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2.
Eur J Appl Physiol ; 123(2): 381-393, 2023 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36443490

RESUMO

PURPOSE: The neurotransmitter serotonin has a strong effect on behaviour and motor control. Regarding motor control, serotonin contributes to the development of fatigue and is also involved in the ability of motor neurones to operate across a large range of forces (gain control). The consumption of tryptophan-rich supplements (such as α-lactalbumin) is of interest because this amino acid is the only precursor for brain serotonin synthesis. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of α-lactalbumin supplementation on neuromuscular performance. METHODS: Using a randomised double-blind cross-over design, 16 healthy participants performed plantar flexor and handgrip maximal voluntary contractions, a 30-s submaximal handgrip contraction, and a plantar flexor fatigue protocol before and 90 min after consuming either 40 g of α-lactalbumin, an isonitrogenous beverage (Zein) or an isocaloric beverage (corn-starch). Sleepiness, mood, and cognition were assessed to evaluate any psychological effects. RESULTS: α-Lactalbumin decreased force steadiness by 25% during the sustained submaximal handgrip contraction (p < 0.01) and induced greater fatigue (15% reduction in total torque-time integral, p = 0.01) during the fatigue protocol. These effects were not observed for the other control beverages. No effects were found for maximal or explosive strength, or psychological measurements. CONCLUSIONS: 40 g of α-lactalbumin increased handgrip force variability and reduced performance during fatiguing muscle contractions but did not influence brief maximal contractions or psychological parameters in healthy individuals. These findings support the hypothesis that the consumption of α-lactalbumin can increase motor neurone input-output gain and exacerbate central fatigue during sustained maximal exercise.


Assuntos
Lactalbumina , Fadiga Muscular , Humanos , Lactalbumina/farmacologia , Estudos Cross-Over , Fadiga Muscular/fisiologia , Força da Mão , Serotonina , Contração Muscular , Fadiga , Eletromiografia/métodos , Músculo Esquelético/fisiologia , Contração Isométrica/fisiologia
3.
Eur J Appl Physiol ; 123(2): 395-404, 2023 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36443491

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: We tested two strategies that hypothetically increase serotonin availability (α-lactalbumin consumption and a remote submaximal handgrip contraction) on estimates of persistent inward currents (PICs) amplitude of soleus muscle in healthy participants. METHODS: With a randomised, double-blind, and cross-over design, 13 healthy participants performed triangular-shaped ramp contractions with their plantar flexors (20% of maximal torque), followed by a 30-s handgrip sustained contraction (40% of maximal force) and consecutive repeated triangular-shaped contractions. This was performed before and after the consumption of either 40 g of α-lactalbumin, an isonitrogenous beverage (Zein) or an isocaloric beverage (Corn-starch). Soleus motor units discharge rates were analysed from high-density surface electromyography signals. PICs were estimated by calculating the delta frequency (ΔF) of motor unit train spikes using the paired motor unit technique. RESULTS: ΔF (0.19 pps; p = 0.001; d = 0.30) and peak discharge rate (0.20 pps; p < 0.001; d = 0.37) increased after the handgrip contraction, irrespective of the consumed supplement. No effects of α-lactalbumin were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that 40 g of α-lactalbumin was unable to modify intrinsic motoneuron excitability. However, performing a submaximal handgrip contraction before the plantar flexion triangular contraction was capable of increasing ΔF and discharge rates on soleus motor units. These findings highlight the diffused effects of serotonergic input, its effects on motoneuron discharge behaviour, and suggest a cross-effector effect within human motoneurons.


Assuntos
Força da Mão , Lactalbumina , Humanos , Lactalbumina/farmacologia , Contração Muscular/fisiologia , Músculo Esquelético/fisiologia , Eletromiografia/métodos , Neurônios Motores/fisiologia , Contração Isométrica/fisiologia
4.
Nutr Hosp ; 33(4): 380, 2016 Jul 19.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27571658

RESUMO

Introducción: el entrenamiento de intervalos de alta intensidad (HIIT) y el consumo de ácidos grasos omega-3 (O3) ha demostrado cada uno por separado aumentar la capacidad aeróbica, metabolismo oxidativo y función cardiovascular.Objetivo: examinar el efecto combinado de HIIT más suplementación de O3 en el rendimiento físico, presión arterial y composición corporal en jóvenes sedentarios.Método: 28 jóvenes sedentarios con sobrepeso (Edad=22 ± 4 años; IMC=25.8 ± 2.4 kg·m-2) fueron distribuidos aleatoriamente en cuatro grupos: grupo O3/HIIT (n=7) realizó un protocolo de HIIT, tres veces por semana durante seis semanas y consumió 2 g·día-1 de O3; grupo HIIT (n=7) realizó solo el HIIT; grupo O3 (n=7) solo consumió O3; y grupo CONTROL (n=7) que no realizó ninguna intervención. Consumo de oxígeno peak (VO2peak), velocidad máxima (Vmax), presión arterial sistólica y diastólica (PAS y PAD), y porcentaje de grasa fueron medidos antes y después de la intervención.Resultados: el consumo de oxígeno peak aumentó más en el grupo O3/HIIT (+10.9%) en comparación con HIIT, O3 y CONTROL. Velocidad máxima aumentó en O3/HIIT (+7.1%) y HIIT (+11.9%). La presión arterial sistólica disminuyó más en O3 (-6.8%) en comparación con O3/HIIT, HIIT y CONTROL. Por último, O3/HIIT (-19.2%), HIIT (-20.2%), y O3 (-15.2%) presentaron mayores disminuciones del porcentaje de masa grasa en relación al CONTROL.Conclusión: nuestros resultados sugieren un efecto potenciador de la capacidad aeróbica máxima producto de la combinación de HIIT y suplementación de O3. Además, se observó una disminución de masa grasa en todos los grupos intervenidos.


