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1.
Front Allergy ; 3: 818049, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36238929

RESUMO

Background: The newly developed mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines can provoke anaphylaxis, possibly induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG) contained in the vaccine. The management of persons with a history of PEG allergy or with a suspected allergic reaction after the first dose remains to be defined. Methods: In this real-life study, we defined two cohorts of individuals: one pre-vaccination including 187 individuals with high-risk profiles for developing anaphylaxis and a second post-vaccination including 87 individuals with suspected allergic reactions after the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. Upon negative skin test with an mRNA vaccine, a two-step (10-90%) vaccination protocol was performed. Positive skin tests were confirmed with the basophil activation test (BAT). Results: Among 604,267 doses of vaccine, 87 suspected allergic reactions (5 after the booster) were reported to our division for further investigations: 18/87 (21%) were consistent with anaphylaxis, 78/87 (90%) were female, and 47/87 (54%) received the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. Vaccine skin tests were negative in 96% and 76% of the pre- and post-vaccination cohorts, respectively. A two-step vaccination was tolerated in 232/236 (98%) of individuals with negative tests. Four individuals experienced isolated asthmatic reactions during the two-step challenge. Vaccine-positive skin tests were consistently confirmed by BAT; CD63 and CD203c expression was selectively inhibited with ibrutinib, suggesting an IgE-dependent mechanism. Conclusion: Sensitization to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines can be detected with intradermal testing. Significantly more individuals were sensitized to mRNA vaccines in the post-vaccination cohort. A two-step 10-90%-vaccination protocol can be safely administered upon negative skin testing.

2.
Rev Med Suisse ; 16(689): 688-693, 2020 Apr 08.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32270936

RESUMO

Allergy to furry animals is a frequent health issue, and should be suspected when investigating any yearlong rhinoconjonctivitis or asthma. A detailed medical history and skin prick tests are usually sufficient for diagnosis, and if necessary, specific IgE testing may be performed. In case of proven hypersensitivity, avoidance of animal allergens is the main therapeutic measure, primarily by removing the animal from the patient's environment, in association with symptomatic treatment. If animal removing is impossible, other measures exist to decrease allergen load, but not with the same -efficacy as removing the animal, particularly for asthma. Immunotherapy is available for cat and dog allergy, but indication is to be carefully discussed.


Les allergies aux mammifères à poils sont une problématique ­répandue, et une hypersensibilité aux phanères d'animaux est à rechercher devant toute rhino-conjonctivite ou tout asthme ­perannuels. Une anamnèse soigneuse associée aux prick-tests permet d'orienter le diagnostic, qui sera en cas de doute complété par des dosages d'immunoglobulines E (IgE) spécifiques. Face à une hypersensibilité avérée, l'éviction est la pierre angulaire de la prise en charge, associée à un traitement symptomatique. En cas d'impossibilité pour le patient de se séparer de son animal, des mesures existent pour diminuer la charge en allergènes, bien qu'elles soient insuffisantes pour prévenir toute ­exacerbation des symptômes, surtout en cas d'asthme. Des ­désensibilisations existent pour l'allergie au chat et au chien, à discuter au cas par cas.


Assuntos
Asma , Cabelo/imunologia , Hipersensibilidade , Alérgenos/imunologia , Animais , Asma/diagnóstico , Asma/imunologia , Asma/terapia , Gatos , Cães , Humanos , Hipersensibilidade/diagnóstico , Hipersensibilidade/imunologia , Hipersensibilidade/terapia , Imunoterapia , Testes Cutâneos
3.
Rev Med Suisse ; 15(645): 706-709, 2019 Apr 03.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30942967

RESUMO

Allergic reactions to fish are potentially life-threatening. We detail here various reactions to fish, notably anaphylaxis and food protein induced enterocolitis syndrome, as well as confounders such as reactions to the parasite Anisakis and scombroid poisoning. Most IgE-mediated reactions are directed to ß-parvalbumin. This thermo-resistant protein is highly conserved between species of osseous fish, and accounts for allergic cross-reactivity. Cartilaginous fish such as rays express α-parvalbumin, and may constitute an alternative food source in subjects allergic to the beta-form. Diagnosis relies on a meticulous history, skin-prick testing preferably with fresh fish; search for specific IgE and food challenge. Once the diagnosis is established, prevention consists in avoiding all fish products susceptible to induce a reaction.


L'objectif de cet article est de familiariser le praticien avec les différentes réactions immuno-allergiques au poisson, notamment l'anaphylaxie et le syndrome d'entéropathie, induites par les protéines alimentaires. Les facteurs confondants sont les réactions au parasite Anisakis et le syndrome scombroïde. Les réactions IgE-médiées sont majoritairement dues à la ß-parvalbumine. Cette protéine résiste à la cuisson et est hautement conservée entre espèces de poisson osseux, ce qui explique les réactions croisées. Les poissons cartilagineux tels que la raie expriment l'α-parvalbumine et leur chair pourrait constituer une alternative pour les allergiques à la ß-parvalbumine. Le diagnostic repose sur une anamnèse méticuleuse, les tests cutanés préférablement effectués avec la chair de poisson frais, la recherche d'IgE spécifiques et le test de provocation alimentaire. L'attitude consiste à éviter la consommation des poissons susceptibles de provoquer une réaction.


Assuntos
Anisakis , Hipersensibilidade Alimentar , Alimentos Marinhos , Alérgenos , Animais , Peixes
4.
Rev Med Suisse ; 15(N° 632-633): 23-26, 2019 Jan 09.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30629362

RESUMO

Asthma is a chronic disease that is still frequently poorly controlled, despite recent advances in understanding its pathophysiology. Poor compliance and ineffective inhalation technique remain the main causes of treatment failure. The comorbidities associated with asthma, such as obesity and chronic rhinosinusitis, are other elements to consider in the management of patients. Biological treatments targeting inflammation mediators show encouraging results in recurrent asthma exacerbations despite optimal management. However, their benefit remains limited to certain patients, thus requiring the study of predictive biomarkers to better delineate their indication.


L'asthme est une maladie chronique encore souvent mal contrôlée, et ce, malgré les récents progrès concernant la compréhension de sa physiopathologie. Une mauvaise adhésion aux traitements et une technique d'inhalation inefficace restent les causes principales d'échecs thérapeutiques. Les comorbidités associées à l'asthme, telles que l'obésité et la rhinosinusite chronique, sont d'autres éléments à considérer dans la prise en charge des patients. Lors d'exacerbations asthmatiques récidivantes, malgré une prise en charge optimale, des traitements biologiques ciblant les promoteurs de l'inflammation montrent des résultats encourageants. Leur bénéfice reste toutefois limité à certains patients, ce qui impose à l'avenir l'étude de biomarqueurs prédictifs de réponse à ces traitements ciblés.


Assuntos
Antiasmáticos , Asma , Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Falha de Tratamento
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