Association of serum levels of vitamin D and vitamin D binding protein with mental health of overweight/obese women: A cross sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: Mood disorders such as anxiety, depression, stresses, and low sleep quality are common among overweight/obese women. The relation of vitamin D and its blood carrier, vitamin D binding protein (VDBP), to mental health is still unknown. This study aimed to examine the relation of serum 25(OH)D and VDBP to mental health measures including depression, anxiety, stress and sleep quality of overweight/obese women. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included a total of 265 overweight/obese women in Tehran, Iran, from 2016 to 2017. The 21-question version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used to evaluate mental health and sleep quality of participants, respectively. Serum 25(OH)D was assessed using the radioimmunoassay method and VDBP was evaluated with the use of ELISA. Associations were tested by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: In the crud analysis, higher serum 25(OH)D was marginally related to decreased odds of stress, but, women with higher VDBP levels had a marginal increased risk for depression. After adjustment for age, educational level, physical activity, body mass index and dietary energy intake, higher serum 25(OH)D was significantly related to a 42% decreased odds of stress (OR = 0.58, 95%CI: 0.28-0.99, p = 0.04), while, women with higher VDBP levels had an increased risk for depression (OR = 1.74, 95%CI: 1.002-3.42, p = 0.04). Serum vitamin D and VDBP were not significantly related to other indices of mental health. CONCLUSION: Higher serum vitamin D was related to decreased odds of stress but higher VDBP was related to increased odds of depression.

The association of Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension-style diet with urinary risk factors of kidney stones formation in men with nephrolithiasis.

OBJECTIVE: The relation of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)-style diet to urinary lithogenic factors is unclear. This study aimed to assess the association between adherence to the DASH diet and urinary risk factors of kidney stones formation. METHODS: A total of 264 men apparently with nephrolithiasis, aged 18-89 years, participated in this cross-sectional study. The food item-based DASH diet based on 8 components (nuts and legumes, red and processed meat, low-fat dairy products, sweetened beverages, fruits, vegetables, sodium, and whole grains) and nutrient-based DASH score based on 9 target nutrients (protein, fiber, total fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, sodium, calcium, potassium, and magnesium) were calculated using a food frequency questionnaire. Urine analysis was performed to measure hypercalciuria, hypocitraturia, hyperoxaluria, hyperuricosuria, and hypercreatinuria as study outcomes. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the relation of DASH diet to urinary factors. RESULTS: After multivariate adjustment, high adherence to the food-based or nutrient-based DASH dietary patterns was significantly associated with lower odds for hypercreatininuria, hypocitraturia, and hypercalciuria. Higher nutrient-based DASH diet scores were related to lower odds of hyperuricosuria and moderate adherence to the food-based DASH score increased odds for hyperoxaluria. Moreover, expect for "Nuts and legumes" and sodium, other components of DASH diet were significantly related to urinary lithogenic factors. CONCLUSION: Adherence to the DASH diet may be a strong preventive approach to decrease urinary risk factors of kidney stone formation.

The association of dietary inflammatory index with urinary risk factors of kidney stones formation in men with nephrolithiasis.

OBJECTIVE: Inflammation plays a leading role in the pathogenesis of nephrolithiasis. The association of the dietary inflammatory index (DII) with urinary lithogenic factors is unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the relation of DII to urinary risk factors of kidney stones formation. RESULTS: Of 264 participants, 61.4% (n = 162), 72% (n = 190), 74.6% (n = 197), 68.6% (n = 181), and 80.3% (n = 212) had hyperoxaluria, hypercreatininuria, hypercalciuria, hyperuricosuria, hypocitraturia, respectively. There was a significant increasing trajectory in urinary calcium, uric acid, and creatinine as well as a decreasing trend in urinary citrate across tertiles of DII score (all P = ≤0.001). After multivariate adjustment for energy intake, age, physical activity and body mass index, high DII scores were associated with elevated odds of having hypercreatininuria (OR = 2.80, 95%CI: 1.10-7.12, Ptrend = 0.04), hypercalciuria (OR = 7.44, 95%CI: 2.62-21.14, Ptrend ≤ 0.001), hyperuricosuria (OR = 2.22, 95%CI: 1.001-4.95, Ptrend = 0.05), and hypocitraturia (OR = 5.84, 95%CI: 2.14-15.91, Ptrend ≤ 0.001). No association was identified between DII and hyperoxaluria.