphorus (P) digestibility coefficient (SIPDC) of meat and bone meal (MBM) and poultry byproduct meal (PBM) for broilers. In the first experiment, three MBM from different batches were evaluated, with four treatments (MBMI, MBMII, MBMIII, and a P-free diet) and nine replicates of seven birds each, totaling 252 birds distributed across a completely randomized design. The P-free diet was used to determine endogenous P losses. Titanium dioxide (5 g kg−1) was used as an indigestible indicator. In the second experiment, three PBM from different batches were evaluated, with 189 birds distributed over three treatments (PBMI, PBMII, and PBMIII) and nine replicates of seven birds each. These two experiments were conducted when birds were 19-22 days old. The birds were euthanized to collect the ileal content. Using the P-free diet, endogenous P losses were determined at 94.9 mg kg−1 dry matter intake. Standardized ileal P digestibility of MBMI (0.65) and MBMIII (0.69) was higher compared with MBMII (0.49). The SIPDC determined for three PBM sources were similar and 0.96, 0.96, and 0.93 for PBMI, PBMII, and PBMIII, respectively. The present study demonstrates that P in MBM is not as available as it is believed and that the variability between batches should be considered by nutritionists, while PBM can be considered an excellent P source to broiler diets.

Effects of xylanase and probiotic supplementation on broiler chicken diets

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of xylanase and probiotic supplementation on the performance, carcass characteristics, intestinal pH, intestinal viscosity, and ileal microbiota of broiler chickens fed diets containing wheat bran. The study animals were kept in metal cages, and the study was performed using a completely randomized design, with four treatments, six birds per treatment, and six replicates. The four treatments included a control group, a probiotic-supplemented group, a xylanase-supplemented group, and a group that received both xylanase and probiotic supplementation. The diets of all four groups contained wheat bran (50 and 30 g/kg for the starter and grower phases, respectively) and phytase, and at 10 d after hatching, the experimental birds were challenged orally with Eimeria sp commercial vaccine. During the initial phase, supplementation with xylanase, probiotics, or their combination yielded greater weight gains than the control diet; however, considering the period from 10-35 d, the chickens receiving xylanase + probiotic and the diet without the additives showed lower weight gain (2.746 and 2.600 kg, respectively). All the supplemented diets reduced cecum viscosity, and supplementation with probiotic showed a significantly lower pH (6.11). The ileal microbiota was also influenced by xylanase and probiotic supplementation, modulating the frequencies of the genera Lactobacillus and Clostridium. The positive effects of supplementation with xylanase or probiotics alone were similar to those of co-supplementation, and no associative effect was observed.(AU)

Digestible threonine for slow-growing broilers: performance, carcass characteristics, intestinal mucin, and duodenal morphometry

Five experiments were conducted to estimate the digestible threonine requirements of slow-growing broilers: experiment 1, starter phase (days 10 to 28); experiment 2, grower I phase (days 29 to 49); experiment 3, grower II phase (days 50 to 69); experiment 4, finisher phase (days 70 to 84); and experiment 5, which was specifically conducted to determine the production of intestinal mucin over two periods (days 50 to 69 and 70 to 84). Different birds were used in all experiments. A completely randomized design with five treatments and four replicates was used. Treatments consisted of increasing the values of digestible threonine in the diet through basal feed supplementation with L-threonine (98.5%), which was added instead of cornstarch. The following values of digestible threonine were investigated: 0.622, 0.697, 0.772, 0.847, and 0.922% in experiment 1; 0.586, 0.662, 0.738, 0.814, and 0.890% in experiment 2; 0.570, 0.640, 0.71, 0.780, and 0.850% in experiments 3 and 5; and 0.520, 0.595, 0.670, 0.745, and 0.820% in experiments 4 and 5. The digestible threonine values presented quadratic effects on feed conversion ratio in experiments 1, 2, and 3. Digestible threonine values of 0.628 and 0.609% resulted in higher villus height and greater duodenal crypt depth, respectively. Digestible threonine values of 0.762, 0.767, and 0.733% may be recommended for the starter, grower I, and grower II phases, respectively, based on the best feed conversion ratio. In addition, a digestible threonine level of 0.694% may be recommended for the finisher phase based on the highest production of intestinal mucin.(AU)

