Salvage radiotherapy for biochemical relapse after complete PSA response following radical prostatectomy: outcome and prognostic factors for patients who have never received hormonal therapy.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the results of salvage conformal radiation therapy (3DC-EBRT) for patients submitted to radical prostatectomy (RP) who have achieved complete PSA response and who have never been treated with hormonal therapy (HT).To present the results of biochemical control, a period free from hormonal therapy and factors related to its prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: from August 2002 to December 2004, 43 prostate cancer patients submitted to RP presented biochemical failure after achieving a PSA < 0.2 ng/ml. They have never received HT and were submitted to salvage 3DC-EBRT. Median age was 62 years, median preoperative PSA was 8.8 ng/ml, median Gleason Score was 7. Any PSA rise above 0.2 was defined as biochemical failure after surgery. Median 3DC-EBRT dose was 70 Gy, biochemical failure after EBRT was defined as 3 consecutive rises in PSA or a single rise enough to trigger HT. RESULTS: 3-year biochemical non-evidence of disease (BNED) was 71%. PSA doubling time lower than 4 months (p = 0.01) and time from recurrence to salvage EBRT (p = 0.04) were associated with worse chance of biochemical control. Biochemical control of 76% was achieved when RT had been introduced with a PSA lower than 1 ng/ml vs. 48% with a PSA higher than 1 (p = 0.19). Late toxicity was acceptable. CONCLUSION: 70% of biochemical control in 3 years can be achieved with salvage radiotherapy in selected patients. The importance of PSADT was confirmed in this study and radiotherapy should be started as early as possible. Longer follow up is necessary, but it is possible to conclude that a long interval free from hormonal therapy was achieved with low rate of toxicity avoiding or at least delaying several important adverse effects related to hormonal treatment.

Preoperative external beam radiotherapy and reduced dose brachytherapy for carcinoma of the cervix: survival and pathological response.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the pathologic response of cervical carcinoma to external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) and high dose rate brachytherapy (HDRB) and outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 1992 and 2001, 67 patients with cervical carcinoma were submitted to preoperative radiotherapy. Sixty-five patients were stage IIb. Preoperative treatment included 45 Gy EBRT and 12 Gy HDRB. Patients were submitted to surgery after a mean time of 82 days. Lymphadenectomy was performed in 81% of patients. Eleven patients with residual cervix residual disease on pathological specimen were submitted to 2 additional insertions of HDRB. RESULTS: median follow up was 72 months. Five-year cause specific survival was 75%, overall survival 65%, local control 95%. Complete pelvic pathological response was seen in 40%. Surgery performed later than 80 days was associated with pathological response. Pelvic nodal involvement was found in 12%. Complete pelvic pathological response and negative lymphnodes were associated with better outcome (p = .03 and p = .005). Late grade 3 and 4 urinary and intestinal adverse effects were seen in 12 and 2% of patients. CONCLUSION: Time allowed between RT and surgery correlated with pathological response. Pelvic pathological response was associated with improved outcome. Postoperative additional HDRB did not improve therapeutic results. Treatment was well tolerated.

Caracterizaçäo dos nascidos vivos hospitalares no primeiro ano de implantaçäo do Subsistema de Informaçäo sobre Nascidos Vivos, em município de Minas Gerais, Brasil, 1996 / A study of liveborn infants in a municipality of Southeastern Brazil, 1996

Acreditando na importância de se conhecer as condiçöes de nascimento para o planejamento das açöes de materno-infantil, foi realizado estudo que visa a distribuir os nascidos vivos do município, segundo peso ao nascer, idade e grau de instruçäo da mäe e tipo de parto. A populaçäo estudada foi composta por 2.315 nascidos vivos no Município de Passos (MG), no período de 12 de abril de 1965 a 30 de abril de 1996, sendo 2.311 em hospitais e 4 no domicílio, embora tenham procurado o hospital imediatamente. A obtençäo dos dados foi facilitada pela implementaçäo do Subsistema de Informaçäo sobre Nascidos Vivos - SINASC, durante esse período. O instrumento utilizado para coleta de dados foi a Declaraçäo de Nascidos Vivos, que é um documento oficial do SINASC. Os dados foram lançados em computador, onde foram levantadas as variáveis de interesse para o presente estudo. A incidência de baixo peso ao nascer foi de 10 por cento. Quanto à idade da mäe, 31,1 por cento apresentavam-se entre 20 e 24 anos e 19,5 por cento abaixo de 20 anos. Em relaçäo ao grau de escolaridade da mäe, 68,6 por cento possuíam apenas o primeiro grau incompleto e 5,7 por cento nível superior. Quanto ao tipo de parto, a proporçäo de cesáreas foi de 9,1 por cento, enquanto a de parto espontâneo foi de 40,9 por cento