Assuntos
Pressão Sanguínea , Composição Corporal , Exercício Físico , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/uso terapêutico , Sobrepeso/terapia , Educação Física e Treinamento/métodos , Adulto , Limiar Anaeróbio , Índice de Massa Corporal , Suplementos Nutricionais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Sobrepeso/tratamento farmacológico , Comportamento Sedentário , Adulto Jovem
5.
Nutr. hosp ; 33(4): 848-855, jul.-ago. 2016. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-154910

RESUMO

Introducción: el entrenamiento de intervalos de alta intensidad (HIIT) y el consumo de ácidos grasos omega-3 (O3) ha demostrado cada uno por separado aumentar la capacidad aeróbica, el metabolismo oxidativo y la función cardiovascular. Objetivo: examinar el efecto combinado de HIIT más suplementación de O3 en el rendimiento físico, presión arterial y composición corporal en jóvenes sedentarios. Métodos: 28 jóvenes sedentarios con sobrepeso (edad = 22 ± 4 años; IMC = 25,8 ± 2,4 kg·m -2 ) fueron distribuidos aleatoriamente en cuatro grupos: grupo O3/HIIT (n = 7) realizó un protocolo de HIIT, tres veces por semana durante seis semanas y consumió 2 g·día -1 de O3; grupo HIIT (n = 7) realizó solo el HIIT; grupo O3 (n = 7) solo consumió O3; y grupo control (n = 7) que no realizó ninguna intervención. Consumo de oxígeno peak (VO 2 peak ), velocidad máxima (Vmax ), presión arterial sistólica y diastólica (PAS y PAD), y porcentaje de grasa fueron medidos antes y después de la intervención. Resultados: el consumo de oxígeno peak aumentó más en el grupo O3/HIIT (+10,9%) en comparación con HIIT, O3 y control. Velocidad máxima aumentó en O3/HIIT (+7,1%) y HIIT (+11,9%). La presión arterial sistólica disminuyó más en O3 (-6,8%) en comparación con O3/HIIT, HIIT y control. Por último, O3/HIIT (-19,2%), HIIT (-20,2%), y O3 (-15,2%) presentaron mayores disminuciones del porcentaje de masa grasa en relación al control. Conclusión: nuestros resultados sugieren un efecto potenciador de la capacidad aeróbica máxima producto de la combinación de HIIT y suplementación de O3. Además, se observó una disminución de masa grasa en todos los grupos intervenidos (AU)


Background: High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) has shown to increase oxidative capacity and maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max ) in different populations. On the other side, the consumption of Omega-3 fatty acids (O3) has positive effects on oxidative metabolism. Objective: To observe the effects of a combination of HIIT and O3 supplementation on parameters of physical performance, blood pressure, and body composition in overweight adults. Methods: 28 young, non-active, overweight individuals (22 ± 4 years; BMI = 25.8 ± 2.4 kg/m2 ) participated in the study. They were randomly assigned to four groups: an O3/HIIT (n = 7) which performed HIIT, 3 times per week, during six weeks and took 2 g of O3 supplement daily; a HIIT group (n = 7) whom performed HIIT protocol; an O3 group (n = 7) consumed 2 g of O3 supplement daily; and a control group (n = 7). VO2max , maximum race speed, blood pressure, body fat percentage, and the sum of six skinfolds were measured at baseline and after the 6 week intervention. Results: Peak oxygen consumption increased more in the O3/HIIT group (+10.9%) when compared to the HIIT group, O3 group, and control group. Maximum race speed increased only the O3/HIIT group (+7.1%) and HIIT group (+11.9%). Systolic blood pressure decreased the most in the O3 group (-6.8%), compared to O3/HIIT, HIIT, and control. Lastly, fat percentage decreased in every group (-19.2% in O3/HIIT group, -20.2% in HIIT group, and -15.2% in O3 group), when compared to the control group. Conclusion: The results observed in VO 2peak in the O3/HIIT group, suggest an augmented effect when HIIT and O3 supplementation are combined during six weeks. Furthermore, fat percentage improved in all intervened groups when compared to control group (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/metabolismo , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/uso terapêutico , Desempenho Psicomotor , Pressão Arterial , Composição Corporal , Sobrepeso/complicações , Sobrepeso/dietoterapia , Ácidos Graxos Insaturados/uso terapêutico , Comportamento Sedentário , Índice de Massa Corporal , Antropometria/instrumentação , Antropometria/métodos , Composição Corporal/fisiologia , Relação Cintura-Quadril/instrumentação , Relação Cintura-Quadril/métodos , Relação Cintura-Quadril , Razão Cintura-Estatura
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