A real-world ten-week follow-up of the COVID outbreak in an outpatient drug clinic in Salamanca (Spain).

OBJECTIVE: To compare over ten weeks the number of relapses, hospital admissions, calls made, admissions to therapeutic communities, face-to-face visits, treatment adjustment, number of injectables administered, and number of emergencies attended due to emotional and behavioral alterations and/or substance use disorder, and to describe and quantify social emergencies in an outpatient drug clinic (ODC) in Salamanca (Spain) from March 16, 2020, to May 22, 2020. METHODS: This is an ecological study of the COVID pandemic over ten weeks. The study examines the set of alcohol or other drug-dependent or dual disorder patients in the population of Salamanca, Spain. The measurements were: professionals; calls made; percentage of successful calls; face-to-face visits; first visits made; reviews made; techniques; injectable treatments; other treatments; evolution; relapses. The ODC includes about 375 new patients each year and another 650 other patients annually. RESULTS: The study found the number of relapses to be greater in the last five weeks of the 10-week study period. Patients' psychopathological instability also increased, and face-to-face visits were necessary. The most frequent psychopathology that required face-to-face intervention was depressive disorder. The number of interventions with patients increased. In parallel, social workers' efforts were greater after the seventh week. There was a decrease in response to calls. Throughout this time, the ODC attended to patients who needed to be treated for the first time. CONCLUSIONS: Confinement due to the coronavirus pandemic generated maladaptive emotional responses and other behaviors, such as excessive alcohol consumption. The number of face-to-face consultations, admissions, and referrals to therapeutic communities increased. Patients under stress and in social isolation resorted more often to substance use. The ODC had to adopt a flexible approach to evaluate patients with more serious problems, by using face-to-face assessments.

Using 19% of alfalfa hay in beef feedlot finishing diets did not modify meat quality but increased feed intake and ADG1.

To evaluate the effects of including extra alfalfa hay (AH) in high-concentrate diets fed to beef heifers on intake, ADG, G:F, and carcass and meat quality, we used 24 Simmental heifers (initial BW 235.6 ± 4.19 kg). Heifers were blocked in four BW blocks and allotted in groups of 3 in a randomized block design with 2 treatments and 12 heifers per treatment. Treatment diets offered as total mixed ration (TMR) were (i) TMR with 10% barley straw (BS), considered the control diet, and (ii) TMR with 19% AH. The experiment was performed over four 28-d experimental periods, and we took measurements in the last week of each period. After this period of performance control, heifers were fed the corresponding diet until each BW block reached the target weight of 400 kg on average. Feed intake and ADG were greater for AH than BS (9.5 vs. 8.4 kg/d, and 1.45 vs. 1.29 kg/d, respectively; P < 0.05), but G:F was unaffected by diet (P > 0.10). Diet did not affect HCW, dressing percentage, backfat color, pH and meat color, or carcass grade. The sixth rib was dissected to determine the proportion of fat, lean, and bone, which were unaffected by diet. Diet did not affect the LM composition in water, protein, collagen, intramuscular fat, and cholesterol. The intramuscular fat proportion of C18:1 n-7 was greater in BS than in AH (P = 0.016), whereas the proportion of C18:3 n-3 tended to be greater in AH than in BS (P = 0.09). When fatty acid concentration was expressed as gram per 100 g of LM, these differences disappeared, and only the content of C15:0 tended to be greater (P = 0.08) in BS than in AH. Meat characteristics evaluated by trained panelists did not differ in toughness, chewiness, juiciness, odor, taste, and overall acceptability, and there were no differences between diets in Warner-Bratzler shear force values after 3 or 10 d of aging (P > 0.10). In summary, heifers fed TMR with AH at 19% of inclusion showed a greater feed intake and ADG than those fed BS at 10% of inclusion, but without affecting G:F ratio. However, this extra AH was not sufficient to cause any relevant change in the carcass and meat quality of the heifers fed this diet.

