RESUMO
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Porcine surfactant (200 mg/kg initial dose) seems to be superior to bovine surfactants (100 mg/kg) in respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). There is limited data on the choice of surfactant from the developing world. Logically, using higher doses of porcine surfactant comes with an additional cost burden. We decided to evaluate the clinical effects of different types of surfactants. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted from August 2019 to December 2022 in six tertiary centers. Neonates 24-34 weeks of gestation with RDS requiring either porcine (200 mg/kg) or bovine surfactant (100 mg/kg) were enrolled. The proportion of BPD, redosing, and other morbidities in either group were analyzed. The outcomes in preterm ≥28 and <28 weeks subgroups were analyzed. RESULTS: Of 1149 eligible babies, 302 (26%) received surfactant after stabilization with CPAP. One hundred fifty-eight received porcine, and 144 received bovine surfactant. There was a higher BPD in porcine compared to the bovine group on univariate analysis [24 (15%) vs. 6 (4%); OR: 4; 95% CI: 1.6-10; p = 0.002]. On logistic regression, the gestational age and PDA requiring treatment were independent predictors of BPD, and the type of surfactant and centres did not influence BPD. Redosing [27 (17%) vs. 18 (12%), OR: 1.4; 95% CI: 0.7-2.7; p = 0.2] was not different between both surfactant types. Other morbidities like mortality, air leaks, invasive ventilation, and CPAP duration were also not different between the groups. CONCLUSION: We could not find a difference in the outcomes of BPD and redosing using porcine surfactant at 200 mg/kg compared to bovine surfactant. Considering the cost burden in the developing world, efficacy needs to be evaluated in randomized clinical trials.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Delivery room management of infants born via meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) is quite controversial. No study has tried to quantify the amount of meconium that can be aspirated from the trachea of a non-vigorous neonate born through MSAF. AIMS: To study the yield of meconium in non-vigorous neonates born through MSAF undergoing endotracheal (ET) suctioning. METHODS: This was a prospective observational study conducted from 1 March 2015 to 31 October 2015. A total of 760 neonates born through MSAF were enrolled. All non-vigorous neonates underwent ET suctioning. Meconium aspirated was quantified as nil (no meconium aspirated), insignificant (when only streaks of meconium were present in the ET tube), minimal (when the whole length of ET tube was filled with meconium) and significant (when the whole ET tube was filled with meconium and it poured into the suction tubing or when repeat suctioning was required). RESULTS: The amount of meconium aspirated from the trachea was nil to insignificant in 46% of the neonates who underwent tracheal suctioning. Only 14.4% of the neonates had significant meconium aspirated from the trachea. Almost 46% of the non-vigorous infants underwent tracheal suctioning without any important amount of meconium being aspirated from the trachea. CONCLUSION: The study further supports the recommendation put forth by the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) 2015 that selective intubation and tracheal suctioning of non-vigorous MSAF neonates might be of limited benefit. ABBREVIATIONS: ET: endotracheal; ILCOR: International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation; HIE: hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy; LMIC: low- and middle-income countries; MAS: meconium aspiration syndrome; MSAF: meconium-stained amniotic fluid; NRP: neonatal resuscitation programme; PPHN: persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn; RCT: randomised controlled trial.
