RESUMO
Sickle cell disease is a genetic disorder with a large variability in the pattern and severity of clinical manifestations. Different genetic modulators have been identified but very few epidemiologic data are available on these modifier genes in Senegal. This study aimed to determine their prevalence in a Senegalese sickle cell disease pediatric population. The following genetic parameters were genotyped in 295 sickle cell disease children of the Dakar pediatric hospital: sickle cell disease genotype [ßS/ßS (HBB: c.20A>T), ßS/ßC (HBB: c.19G>A), ßS/ß0-thalassemia (ß0-thal)], XmnI polymorphism, the five most common α-thalassemia (α-thal) deletions and the A(-) and Betica glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficient variants. Despite very few ßS/ßC and ßS/ß0-thal children (1.0% each), a novel frameshift ß0-thal mutation was characterized: HBB: c.265_266del; p.Leu89Glufs*2. The -α3.7 (rightward) deletion was the only α-thal deletion identified in this cohort (12.0% allelic frequency). Most of ßS/ßS patients (61.9%) were homozygous for the XmnI polymorphism and assumed to carry a Senegal/Senegal ßS haplotype. The remaining haplotypes were predominantly of the Benin type. While the Betica G6PD variant was quite frequent (13.0%), a low frequency of the A(-) variant was detected (1.0-2.0%). The systematic genotyping of the -α3.7 deletion and of the G6PD Betica variant in sickle cell disease patients from Senegal could be useful to identify patients at risk for several complications, such as cerebral vasculopathy, where it has been demonstrated that a normal α-globin genotype and G6PD deficiency are predisposing factors. These patients should be eligible for a transcranial Doppler examination that is not routinely offered in Senegal.