Disfunciones sexuales en el alcoholismo / Sexual dysfunction in alcoholism

La prevalencia de disfunciones sexuales en el alcoholismo es alta y oscila, según distintos estudios, entre el 3,2 por ciento y el 64,4 por ciento. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo investigar la frecuencia de este tipo de alteraciones en una muestra de pacientes alcohólicos que estaban en tratamiento por esta enfermedad. Así mismo, se pretende averiguar los factores que pueden influir en su génesis, además del alcohol. La muestra de estudio comprendía 183 personas, 150 varones y 33 mujeres cuya edad media era de 43 años. Se administró a los pacientes una encuesta autoaplicada y anónima que contenía el Cuestionario de Funcionamiento Sexual de LoPiccolo (SHF). Así mismo se determinaron los niveles de testosterona, estradiol y prolactina. Los resultados principales fueron: el funcionamiento sexual global era aceptable (puntuación global: 0,415 ñ 0,155) y significativamente mejor en los varones que en las mujeres; el 45 por ciento mantenía relaciones semanalmente, el 69 por ciento experimentaba deseo sexual durante la semana, el 81 por ciento de los varones no tenía problemas en alcanzar y mantener la erección y el 10 por ciento refería eyaculación precoz; en el grupo de mujeres, el 10 por ciento refería vaginismo y el 5 por ciento dolor en el coito. Los niveles de testosterona, estradiol y prolactina estaban en el rango normal; ni el diagnóstico, ni la cantidad de gramos de alcohol consumido, ni la situación de abstinencia o consumo influía en el funcionamiento sexual global. La presencia de enfermedades somáticas y la ingestión de medicamentos, principalmente Cianamida cálcica, empeoraban significativamente el funcionamiento sexual global (AU)

The prevalence of sexual dysfunction in alcoholism very frequent and fluctuates between 3.2% and 64.4 %, according different studies. The aim of this research is to study sexual dysfunction frequency in a sample of alcoholic patients who were undergoing treatment for this illness. We also analyse the factors, in addition to alcohol, that could influence these disorders. The study consists of an anonymous, selfadministered questionnaire on sexual behaviour, designed by LoPiccolo (SHF), with a sample of 183 individuals, 150 men and 33 women with an average age of 43 years. Levels of testosterone, estradiol and prolactin were also measured. The main results were as follows: overall sexual functioning was acceptable (overall score: 0.415 ± 0.155), and was significantly better in men than in women; 45% had sexual relations weekly, 69% experienced sexual desire during the week, 81% of men had no problems in reaching and maintaining an erection, 10% referred to premature ejaculation. In the group of women, 10% suffered from vaginismus and 5% from pain during coitus. Levels of testosterone, estradiol and prolactin were within the standard range. Neither the diagnosis, the amount of alcohol consumed nor abstinence or consumption of alcohol influenced overall sexual behaviour. The presence of somatic diseases and the intake of medicaments, particularly calcium cyanamide, significantly diminish general sexual performance (AU)

Condiciones de vida y morbilidad en niños y adolescentes en el municipio La Habana Vieja / Living conditions and morbidity in children and adolescents in Habana Vieja municipality

Las condiciones de vida en diferentes países o territorios dentro de un país determinan diferencias en la morbilidad de la población y se manifiestan evidentemente en los niños y en los adolescentes. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo caracterizar la morbilidad y las condiciones de vida de los niños y adolescentes del municipio La Habana Vieja y establecer su posible relación durante el período 2000-2001. Para lograr este propósito se realizó un estudio de tipo transversal, en donde se seleccionó una muestra de 3 833 niños y adolescentes de ese territorio, con edades comprendidas entre 0 y 19 años. El análisis se realizó con el paquete de programas SPSS versión 10. Se encontró asociación del mal estado de la vivienda, las condiciones higiénicas y sanitarias inadecuadas y los factores sociales desfavorables con las infecciones respiratorias agudas y las enfermedades diarreicas agudas en los niños y adolescentes.

The living conditions in different countries or territories within a country determine differences in the morbidity of the population and they are evidently manifested in children and adolescents. This paper was aimed at characterizing morbidity and the living condtions of children and adolescents of the Habana Vieja municipality and to establish its possible relation during 2000-2001. To this end, it was conducted a cross-sectional study, where 3 833 children and adolescents aged 0-19 from this territory were selected as a sample. The analysis was made with the package of programs SPSS version 10. It was found association of the poor state of the house, the inadequate hygienic and sanitary conditions and the unfavorable social factors with the acute respiratory infections and acute diarrheal diseases in children and adolescents.

Condiciones de vida y morbilidad en niños y adolescentes en el municipio La Habana Vieja / Living conditions and morbidity in children and adolescents in Habana Vieja municipality

Las condiciones de vida en diferentes países o territorios dentro de un país determinan diferencias en la morbilidad de la población y se manifiestan evidentemente en los niños y en los adolescentes. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo caracterizar la morbilidad y las condiciones de vida de los niños y adolescentes del municipio La Habana Vieja y establecer su posible relación durante el período 2000-2001. Para lograr este propósito se realizó un estudio de tipo transversal, en donde se seleccionó una muestra de 3 833 niños y adolescentes de ese territorio, con edades comprendidas entre 0 y 19 años. El análisis se realizó con el paquete de programas SPSS versión 10. Se encontró asociación del mal estado de la vivienda, las condiciones higiénicas y sanitarias inadecuadas y los factores sociales desfavorables con las infecciones respiratorias agudas y las enfermedades diarreicas agudas en los niños y adolescentes(AU)