RESUMO
This prospective study examined the characteristics of children admitted to a pediatric emergency department and the factors that influenced the successful establishment of peripheral intravenous (IV) access. Descriptive and correlational analysis was completed using a convenience sample of 89 patients. Peripheral IV access was successful in 95.7% of the children, and the first attempt at insertion was successful in 53% of the procedures. Factors influencing the success of peripheral IV access were the patient's gender, skin color, presence of difficult-to-see veins, small veins, presence of fever, and a lack of palpable veins.
Assuntos
Cateterismo Periférico/efeitos adversos , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Veias/anormalidades , Administração Intravenosa/métodos , Adolescente , Fatores Etários , Cateterismo Periférico/instrumentação , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Infusões Intravenosas/instrumentação , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Grupos RaciaisRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To describe the total sleep time, stages of sleep, and wakefulness of preterm newborns and correlate them to levels of sound pressure, light, temperature, relative air humidity, and handling inside incubators. DESIGN: Observational, correlational study. SETTING: A neonatal intermediate care unit. PARTICIPANTS: Twelve preterm newborns, who were 32.2 ± 4.2 weeks gestational age and weighed 1,606 ± 317 g. METHODS: Sleep records were assessed by polysomnograph. Environmental variables were measured with a noise dosimeter, light meter, and thermohygrometer. To record time and frequency of handling, a video camera was used. All recordings were made for an uninterrupted 24-hour period. RESULTS: Mean total sleep time in 24 hours was 899 ± 71.8 minutes (daytime = 446 ± 45.3 and nighttime = 448 ± 60.2). Mean wakefulness was 552 ± 94.0 minutes. The predominant stage was quiet sleep. A significant correlation was identified only between the levels of light and wakefulness (r = 0.65 and p = .041). CONCLUSION: The environmental conditions and care provided to hospitalized preterm newborns did not influence sleep except for high light levels, which increased wakefulness. Nurses in clinical practice should implement strategies to promote and protect sleep by decreasing newborns' exposure to excessive light.