Performance and carcass yield of female broilers fed with diets containing probiotics and symbiotics as an alternative to growth enhancers / Desempenho e rendimento de carcaças de frangos de corte fêmeas alimentados com dietascontendo probióticos e simbióticos como alternativa aos melhoradores de crescimento

An experiment was carried out with female broilers, aiming to evaluate the effect of usingprobiotics and symbiotics on growth performance and yield of carcasses and of the main commercial cutsand edible viscera. A total of 720 one-day-old Cobb chicks, distributed in a completely randomizedexperimental design with four treatments and six replicates of 30 birds each at a stocking density of 10 birdsper square meter (m2). At 42 days old two broilers of each experimental unit were sacrificed to evaluate thecarcass yield and its parts. The carcass yield was not affected by the inclusion of probiotics and symbioticsin the diet being equivalent to the antibiotic group. No significant difference was observed among thetreatments, even in the controls that did not receive any additive factor. All the performance parameterswere similar for the four treatments, with the exception of weight gain, that was significantly lower inprobiotic treatment. It was concluded that these additives are important alternative to replace antibiotics asgrowth enhancers, which have already been banned in many countries.

Foi realizado um experimento com frangos de corte fêmeas, objetivando-se avaliar o efeito dautilização de probióticos e simbióticos sobre o desempenho e rendimento de carcaça e dos principais cortescomerciais e vísceras comestíveis destes animais. Foram utilizados 720 pintos de um dia de idade dalinhagem Cobb, distribuídos em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com quatrotratamentos e seis repetições de 30 aves cada em uma densidade de 10 aves/metro quadrado (m2). Aos 42dias de idade foram abatidos dois frangos por repetição, para a avaliação do rendimento de carcaça e suaspartes. A inclusão de probióticos e simbióticos na ração não proporcionou diferença significativa norendimento de carcaça e suas partes sendo equivalente ao tratamento com antibióticos. Não foi observadadiferença significativa entre os tratamentos, inclusive nos controles que não receberam qualquer fatoraditivo. Da mesma forma os demais parâmetros de desempenho foram equivalentes para os quatrotratamentos, com exceção do ganho de peso, que foi significativamente menor no tratamento probiótico.Conclui-se que esses aditivos são uma alternativa importante na substituição dos antibióticos comomelhoradores de crescimento, os quais já foram banidos em muitos países.

Performance and carcass yield of female broilers fed with diets containing probiotics and symbiotics as an alternative to growth enhancers / Desempenho e rendimento de carcaças de frangos de corte fêmeas alimentados com dietascontendo probióticos e simbióticos como alternativa aos melhoradores de crescimento

An experiment was carried out with female broilers, aiming to evaluate the effect of usingprobiotics and symbiotics on growth performance and yield of carcasses and of the main commercial cutsand edible viscera. A total of 720 one-day-old Cobb chicks, distributed in a completely randomizedexperimental design with four treatments and six replicates of 30 birds each at a stocking density of 10 birdsper square meter (m2). At 42 days old two broilers of each experimental unit were sacrificed to evaluate thecarcass yield and its parts. The carcass yield was not affected by the inclusion of probiotics and symbioticsin the diet being equivalent to the antibiotic group. No significant difference was observed among thetreatments, even in the controls that did not receive any additive factor. All the performance parameterswere similar for the four treatments, with the exception of weight gain, that was significantly lower inprobiotic treatment. It was concluded that these additives are important alternative to replace antibiotics asgrowth enhancers, which have already been banned in many countries.(AU)

