Development of a dry artificial diet for Nezara viridula (L.) and Euschistus heros (Fabricius) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae).

Artificial diets prepared with wheat germ, soybean protein, dextrosol, potato starch, sucrose, cellulose, soybean or sunflower oil, and vitamin solution for rearing Nezara viridula (L.) and Euschistus heros (Fabricius) were tested under controlled temperature (25 +/- 1 degrees C), RH (60 +/- 10%), and photophase (14h). Three diets were tested and compared with the natural diet privet [soybean and peanut seeds and privet Ligustrum lucidum Ait. fruit (Oleaceae)]. All three artificial diets allowed full development. The diet containing sunflower oil was the most suitable for N. viridula while E. heros developed better on a diet composed of soybean oil. Data indicated that the artificial diets were inferior to the natural diet. The artificial diets were more adequate for E. heros.

Development of a dry artificial diet for Nezara viridula (L) and Euschistus heros (Fabricius) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)

Artificial diets prepared with wheat germ, soybean protein, dextrosol, potato starch, sucrose, cellulose, soybean or sunflower oil, and vitamin solution for rearing Nezara viridula (L.) and Euschistus heros (Fabricius) were tested under controlled temperature (25 ± 1°C), RH (60 ± 10 percent), and photophase (14h). Three diets were tested and compared with the natural diet privet [soybean and peanut seeds and privet Ligustrum lucidum Ait. fruit (Oleaceae)]. All three artificial diets allowed full development. The diet containing sunflower oil was the most suitable for N. viridula while E. heros developed better on a diet composed of soybean oil. Data indicated that the artificial diets were inferior to the natural diet. The artificial diets were more adequate for E. heros.

Dietas artificiais preparadas à base de germe de trigo, proteína de soja, dextrosol, fécula de batata, sacarose, celulose, óleo de soja ou girassol, e solução vitamínica para a criação de Nezara viridula (L.) e Euschistus heros (Fabricius) foram testadas em condições controladas de temperatura (25 ± 1°C), UR (60 ± 10 por cento), e fotofase (14h). Três dietas foram testadas e comparadas com a natural [sementes de soja e amendoim e fruto de Ligustrum lucidum Ait. (Oleaceae)] As três dietas artificiais permitiram o desenvolvimento completo. A dieta contendo óleo de girassol foi a mais adequada para N. viridula enquanto que, para E. heros, o melhor desenvolvimento foi na dieta contendo óleo de soja. Os resultados obtidos indicam que as dietas artificiais foram inferiores à natural. As dietas artificiais foram mais adequadas para E. heros.

Biological, nutritional, and histochemical basis for improving an artificial diet for Bracon hebetor Say (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Avaliou-se a biologia de Bracon hebetor Say (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) criada em lagartas de 5º ínstar de Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) (dieta natural) e em dieta artificial. Caracterizou-se o número de ínstares, o tempo de desenvolvimento e o consumo de alimento; testes histoquímicos permitiram observar a presença/ausência de lipídios e proteínas no trato digestivo do parasitóide. Tais estudos possibilitaram detectar diferenças para o aprimoramento da dieta artificial para a criação do parasitóide. B. hebetor apresentou três ínstares larvais em ambos os substratos alimentares, contudo o ciclo do parasitóide foi prolongado quando criado em dieta artificial, devido ao alongamento das fases de larva e pupa. B. hebetor consumiu aproximadamente 3,8 µl de dieta artificial e, considerando o mesmo fluxo de alimentação, aqueles criados sobre o hospedeiro ingeriram 2,7 µl (proporcionalmente em relação ao tempo e ao peso) e apresentaram ganho de peso mais rápido. Análises da hemolinfa do hospedeiro natural, da dieta artificial e do tubo digestivo de larvas de B. hebetor indicaram a necessidade de adição de outras fontes de lipídios e proteínas na dieta artificial, buscando aproximar o sistema in vitro daquele representado pelas lagartas hospedeiras (sistema in vivo).

Biological, nutritional, and histochemical basis for improving an artificial diet for Bracon hebetor Say (Hymenoptera: Braconidae).

The biology of Bracon hebetor Say (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) reared on fifth instars of Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) (natural diet) and in vitro (artificial diet) was evaluated. Data on the number of instars, development time and food intake were collected, and histochemical tests were conducted to detect proteins and lipids in the parasitoid's digestive tract. The data disclosed differences that can help to improve artificial rearing of B. hebetor. B. hebetor had three instars in both diets, but the developmental time on the artificial diets was prolonged due to the increase in larval and pupal development times. Larvae grew faster on the natural host and required a lower food intake (2.7 microl) as compared to that required by the larvae feeding on the artificial diet (3.8 microl). Analysis of diet protein content and host hemolymph and the observations on the parasitoid larvae gut content indicated altogether the artificial diets requires the addition of others sources of proteins and lipids to improve the overall nutrition quality of the in vitro rearing system for this ectoparasitoid.