Incidence and etiology of rhinosinusitis in children.

The authors discuss the incidence of chronic rhinosinusitis in children. From the study of 196 CT-scans, there follows that as well the ethmoidal as the maxillary sinuses are involved in the young child. In older children, however, the incidence of maxillary sinusitis is more frequent. The etiology of chronic rhinosinusitis is discussed stressing the importance of general factors such as environmental factors, congenital and acquired abnormalities and the influence of drugs, as well as of local factors such as again environmental factors, malformations, and upper respiratory infections. Most of these factors are discussed following personal studies.

The usefulness of irrigation of the maxillary sinus in children with maxillary sinusitis on the basis of the Water's X-ray.

The authors studied 80 children with sinusitis, all treated with amoxycillin and a decongestive preparation. The authors reached the conclusion that in 30 out of 80 children the third standard X-ray becomes normal without further treatment. In the remaining 50 children the usefulness of irrigation of the maxillary sinus was studied: one group was treated with antroscopy and sinuscopy while the second group did not receive this treatment (control). In both groups control X-rays were performed after three weeks. There was no significant difference between the two groups, which indicates that irrigation does not lead to a better cure. A correlation of 71% was found between X-ray findings and antroscopic findings. As a first treatment antibiotics are recommended.

[The value of maxillary sinus irrigation in children with maxillary sinusitis using the Waters film]. / Het nut van de kaakholtespoeling bij kinderen met maxillaire sinusitis aan de hand van de Watersopname.

Eighty children with chronic sinusitis receiving a conservative treatment were followed. They found that without any further therapy the Waters view of 30 children became normal. The usefulness of irrigation of the maxillary sinus was studied in the other 50 children. In one group of 25 children a sinus endoscopy and sinus irrigation was performed. In a control group of another 25 children no further treatment was performed. A comparison between the Waters view and sinus endoscopy is also included in the study. The authors found little difference in the treatment results in the two groups. Furthermore, when the Waters view is normal, then exists little chance of finding a pathological mucous membrane during sinus endoscopy. In doubt the clinical picture is most important. The control of the roentgenogram should be performed one month after the first one. Antroscopy is better for the diagnosis but in view of its traumatic aspect and the finding that it does not result in a better therapeutic response, the authors advise sinus irrigation only in problematic cases.

[Eye movements induced by the parallel-swing method in rabbits]. / Oogbewegingen opgewekt door de parallel-slede bij konijnen.

Eye movements induced by sinusoidal linear accelerations generated by the parallel-sled, have been recorded by means of monocular electronystagmographic recordings in the horizontal and vertical plane. Qualitatively the recorded eye movements are vertical sinusoidal eye movements. When the sled moves to the right, the right eye moves upward, and the left eye downward. When the sled moves to the left, the inverse takes place. This seems to suggerate that the vestibulo-ocular reflex tested here, tries to compensate an imaginary rotation of the laboratory animal in the direction of the resultant acceleration stimulus. The false difference between the two eyes is 180 degrees, independant of the frequency of the sled. The false-difference between the sled and the eye movements increases with the frequency. The natural frequency is 0,6 Hz. The maximal amplitude is reached at the same frequency of 0,6 Hz (resonance frequency). Artefacts are present from the frequency of 0,8 Hz on. These are caused by movements of the needle electrodes on their own, due to the big accelerations on these frequencies. They are clearly distinguishable from the real eye movements. The gain "G" is incomplete, higher for the lower frequencies (0,5 for 0,3 Hz), and lower for the higher frequencies (0,1 for 0,8 Hz).