Foi realizado um experimento com frangos de corte fêmeas, objetivando-se avaliar o efeito dautilização de probióticos e simbióticos sobre o desempenho e rendimento de carcaça e dos principais cortescomerciais e vísceras comestíveis destes animais. Foram utilizados 720 pintos de um dia de idade dalinhagem Cobb, distribuídos em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com quatrotratamentos e seis repetições de 30 aves cada em uma densidade de 10 aves/metro quadrado (m2). Aos 42dias de idade foram abatidos dois frangos por repetição, para a avaliação do rendimento de carcaça e suaspartes. A inclusão de probióticos e simbióticos na ração não proporcionou diferença significativa norendimento de carcaça e suas partes sendo equivalente ao tratamento com antibióticos. Não foi observadadiferença significativa entre os tratamentos, inclusive nos controles que não receberam qualquer fatoraditivo. Da mesma forma os demais parâmetros de desempenho foram equivalentes para os quatrotratamentos, com exceção do ganho de peso, que foi significativamente menor no tratamento probiótico.Conclui-se que esses aditivos são uma alternativa importante na substituição dos antibióticos comomelhoradores de crescimento, os quais já foram banidos em muitos países.(AU)

Population structure of Macrobrachium amazonicum in two floodplain lakes of Amazonia / Estrutura populacional de Macrobrachium amazonicum em dois lagos de várzea da Amazônia

The freshwater prawn M. amazonicum is widely consumed by the traditional communities of the Amazon basin. This species is captured by traps throughout the year and particularly during the Amazon dry season, when animals are concentrated in floodplain lakes. The aim of this paper was to know the populational biology of M. amazonicum in the Macurany and Catispera lakes, both located in the city of Parintins, Amazonas, Brazil. Samples were collected monthly from September 2009 to April 2010, using regional fishing gear. Males, females and total fertility were significantly higher in Catispera lake. The largest ovigerous female was recorded for the Catispera lake (56.2 mm) and low to the Macurany lake (18.3 mm). Sexually undifferentiated individuals were captured throughout the collection period in both lakes. It was observed a higher proportion of females than males (1:2.6) in Macurany lake. The reproductive peak was in the full-flood period (December to April). It may be related to the greatest flow of river and overflowing the banks of lakes, which contribute to larvae dispersion.

Macrobrachium amazonicum é uma espécie de camarão amplamente consumida pelas comunidades tradicionais da Bacia Amazônica, sendo capturada de forma artesanal ao longo de todo ano e especialmente no período de seca amazônica, quando se concentra no interior dos lagos de várzea. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a estrutura populacional deste crustáceo nos lagos do Macurany e do Catispera, ambos situados no município de Parintins/Amazonas, a partir dos seguintes aspectos: comprimento total, razão sexual, distribuição temporal, fecundidade e período reprodutivo. Espécimes de M. amazonicum foram coletados mensalmente, de setembro de 2009 a abril de 2010, utilizando-se artes de pesca regionais (camaroeiras). Considerando os dois lagos, os tamanhos médios de machos e de fêmeas e a fecundidade total foram significativamente maiores no lago do Catispera. A maior fêmea ovígera foi registrada no lago do Catispera (56,2 mm de CT) e a menor, no lago do Macurany (18,3 mm de CT). Indivíduos sexualmente indiferenciados foram capturados ao longo de todo o período de coletas nos dois lagos. Na população estudada, verificouse maior proporção de fêmeas, sendo o maior desvio registrado no lago do Macurany (1:2,6). O período de enchente-cheia (dezembro-abril) foi identificado como o de ocorrência do pico reprodutivo desta espécie na região. Possivelmente, o momento de maior vazão do rio etransbordamento da água dos lagos favorece a dispersão das larvas.

Population structure of Macrobrachium amazonicum in two floodplain lakes of Amazonia / Estrutura populacional de Macrobrachium amazonicum em dois lagos de várzea da Amazônia

The freshwater prawn M. amazonicum is widely consumed by the traditional communities of the Amazon basin. This species is captured by traps throughout the year and particularly during the Amazon dry season, when animals are concentrated in floodplain lakes. The aim of this paper was to know the populational biology of M. amazonicum in the Macurany and Catispera lakes, both located in the city of Parintins, Amazonas, Brazil. Samples were collected monthly from September 2009 to April 2010, using regional fishing gear. Males, females and total fertility were significantly higher in Catispera lake. The largest ovigerous female was recorded for the Catispera lake (56.2 mm) and low to the Macurany lake (18.3 mm). Sexually undifferentiated individuals were captured throughout the collection period in both lakes. It was observed a higher proportion of females than males (1:2.6) in Macurany lake. The reproductive peak was in the full-flood period (December to April). It may be related to the greatest flow of river and overflowing the banks of lakes, which contribute to larvae dispersion.(AU)

