[Fundamental elements of maxillofacial orthodontics in the treatment of sagittal maxillo-mandibular disproportions]. / Eléments fondamentaux d'orthopédie dento-maxillo-faciale dans les thérapeutiques des dysharmonies sagittales maxillo-mandibulaires.

The entire cephalometric parameters and specially the alveolar inclinations have to be taken into account, while treating skeletal sagittal discrepancies. In fact, they are either compensatory and should be kept as, or aggravating the basal bone discrepancies, manifesting a neuro-muscular imbalance and complicating remarkably the prognosis. In order to maintain the morphological results, the anatomical corrections have to take into account the neuro-muscular balance concerning position, function and tonicity. That is the concept which provides satisfactory surgical, orthopedic and natural results. We think that the goals of these treatments should not be limited to esthetic or standardized criteria. They have to be achieved in respect to this functional concept and absolutely adapted to each patient.

[Dentigerous cysts: apropos of 40 cases]. / Les kystes dentigères: à propos de 40 observations.

The study of 40 cases of voluminous odontogenic cysts has made evident the general characteristics of these current odontogenic tumors always tied-in with a tooth without any pathognomonic sign. The diagnosis is made by reasoning, combining clinical information, age, localisation, development, x-ray's information and anatomo-pathological parameters. The treatment is surgical enucleation of the cyst and it's generally easy.

[Glossodynia]. / Les glossodynies.

Glossodynias are a build up of painful lingual syndromes with neither a detectable visible lesion, nor of a known organic origin. An obvious discordance between the subjective feelings and the weakness, even absence of an objective lesion support able to explain them, can be observed. Being often considered by physicians to be of a psychological origin, they are always the object of never-ending research for a detectable lesion which would explain their complications. Following consultations with 114 patients in the department of Stomatology, and in collaboration with our neuropsychiatrist colleagues in the same hospital, we took stock of this frequent application which bothers the buccal specialist, who does not know to consider it or how to treat it.

[The abandonment of treatment in orthodontics]. / Etude des abandons de traitement en orthopédie dento-maxillo-faciale.

Orthodontic treatments are frequently given up: a recent study of the C.N.A.M.* has shown a rate of 51%. In spite of lightest and least constraining therapeutic methods, the authors estimate that 27% of the patients stop their treatment before the end. --Looking for the reasons why, they have found a "central nucleus" of about 27% which builds up a constancy of abandoned treatment undeniably in relation with an ethical phenomenon, plainly concerning the individual or the family. --That is to show the advantage of our adapted therapeutic possibilities to answer the patients' requests, and to clearly explain their benefits and their possible difficulties. In other words we have to admit the necessity of a more medical than mechanical approach in orthodontics.

[Aerodontalgia. Report of a case]. / Les aérodontalgies. Mise au point à propos d'une observation.

Dental pains provoked by an altitude beyond 5.000 ft can occur with any kind of tooth, healthy or restored. It is considered as a consequence of a brutal pressure change. The incidence has not been decreasing in spite of flight conditions improvement. These kind of dental pain cause a problem for those who fly: civilian and military pilots as well as airlines passengers. The conditions in which this might happened are variable. There may be a definite correlation between the character of the symptoms of aerodontalgia and the underlying pulpal pathology. The proposed etiology concerning pathological teeth is an oedema and hyperthermia of the pulp which can lead to necrosis. In an indirect type dental pain is secondary to stimulation of the superior alveolar nerves by a maxillary barosinusitis, or anatomic malformation. The most frequent is a pain during ascent (decompression), and the most concerned teeth are upper molars. The preventive treatment is very important. Both complete clinical and radiological examinations must be achieved. Regular dental examination are-essential for the crew. Aerodontalgia can be largely prevented by high quality root and dental cares. The case of a 26 years old man who use to suffer for a long time of dental pain during flights is in accordance with the dominant clinical symptoms of this affection.

[Compensatory alveolar inclinations in sagittal dysharmonies of the skeletal base]. / Inclinaisons alvéolaires compensatrices des dysharmonies sagittales des bases squelettiques.

544 cases analysis have shown that the sagittal maxillo-mandibular discrepancies happens to be a very frequent problem in orthodontics. They are often compensated by dento-alveolar inclinations, when no muscular disorder, functional or constitutional, exists. The basal discrepancies modify the direction of dental inclinations. It is the normal action of the musculature which determines the correctional inclination that must be respected. We have to use light therapeutic methods and respect these natural dental movements.

[The impacted canine. Review of 212 cases. General principles of treatment]. / La canine incluse. Mise au point à propos de 212 observations. Principes généraux de traitement.

The authors have studied the localization, the functional and radiological signs, the complications, the etiologies and the treatment, according to 212 cases of impacted canines. The upper impacted canines are more frequent and women are more concerned, it can be unilateral as well as bilateral. If the mentioned etiologies are debatable and if the functional signs are poor, the complications are frequent: infectious, mechanical, tumorous or algesic. The therapeutic approach should primarily consider the evolutive potential of the tooth. As a matter of fact, before undergoing any surgical or any complicated surgical orthodontic treatment, the result of our study shows that the eventual absence of any ankylosis image has to be precised on successive profile headfilms taken with an interval of 6 to 12 months. If any evolution is seen, it would be enough to remove the mucous obstacle and then bring the tooth to a normal position by some mechanical means. In the adverse case, the prognosis won't be favorable and leads to either abstention or a dubious therapeutics.

[Supernumerary teeth]. / Dents surnuméraires.

Through a study of 68 patients, presenting 84 supernumerary teeth all together and, after a thorough survey of the literature, we can now state accurately about the frequency, location, surgery, X-Ray and heredity involved. After recalling and discussing the various pathological theories already set up, a theory has been put forward, more specifically intent on the explanation of frequent supernumerary teeth in the upper front teeth area. Nevertheless, the theories of extra growth and the overgrowth of the external layer remain worth while to explain some other locations.

[Supernumerary molars]. / Molaires surnuméraires.

Supernumerary molars are a rather uncommon anomaly. It is more frequent in the upper than in the lower maxillary. Its pathology is often subdued and as a general rule it is detected by X-Ray. In our opinion, its setting shows two processes: --either an extra growth; it is then a normal tooth similar in shape to the wisdom tooth; --or an evagination of the external epithelial sheath giving way to a cone-shaped laterally set tooth.

[Buccal mucosal manifestations of Bourneville's tuberous sclerosis. Apropos of 3 cases]. / Manifestations muqueuses buccales de la sclérose tubéreuse de Bourneville. A propos de 3 cas.

Concerning three specimens of Bourneville tuberous sclerosis, after a brief recall of general statements about this disease, the authors describe in two out of the three cases published, lesions of buccal mucosis typical of this disease. Besicle hyperplasic lesions, quite common with these patients who are epileptic most of the time, thise lesions mostly consist of fibrous, non inflamatory nodule more frequents on gums, especially one the fore-part. The histologic aspects without being pathognomonic are still quite specific.