Twelve tips for teaching in virtual reality.

Virtual reality (VR) is a technology that is seeing increasing use in medical education as a means to complement or prepare students for clinical practice in a safe space. Whilst effective for learning, it can be difficult to use effectively and requires significant planning to avoid the technological tail wagging the educational dog. We have run educational sessions using the technology to teach anatomy and clinical reasoning that have been well received by students at Queen Mary, University of London. In this article, we share 12 practical tips from our experiences on how to create and deliver learning using VR.

Anaesthesia for laparoscopic surgery.

Laparoscopic surgery has become increasingly common with reduced postoperative pain and faster recovery. Clinicians managing patients undergoing abdominal laparoscopic surgery should appreciate the physiological changes which mainly arise from patient positioning and the effects of pneumoperitoneum.