Macrobrachium amazonicum é uma espécie de camarão amplamente consumida pelas comunidades tradicionais da Bacia Amazônica, sendo capturada de forma artesanal ao longo de todo ano e especialmente no período de seca amazônica, quando se concentra no interior dos lagos de várzea. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a estrutura populacional deste crustáceo nos lagos do Macurany e do Catispera, ambos situados no município de Parintins/Amazonas, a partir dos seguintes aspectos: comprimento total, razão sexual, distribuição temporal, fecundidade e período reprodutivo. Espécimes de M. amazonicum foram coletados mensalmente, de setembro de 2009 a abril de 2010, utilizando-se artes de pesca regionais (camaroeiras). Considerando os dois lagos, os tamanhos médios de machos e de fêmeas e a fecundidade total foram significativamente maiores no lago do Catispera. A maior fêmea ovígera foi registrada no lago do Catispera (56,2 mm de CT) e a menor, no lago do Macurany (18,3 mm de CT). Indivíduos sexualmente indiferenciados foram capturados ao longo de todo o período de coletas nos dois lagos. Na população estudada, verificouse maior proporção de fêmeas, sendo o maior desvio registrado no lago do Macurany (1:2,6). O período de enchente-cheia (dezembro-abril) foi identificado como o de ocorrência do pico reprodutivo desta espécie na região. Possivelmente, o momento de maior vazão do rio etransbordamento da água dos lagos favorece a dispersão das larvas.(AU)

Caracterização físico-química e rendimento do filé e resíduos de diferentes espécies de jaraqui (Semaprochilodus spp. ) / Physicochemical characterization and fillet and waste yield of different species of jaraqui (Semaprochilodus spp. )

Jaraqui is a fish found in the Amazon basin. The species has low commercial value when compared to noble fish of the region, such as tambaqui, arapaima and matrinxã, being consumed mostly by the low-income population. To better use of this fish and to aggregate value, we analyzed two filleting procedures, chemical composition and fillet yield of two jaraqui species, as well as the performance of their waste. The work was developed in two stages; the first, two filleting methods were analyzed, and biometrics taken; in the second stage we used the methodology filleting presented the best performance, biometrics were taken and analyzed the chemical composition of the fillets. The results showed that the method of filleting and subsequent removal of the skin was that provided greater fillet yield. In the second stage, the skinless fillet yield ranged between 30.96 and 32.29% and the fillet with skin between 40.29 and 41.20% for jaraqui of coarse scale and fine scale respectively. The residues showed yield from 67.62 to 69.15% of body weight for jaraquis of coarse scale and fine scale, respectively. Regarding centesimal composition, only protein levels did not differ between species (p>0.05), and both showed high lipid content, which may be related to the period in which they were acquired, the migration to spawning. We conclude therefore that both species exhibited good fillet yield and residue, indicating that can be exploited by processingand handicrafts industries.

Jaraqui é um peixe encontrado na bacia Amazônica, que possui baixo valor comercial quando comparado a peixes nobres da região, como o tambaqui, pirarucu e matrinxã, sendo consumido pela maioria da população de baixa renda. Visando o melhor aproveitamento e agregação de valor a esse pescado, foram analisados dois procedimentos de filetagem, composição centesimal e rendimento do filé de duas espécies de jaraqui, assim como o rendimento de seus resíduos. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em duas etapas; na primeira foram analisadas duas metodologias de filetagem e tomados dados biométricos; na segunda etapa foi utilizada a metodologia de filetagem que apresentou melhor rendimento, foram tomados dados biométricos e analisada a composição centesimal dos filés. Os resultados apontaram que a metodologia de filetagem e posterior retirada da pele foi a que proporcionou um maior rendimento de filé. Na segunda etapa, o rendimento de filé sem pele variou entre 30,96 e 32,29%, e de filé com pele, entre 40,29 e 41,20% para jaraqui de escama grossa e escama fina, respectivamente. Os resíduos apresentaram rendimento de 67,62% a 69,15% do peso corporal de jaraquis de escama fina e escama grossa, respectivamente. Com relaçãoà composição centesimal, apenas teores de proteína não diferiram entre as espécies (p>0,05), e ambas apresentaram altos teores de lipídios, fato que pode estar relacionado ao período em que foram adquiridos, na migração para desova. Ambas as espécies apresentam bom rendimento de filé e de resíduos, indicando que podem ser aproveitadas pelas indústrias processadoras e de artesanato.

