Pentoxifylline and tocopherol as prophylaxis for osteonecrosis of the jaw due to bone-modifying agents in patients with cancer submitted to tooth extraction: a case series.

PURPOSE: To assess the prophylaxis effect of pentoxifylline and tocopherol (PENTO) on the frequency and severity of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) diagnosed at three months in patients with cancer submitted to tooth extractions during the treatment with bone-modifying agents. METHODS: This case series was conducted at the outpatient dental clinic of the Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (IMIP) between April 2021 and April 2022. Patients ≥ 18 years old were included; those with maxillary metastasis or who performed head or neck radiotherapy were excluded. The PENTO protocol was prescribed two weeks before and two weeks after the tooth extraction, and patients were reassessed one week, one month, and three months after the extraction. The main outcome was the development of MRONJ. RESULTS: Of the 114 screened patients, 17 were included; they were aged between 43 and 73 years and were mostly female (88.2%). Thirty-two tooth extractions were performed (22 in the maxilla and 10 in the mandible). Breast cancer was the most predominant neoplasm (70.6%), being metastatic in 35.3% of patients. Also, all patients used intravenous bisphosphonates. Stage 1 MRONJ was diagnosed in three patients (17.6%), representing three (9.4%) of all tooth extractions. The repair of MRONJ was achieved 30 days after the PENTO protocol. CONCLUSION: The prophylaxis use of PENTO reduced the severity of injuries, was well-tolerated, and showed patient compliance.

Health Education: Development and Validation of a Guideline for Oral Hygiene of Children Undergoing Cancer Treatment

Children with cancer commonly present oral health impairments due to lack of orientation about oral hygiene, which should be directed to caregivers since they are essential in this process. We developed and validated a guideline directed to caregivers for oral hygiene of children with cancer. This exploratory methodological study developed an educational guideline in three stages: analysis of oral health of children attended at the oncology service; literature review and development of the guideline for oral hygiene; semantic, appearance, and content validation by dentists, education professionals, and the target population. We used the Educational Content Validation Instrument in Health, and agreements of ≥ 80 % among evaluators were considered to maintain or modify the assessed items. Professionals and caregivers were mostly female; the latter were predominantly mothers with low educational level from inland areas of Pernambuco state (Brazil). Most professionals had more than ten years of experience in pediatric dentistry. Agreement was > 80 % in all items. The content of the guideline for oral hygiene was valid and relevant to be used in children with cancer.

Los niños con cáncer comúnmente presentan afecciones en la salud bucal por falta de orientación sobre la higiene bucal, la cual debe ser dirigida a los cuidadores ya que son fundamentales en este proceso. Desarrollamos y validamos una guía dirigida a cuidadores para la higiene bucal de niños con cáncer. Este estudio metodológico exploratorio desarrolló una directriz educativa en tres etapas: análisis de la salud bucal de los niños atendidos en el servicio de oncología; revisión de la literatura y desarrollo de la guía para la higiene oral; validación semántica, de apariencia y de contenido por parte de odontólogos, profesionales de la educación y población objetivo. Se utilizó el Instrumento de Validación de Contenido Educativo en Salud, y se consideraron acuerdos ≥ 80 % entre evaluadores para mantener o modificar los ítems evaluados. Los profesionales y cuidadores eran en su mayoría mujeres; estas últimas eran predominantemente madres con bajo nivel educativo del interior del estado de Pernambuco (Brasil). La mayoría de los profesionales tenían más de diez años de experiencia en odontopediatría. La concordancia fue > 80 % en todos los ítems. El contenido de la guía de higiene oral fue válido y pertinente para ser utilizado en niños con cáncer.

Morphological Study of Root Canals of Maxillary Molars by Cone-Beam Computed Tomography.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the root canal morphology of permanent maxillary molars by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) using the classifications of Weine et al. and Vertucci and to correlate the findings with sex, age, position in the dental arch, and prevalence of a second canal in the mesiobuccal root (MB2). A total of 414 scans were evaluated, corresponding to 1,000 teeth. The assessment consisted of coronal, axial, and sagittal reconstructions using i-CAT Workstation®. Type 0 was assigned when neither classification could be applied. The data were entered into an Excel spreadsheet and analyzed using SPSS. The chi-squared test or Fisher's exact test was used to compare the distribution of root canal morphology classified using the two systems. Analysis of the distribution of Weine types showed a predominance of type III in mesiobuccal roots, while type 0 predominated in distobuccal and palatal roots. Vertucci type IV predominated in mesiobuccal and distobuccal roots and type VII in palatal roots. There was no difference in the distribution of morphological canal types in permanent maxillary molars evaluated by CBCT according to sex, age group, or position in the dental arch of the patients. MB2 canals were identified in 68.4% of the teeth evaluated.