ADHD in adults with major depressive or bipolar disorder: does it affect clinical features, comorbidity, quality of life, and global functioning?

BACKGROUND: This study compared clinical characteristics, concurrent disorders, level of function, and quality of life in adults with bipolar (BD) or major depressive disorder (MDD) in those with/without adult attention defici1t hyperactivity disorder (AADHD). METHODS: The participants were recruited among adult inpatients and outpatients with MDD or BD in their current partial remission in a psychiatric hospital. They were evaluated using the interview for adults with ADHD (DIVA-5), Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scales-Self-Report-Screening Version (CAARS-SR-SV), Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-V (SCID-5), Beck Depression Inventory-II and Young Mania Rating Scale, Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) and World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale-Brief (WHOQoL-BREF). RESULTS: In those with MDD (n = 105) and BD (n = 103), AADHD was detected as 13.3% and 16.5%, respectively. The inattentive presentation was the most prevalent type among patients with AADHD. Compared to the patients without AADHD, the results regarding the prevalence of comorbidities, suicidal attempts, severity of affective episodes, the early emergence of the affective disorders, and level of quality of life and global functioning were poorer in the group with AADHD (p < 0.05). LIMITATIONS: The participants were individuals with major depressive or bipolar type I disorder with a mostly manic episode, chosen among the referrals to a tertiary psychiatric hospital with high comorbidity and more severe psychopathology. This may limit the generalizability of the findings. CONCLUSION: ADHD was common in adults with MDD and BD, along with high psychiatric comorbidity and negative consequences. Clinicians are suggested to screen adults with mood disorders for the symptoms of ADHD for a more precise and comprehensive diagnosis and to provide a more appropriate therapeutic intervention.

A survey of quality of life in adolescents with epilepsy in Iran.

BACKGROUND: Psychosocial problems seem to be common in epilepsy, and they could negatively affect the social affairs and networking of adolescents with epilepsy. They could cause decreased self-esteem and social performance, leading to isolation and civil discrimination. This study was performed to assess the quality of life (QOL) of a group of adolescents with epilepsy in Iran. METHODS: An analytic cross-sectional study was performed in 197 young Iranian adolescents with epilepsy. To measure the QOL of these cases, the Persian version of the QOL in Epilepsy Inventory for Adolescents 48 (QOLIE-AD-48) scale was used. RESULTS: The mean total score of the scale was 61.5±10.4. The highest mean was in the school behavior domain (83.85±12.27), while the lowest mean was in the domain of attitudes toward epilepsy (22.45±15.78). There was a significant correlation between QOL and age, number of drugs taken, and frequency of seizures per year. Sixty-six percent of the adolescents with epilepsy had never talked to their friends or teachers about their disease. CONCLUSION: This study revealed an unsatisfactory state of the QOL of adolescents with epilepsy in our population in comparison with other studies. This indicates the need for greater concern about the psychological status and risk factors for the QOL of adolescents with epilepsy in Iran.