Indicators of Dietary Behavior and Physical Activity Change Associated with Metabolic Control of Obesity, Hypertension, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Mexican Adults: National Nutrition and Health Survey in Mexico, 2016.

Introduction: Obesity (OB), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), and hypertension (HTN) are health issues in Mexico linked to unhealthy behaviors. This study investigates the relationship between behavior change indicators and metabolic control in Mexican adults with OB, T2D, and HTN. Methods: We used data from the 2016 National Health and Nutrition Survey Midway (ENSANUT MC-2016), representing ∼59.5 million Mexican adults aged 20-59 with these conditions. We assessed behavior change indicators, including stages of change, self-efficacy, and perceptions of benefits and barriers. In addition, we conducted descriptive analyses and used statistical tests, such as Pearson's chi-squared test and logistic regression models, adjusted for multiple variables. Results: We found that adults in the action and maintenance stages of physical activity (PA) were four times more likely to have adequate HTN control than those in the precontemplation stage. Self-efficacy for PA was related to better control in T2D and HTN. Self-efficacy for reducing the consumption of sugary beverages was positively associated with control in OB and T2D. No significant association was observed with self-efficacy for consuming fruits and vegetables. Conclusion: Behavior-change indicators are significantly linked to metabolic control in adults with HTN. These results support the importance of these indicators in managing chronic diseases such as HTN and their potential use in public health strategies.

Perception of parents' physical activity as a positive model on physical activity of adolescents.

Physical activity (PA) promotes an adequate level of health in adolescents. The PA behaviors moderation is led by the adolescents' perception of their parents. We suppose that higher adolescents' perception of their parents' physical activity influences the physical activity spent in adolescents. The objective of this study was to determine the association between adolescents' perception of their parents' PA practice with adolescent's PA in a sample of public schools in the Morelos state of Mexico. We analyzed the information of 4625 adolescents from the baseline of a cohort study of students in public schools in Mexico. We evaluated adolescents' perceptions of their parents PA and PA practice of the adolescents. A logistic regression analysis stratified by sex was carried out to evaluate the association between adolescents' perceptions of their parents PA, and adolescents' PA. We found that the PA of female adolescents was associated with their perceptions' of both parents' PA (OR = 2.48; IC95% 1.84-3.35). Adolescents' perceptions of their mother's PA was associated with their PA (daughters OR = 1.69; IC95% 1.33-2.15; sons OR = 1.87 IC95% 1.41-2.45). In conclusion, adolescents' perceptions of their parents' PA practice were associated with higher adolescents' PA. Higher adolescents' perception of their parents PA may play an important role as a positive model for the adolescent's PA practice (p < 0.001). Finally, parental PA and the perceptions that adolescents have of their parents' PA must be considered in devising general PA programs.

[Antioxidant use as dietary therapy in patients with multiple sclerosis]. / Uso de antioxidantes como terapia dietética en pacientes con esclerosis múltiple.

INTRODUCTION: Multiple sclerosis is an immune-mediated disease that produces chronic inflammation and neural degeneration. The disease progresses with acute attacks that result in myelin inflammation. This in turn increases oxidative stress and favors the appearance of reactive oxygen species. Reactive oxygen species damage neural cells causing apoptosis. The etiology of multiple sclerosis remains unknown and current therapy is aggressive and expensive. Recently, complementary and alternative medicine therapies have been proposed to control pathogenesis and symptoms of this disease. It is believed that these therapies help slow the progression of multiple sclerosis and improve survival. METHODS: We conducted a MEDLINE/PubMed search using the following MeSH terms: diet, multiple sclerosis, antioxidants. We selected the main articles containing multiple sclerosis and diet. RESULTS: We analyzed three case control studies that evaluated different dietary approaches in multiple sclerosis. For this review, we also included five experimental studies that studied the efficacy of lipoic acid in humans and rodents in diseases like multiple sclerosis, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, and breast cancer.

