RESUMO
A growing body of evidence suggests that host genetic factors play an important role both in susceptibility to human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infection and in progression to AIDS. Interleukin 18 (IL-18) is a pleiotropic proinflammatory cytokine that serves as an important regulator of immune responses. It plays a key role in induction of both Th1 and Th2 cytokines and, thereby, modulates their immune responses. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the IL-18 gene promoter region may lead to an altered transcriptional activity and IL-18 production, and so this may account for individuals' variation to the risk of HIV-1 infection. With this perspective, the -137G/C polymorphism in the promoter region of the IL-18 gene was studied in 500 patients with HIV-1/AIDS and an equal number of sex and age matched healthy controls using sequence specific polymerase chain reaction analysis. We did not observe any significant association of the heterozygous G/C genotype with the risk of HIV-1-infection/AIDS. However, statistically signiï¬cant associations of the G allele and homozygous G/G genotype of -137 G/C polymorphism of IL-18 promoter with increased risk of HIV-1/AIDS were identiï¬ed. The data of the present study suggest that IL-18 -137 G allele and G/G genotype seem to be involved in the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection among North Indians.
Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Infecções por HIV/genética , Interleucina-18/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas/genética , População Branca/genética , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/etnologia , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/imunologia , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/virologia , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Infecções por HIV/etnologia , Infecções por HIV/imunologia , Infecções por HIV/virologia , HIV-1/patogenicidade , Humanos , Índia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
Genetic polymorphisms in DNA repair genes may influence individual variations in the DNA repair capacity. Polymorphisms in the XRCC1 gene that cause amino acid substitutions may impair the interaction of its proteins (XRCC1) with the other enzymatic proteins and consequently alter DNA repair function, which may be associated with the risk of HIV-1/AIDS disease. In this study, we aimed to determine the frequency of polymorphisms in XRCC1 codon 399 in a sample of Indian population with HIV-1/AIDS to evaluate its association with the disease. Polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism were used to analyse XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphisms in 300 positively diagnosed cases with HIV-1/AIDS and an equal number of negatively diagnosed controls of the matched age. The XRCC1 homozygous variant genotype Gln399Gln was associated with an increased risk of HIV-1/AIDS disease (OR = 1.8, 95% CI 1.10-2.94), while no association was found with the Arg399Gln genotype. Polymorphisms in the XRCC1 homozygous variant genotype for the 399Gln allele were associated with the risk of HIV-1/AIDS disease in a sample of North Indian population.
Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/genética , Reparo do DNA , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/genética , HIV-1/patogenicidade , Polimorfismo Genético , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Genótipo , Humanos , Índia , Proteína 1 Complementadora Cruzada de Reparo de Raio-XRESUMO
In the present study some herbal extracts have been tested for their antibacterial activity using seven different strains of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria to measure the zone of inhibition. Extracts were found devoid of activity against all the microorganisms.