Caracterização físico-química e rendimento do filé e resíduos de diferentes espécies de jaraqui (Semaprochilodus spp. ) / Physicochemical characterization and fillet and waste yield of different species of jaraqui (Semaprochilodus spp. )

Jaraqui is a fish found in the Amazon basin. The species has low commercial value when compared to noble fish of the region, such as tambaqui, arapaima and matrinxã, being consumed mostly by the low-income population. To better use of this fish and to aggregate value, we analyzed two filleting procedures, chemical composition and fillet yield of two jaraqui species, as well as the performance of their waste. The work was developed in two stages; the first, two filleting methods were analyzed, and biometrics taken; in the second stage we used the methodology filleting presented the best performance, biometrics were taken and analyzed the chemical composition of the fillets. The results showed that the method of filleting and subsequent removal of the skin was that provided greater fillet yield. In the second stage, the skinless fillet yield ranged between 30.96 and 32.29% and the fillet with skin between 40.29 and 41.20% for jaraqui of coarse scale and fine scale respectively. The residues showed yield from 67.62 to 69.15% of body weight for jaraquis of coarse scale and fine scale, respectively. Regarding centesimal composition, only protein levels did not differ between species (p>0.05), and both showed high lipid content, which may be related to the period in which they were acquired, the migration to spawning. We conclude therefore that both species exhibited good fillet yield and residue, indicating that can be exploited by processingand handicrafts industries.(AU)

Jaraqui é um peixe encontrado na bacia Amazônica, que possui baixo valor comercial quando comparado a peixes nobres da região, como o tambaqui, pirarucu e matrinxã, sendo consumido pela maioria da população de baixa renda. Visando o melhor aproveitamento e agregação de valor a esse pescado, foram analisados dois procedimentos de filetagem, composição centesimal e rendimento do filé de duas espécies de jaraqui, assim como o rendimento de seus resíduos. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em duas etapas; na primeira foram analisadas duas metodologias de filetagem e tomados dados biométricos; na segunda etapa foi utilizada a metodologia de filetagem que apresentou melhor rendimento, foram tomados dados biométricos e analisada a composição centesimal dos filés. Os resultados apontaram que a metodologia de filetagem e posterior retirada da pele foi a que proporcionou um maior rendimento de filé. Na segunda etapa, o rendimento de filé sem pele variou entre 30,96 e 32,29%, e de filé com pele, entre 40,29 e 41,20% para jaraqui de escama grossa e escama fina, respectivamente. Os resíduos apresentaram rendimento de 67,62% a 69,15% do peso corporal de jaraquis de escama fina e escama grossa, respectivamente. Com relaçãoà composição centesimal, apenas teores de proteína não diferiram entre as espécies (p>0,05), e ambas apresentaram altos teores de lipídios, fato que pode estar relacionado ao período em que foram adquiridos, na migração para desova. Ambas as espécies apresentam bom rendimento de filé e de resíduos, indicando que podem ser aproveitadas pelas indústrias processadoras e de artesanato.(AU)

Incubation artificial processes associated with the application of different reproductive methods in matrices semi heavy / Processos de incubação artificial associados à aplicação de diferentes métodos reprodutivos em matrizes semipesadas