INTRODUCCIÓN: La esclerosis múltiple se caracteriza por una respuesta inmune, inflamación crónica y degeneración neurológica, así como ataques agudos a lo largo del desarrollo de la enfermedad. Se ha observado que en dichos ataques se genera una inflamación de la mielina aumentando el estrés oxidativo y con ello la generación de especies reactivas de oxígeno. Dichas sustancias ocasionan un daño en la estructura y composición de las células neuronales, resultando en apoptosis celular. La etiología de la esclerosis múltiple sigue siendo desconocida y los tratamientos suelen ser agresivos y muy costosos. Recientemente se han propuesto alternativas para el control de la patogénesis y los síntomas de la enfermedad, como la medicina alternativa complementaria. Éstas podrían ayudar al paciente a retrasar la progresión de la esclerosis múltiple y mejorar la supervivencia de los pacientes. MÉTODOS: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en MEDLINE/PubMed, utilizando términos del MeSH, con las palabras clave: dieta, esclerosis múltiple y antioxidantes. Se seleccionaron los principales artículos sobre esclerosis múltiple y dieta. RESULTADOS: Se analizaron tres estudios de casos y controles que evaluaron diferentes alternativas dietéticas. Además de cinco artículos más de tipo experimental, en los cuales se estudió en humanos y roedores la eficacia del ácido lipoico en casos como esclerosis múltiple, encefalomielitis autoinmune experimental y cáncer de mama. El antioxidante con mayor evidencia científica que promete una importante efectividad en el tratamiento de la esclerosis múltiple es el ácido lipoico.

[Polyunsaturated fatty acids for multiple sclerosis treatment: scientific evidence]. / Ácidos grasos poliinsaturados en el tratamiento de la esclerosis multiple: evidencia científica.

INTRODUCTION: Fatty acids have an important role in structure and function of the nervous system. Recently, epidemiologic studies on neurodegenerative disorders have evaluated the usefulness of polyunsaturated fatty acids on multiple sclerosis. OBJECTIVE: To examine recent studies, clinical trials, and reviews on the therapeutic effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids in multiple sclerosis. METHODS: We conducted a search in MEDLINE/PubMed and Cochrane Library with the terms "fatty acids", "omega-3" and "omega-6" in combination with "multiple sclerosis". Articles were selected according to their relevance on the topic. RESULTS: Epidemiologic studies have shown benefits of dietary supplementation with polyunsaturated fatty acids--especially omega-3--in relation to inflammatory, autoimmune and neurodegenerative disorders. In contrast, the studies do not show a beneficial effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids in multiple sclerosis. However, there are limitations related to design and sample issues in these studies. CONCLUSIONS: There is some evidence of a protective effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids on the risk of multiple sclerosis. Despite this, to date controlled trials have not produced definite results on the benefits of supplementation with polyunsaturated fatty acids in patients with multiple sclerosis. Any potential benefit will have to be confirmed in the long term.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Los ácidos grasos son conocidos por jugar un papel en la estructura y actividad del sistema nervioso. Recientemente los resultados de estudios epidemiológicos en enfermedades neurodegenerativas como la esclerosis múltiple se han dirigido a la evaluación de la utilidad de los ácidos grasos poliinsaturados sobre esta enfermedad. OBJETIVO: Examinar estudios recientes de ensayos clínicos aleatorizados y estudios de revisión sobre el efecto terapéutico de los ácidos grasos poliinsaturados en la esclerosis múltiple. MÉTODOS: Se realizó una búsqueda de artículos en MEDLINE/PubMed y la Biblioteca Cochrane con los términos "ácidos grasos", "omega-3" y "omega-6" en combinación con "esclerosis múltiple" que posteriormente fueron revisados y verificados por su contenido relevante. RESULTADOS : Estudios epidemiológicos han confirmado los beneficios de la suplementación de la dieta con ácidos grasos poliinsaturados, especialmente con omega-3, en enfermedades inflamatorias, autoinmunes y neurodegenerativas. En contraste, no se demuestra un efecto beneficioso de este tratamiento en la esclerosis múltiple pero muchos estudios tienen varias limitaciones tanto en el diseño del estudio como en la muestra. CONCLUSIONES : Hay algunos indicios de que el consumo de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados tiene un efecto protector sobre el riesgo de esclerosis múltiple, pero los estudios controlados realizados hasta la fecha no han producido resultados definitivos con respecto a los posibles beneficios de la suplementación con ácidos grasos poliinsaturados en los pacientes con esclerosis múltiple. Para admitir estos posibles beneficios, cualquier resultado positivo deberá ser seguido a largo plazo.