MR imaging of soft-tissue vascular malformations: diagnosis, classification, and therapy follow-up.

Vascular malformations and tumors comprise a wide, heterogeneous spectrum of lesions that often represent a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Frequent use of an inaccurate nomenclature has led to considerable confusion. Since the treatment strategy depends on the type of vascular anomaly, correct diagnosis and classification are crucial. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is the most valuable modality for classification of vascular anomalies because it accurately demonstrates their extension and their anatomic relationship to adjacent structures. A comprehensive assessment of vascular anomalies requires functional analysis of the involved vessels. Dynamic time-resolved contrast material-enhanced MR angiography provides information about the hemodynamics of vascular anomalies and allows differentiation of high-flow and low-flow vascular malformations. Furthermore, MR imaging is useful in assessment of treatment success and establishment of a long-term management strategy. Radiologists should be familiar with the clinical and MR imaging features that aid in diagnosis of vascular anomalies and their proper classification. Furthermore, they should be familiar with MR imaging protocols optimized for evaluation of vascular anomalies and with their posttreatment appearances. Supplemental material available at http://radiographics.rsna.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1148/rg.315105213/-/DC1.

High spatial resolution magnetic resonance imaging of cystic adventitial disease of the popliteal artery.

High spatial resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of patients with cystic adventitial disease can demonstrate connections between cysts in the adventitia and the adjacent joint, which is important for successful treatment. The inability to identify these during surgery can lead to a recurrence; thus, high spatial resolution MRI has the potential to affect therapy. This article presents the high spatial resolution MRI findings of cystic adventitial disease in a series of three consecutive patients and discusses the relevance of these findings to the etiology and therapy.

Hypothenar hammer syndrome in a computer programmer: CTA diagnosis and surgical and endovascular treatment.

Finger ischemia due to embolic occlusion of digital arteries resulting from trauma to the palmar ulnar artery has been termed hypothenar hammer syndrome (HHS). In HHS, arterial thrombosis and/or aneurysm formation with embolization to the digital arteries causes symptoms of ischemia. We describe a patient in whom the initial diagnosis was made on multidetector computed tomographic angiography (CTA), as well as his endovascular and surgical management.

CT angiography of renal arteriovenous fistulae: a report of two cases.

Renal arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) are rare abnormal communications between the arterial and venous circulations that can be congenital or acquired. We describe the multidetector computed tomography angiography (MDCTA) appearance of 2 cases of renal AVF, one with the cirsoid and one with the aneurysmal subtype, and the impact of these findings on therapeutic decision making and treatment follow-up.

Recurrent cystic adventitial disease of the popliteal artery: successful treatment with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty.

Cystic adventitial disease (CAD) is a rare vascular condition that most commonly affects the popliteal artery. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) is generally not considered a valid therapeutic option due to high recurrence rate. We report a case of CAD of the popliteal artery that recurred after surgical cyst enucleation that was successfully treated with PTA. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of successful PTA for the treatment of recurrent CAD of the popliteal artery.