The objective of this study was different reproductive methods in birds from two semiheavy lineages and evaluate their effects on the processes of artificial incubation of eggs and carcass yield of chicks. The experimental design was completely randomized factorial (2 x 2) with factors: reproductive methods (artificial insemination and natural breeding) and two semi-heavy lineages (Plymouth Barred Rock and Rhode Island Red). Were used 26 matrices (23 females and 3 males) for each factor that led to 62 eggs each, totaling 248 eggs, each egg being a repeat. The eggs were weighed before and after the incubation period to determine weight loss and performing comparative analysis between the egg weight and the weight of chick. During the incubation period was evaluated the reproductive performance of the matrices, and after birth, 8 chicks each factor were killed for analysis of carcass thereof. No significant differences (P> 0.05) were found between reproductive performance and the relationship between chick weight and egg weight. The yolk sac and liver weights were affected (P 0.05) by treatment with a Plymouth Rock Barred strain showed the best results.(AU)

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar diferentes métodos reprodutivos em aves de duas linhagens semipesadas e avaliar seus efeitos sobre os processos de incubação artificial dos ovos e do rendimento de carcaça dos pintainhos. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualisado em esquema fatorial (2 x 2) com os fatores: métodos reprodutivos (inseminação artificial e monta natural) e duas linhagens semipesadas (Plymouth Rock Barrada e Rhode Island Red). Foram utilizadas 26 matrizes (23 fêmeas e 3 machos) para cada fator que originaram 62 ovos cada, totalizando 248 ovos, sendo cada ovo uma repetição. Os ovos foram pesados antes e após o período de incubação para determinação da perda de peso e realização de análise comparativa entre o peso do ovo e o peso do pinto. Durante o período de incubação foi avaliado o desempenho reprodutivo das matrizes, e após o nascimento, foram abatidos 8 pintos de cada fator para análise do rendimento de carcaça dos mesmos. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas (P>0,05) entre o desempenho reprodutivo e a relação entre o peso do pinto e o peso do ovo. O peso do saco vitelino e peso do fígado foram afetados(AU)

Incubation artificial processes associated with the application of different reproductive methods in matrices semi heavy / Processos de incubação artificial associados à aplicação de diferentes métodos reprodutivos em matrizes semipesadas

The objective of this study was different reproductive methods in birds from two semiheavy lineages and evaluate their effects on the processes of artificial incubation of eggs and carcass yield of chicks. The experimental design was completely randomized factorial (2 x 2) with factors: reproductive methods (artificial insemination and natural breeding) and two semi-heavy lineages (Plymouth Barred Rock and Rhode Island Red). Were used 26 matrices (23 females and 3 males) for each factor that led to 62 eggs each, totaling 248 eggs, each egg being a repeat. The eggs were weighed before and after the incubation period to determine weight loss and performing comparative analysis between the egg weight and the weight of chick. During the incubation period was evaluated the reproductive performance of the matrices, and after birth, 8 chicks each factor were killed for analysis of carcass thereof. No significant differences (P> 0.05) were found between reproductive performance and the relationship between chick weight and egg weight. The yolk sac and liver weights were affected (P 0.05) by treatment with a Plymouth Rock Barred strain showed the best results.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar diferentes métodos reprodutivos em aves de duas linhagens semipesadas e avaliar seus efeitos sobre os processos de incubação artificial dos ovos e do rendimento de carcaça dos pintainhos. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualisado em esquema fatorial (2 x 2) com os fatores: métodos reprodutivos (inseminação artificial e monta natural) e duas linhagens semipesadas (Plymouth Rock Barrada e Rhode Island Red). Foram utilizadas 26 matrizes (23 fêmeas e 3 machos) para cada fator que originaram 62 ovos cada, totalizando 248 ovos, sendo cada ovo uma repetição. Os ovos foram pesados antes e após o período de incubação para determinação da perda de peso e realização de análise comparativa entre o peso do ovo e o peso do pinto. Durante o período de incubação foi avaliado o desempenho reprodutivo das matrizes, e após o nascimento, foram abatidos 8 pintos de cada fator para análise do rendimento de carcaça dos mesmos. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas (P>0,05) entre o desempenho reprodutivo e a relação entre o peso do pinto e o peso do ovo. O peso do saco vitelino e peso do fígado foram afetados