Green synthesis of benzimidazole derivatives by using zinc boron nitride catalyst and their application from DFT (B3LYP) study.

A new zinc-based boron nitride (Zn-BNT) material was synthesized from boron nitride and zinc acetate in 95% yield. The morphological and spectroscopic properties of Zn-BNT were elucidated by SEM, XRD, BET, DSC-TGA, and FT-IR. Zn-BNT catalyzed the synthesis of benzimidazoles (3a-3h) through a reaction between o-phenylenediamine and different aromatic aldehydes under microwave conditions for 15 min. The compounds were purified by silica-gel chromatography. The synthesized compounds were characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and elemental analysis. Zn-BNT was reused eight times with only a 5% loss of catalytic activity. Furthermore, 2-(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole (3f) was selected for a computational study of the IR and NMR spectrum, which matched the experimentally generated spectra. The HOMO-LUMO gap was 4.48, and the Fukui function analysis showed high activity in the reactive sites.

Evaluation of Oral Pentoxifylline in the Management of Oral Submucous Fibrosis - An Ultrasonographic Study.

AIM AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of oral pentoxifylline in the treatment of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) patients by assessing the clinical symptoms such as burning sensation, mouth opening, and submucosal layer thickness and echogenicity using ultrasonography, both pre- and post-operatively. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty study subjects were included in the study and divided into two groups in single-blind randomized manner, oral pentoxifylline and dexamethasone group. Burning sensation, mouth opening, ultrasonographic submucosal thickness, and echogenicity were recorded both pre- and post-operatively. Any adverse effects reported by the patients were also noted. The data collected were statistically analyzed, and response to pentoxifylline and intralesional dexamethasone with hyaluronidase was observed using ultrasonography. RESULTS: A highly significant reduction (P < 0.001) in burning sensation, improvement in mouth opening, and changes in submucosal thickness were noticed in both groups, and significant improvement (P < 0.05) in echogenicity in both the groups was noticed. However, pentoxifylline group showed marginally better improvement than dexamethasone group. CONCLUSION: Pentoxifylline can bring about significant improvement in OSMF, which can be used as better alternative where intralesional steroid was contraindicated or not well tolerated.