RESUMO
The purpose of the study - to review the scientific literature over the past 5-10 years on the prevalence, risk factors and current problems in the treatment of periodontal diseases, especially periodontitis of medium and complex degree. A search and analysis of open sources of literature in the Wiley Library, PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases over the past five years (2018-2023) was carried out. Sources describing the epidemiology, etiology, features of the course in combination with somatic diseases, as well as a modern approach to prophylaxis and treatment of periodontitis were selected and analyzed. Periodontitis is an inflammatory and dystrophic disease that occurs due to general and local factors against the background of a decrease in the reactivity of the body. Frequency of occurrence of chronic inflammatory diseases of periodontal tissues (CVZTP) in the adult population reached 98%. With regard to the etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal tissue diseases, a polyetiological cause should be noted and requires long-term treatment and monitoring, as well as early diagnosis and an integrated approach. Summarizing the above review of the literature, we tend to believe that the study of the problem of periodontitis development is of a medical and social nature and requires the search for managerial solutions to improve the quality of dental services, as well as the introduction of a multidisciplinary approach at the stage of early diagnosis. Predictor of the development of periodontitis, respectively, and evaluation of preventive examination by a dentist, it is relevant to take into account comorbidity in this pathology in each patient, as well as the involvement of clinical microbiologists in order to identify cause-and-effect relationships and to correct the choice of timing and types of treatment.
