[The determination of the leukocyte-modulating activity of the blood serum in an acute coronary syndrome]. / Opredelenie leikotsitmoduliruiushchei aktivnosti syvorotki krovi pri ostrom koronarnom sindrome.

A method for evaluating the serum leukocyte-modulating activity (LMA) in patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is proposed. The method consists in measuring the total phlogogenic potential of the blood serum from increase or decrease in the chemiluminescence of donor leukocyte suspension after its incubation with patient's serum. LMA sufficiently accurately reflects the imbalance between the pro- and anti-inflammatory activities of the serum in patients with UAP and AMI. Predominance of the stimulating components in the serum predicts a more acute course and rapid development of AMI with complications. Inhibition of the leukocyte activity by patient's serum predicts a torpid protracted course of the acute coronary syndrome, indicative of an extremely low phlogogenic potential of the serum. The course of the acute coronary syndrome is complicated in both cases, requiring additional correction with anti-inflammatory drugs.

[The effect of nedocromil sodium on the luminal-dependent chemiluminescence of whole-blood leukocytes]. / Vliianie nedokromila natriia na liuminolzavisimuiu khemiliuminestsentsiiu leikotsitov tsel'noi krovi.

Nedocromil sodium in concentrations of 10(-3) to 10(-9) M dose-dependently inhibits a zymosan (2 mg/ml)-induced chemiluminescence response (CLR) of whole blood leukocytes and, to a lesser extent, phorbol myrystate acetate (PMA)-induced CLR. The count of diformazan-positive granulocytes in the zymosan-induced nitroblue tetrazolium test slightly reduced in the presence of 10(5) nedocromil sodium. PMA in a dose of 10(-9) M did not induce CLR, but brought about leukocyte priming, thus sensitizing them to secondary triggering by suboptimal zymosan concentrations (0.5 mg/ml). A subsequent stimulation of leukocytes with PMA + zymosan demonstrated that nedocromil sodium (10(-7) M) inhibited mainly priming PMA rather than the zymosan-triggering step of leukocyte activation.

[Functional state of the hematopoietic system in different stages of CCL4-induced liver fibrosis in mice]. / Funktsional'noe sostoianie sistemy gemopoéza na raznykh stadiiakh CCL4-gepatofibroza u myshei.

The state of hemopoietic system at different stages of CCL4-induced liver fibrosis in mice and its reaction to stimuli was examined. At early stages of liver fibrosis (2 weeks of CCL4-administration) we observed a disinhibition of granulo-monocytopoiesis. This is manifested in an increase of the number of immature granulocytes, monocytes/macrophages and CFU-GM in the bone marrow. After 24 h of zymosan injection in this stage an increase of both bone marrow CFU-GM and CFU-E, and the rate of serum colony stimulating activity (CSA) occurred. On the contrary, in advanced liver fibrosis (16 weeks of CCL4 administration), the rate of both granulo-monocytopoiesis and erythropoiesis were decreased as compared with the preceding stage of the process and the response to zymosan became perverted: the number of CFU-GM was paradoxically decreased, while the number of CFU-E remained practically unchanged. The rate of serum CSA increased very poorly too. Thus, in advanced liver fibrosis the hemopoietic system is functionally defective and this factor may be important in development of fibrotic process in the liver.

[Pathogenetic principles of the diagnosis of chronic inflammation]. / Patogeneticheskie printsipy diagnostiki khronicheskogo vospaleniia.

The main attention in diagnosis of chronic exudative-destructive inflammation resulting from tissue injury should be focused on responsiveness and functional reserves of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PML) from blood and lesion, the key effectors of inflammatory reaction. The ability of phagocytes to migrate into the lesion site and generate phlogogenic substances is to be analysed. Basing on the initial state of PML system and its functional limits one can predict the effectiveness of the treatment with antiinflammatory drugs and immunostimulators. In the diagnosis of mononuclear infiltrative inflammation the reliable assessment of macrophage responsiveness and their relations with lymphoid cells is of great importance.

[Sensitivity of phagocytes in the blood and bronchoalveolar tract to hydrocortisone in acute injury of the respiratory organs]. / Chuvstvitel'nosti fagotsitov krovi i bronkhoal'veoliarnogo trakta k gidrokortizonu pri ostrom povrezhdenii organov dykhaniia.

Pneumonia was modelled in experiments on female hybrid mice (CBA X C57Bl)F1 by intratracheal administration of 0.1 ml of 0.4% AgNO3 solution. The functional activity of alveolar macrophages and neutrophils of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and blood after administration of hydrocortisone (125 mg/kg) was studied in the early stage of pneumonia. The bactericidal and absorptive capacity of neutrophils of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and blood diminished considerably under the effect of the hormone. The inhibiting effect of hydrocortisone on the bactericidal activity of alveolar macrophages from the focus of inflammation was more marked than the effect on the cells of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from the lungs of intact animals.

[Induction of granulomatous liver inflammation by noninfectious particles]. / Induktsiia granulematoznogo vospaleniia pecheni neinfektsionnymi chastitsami.

A single intravenous injection of 0.1 mg/g of zymosan led to the formation of granuloma-type clusters of mononuclears in the liver of CBA mice or (CBA X C57B1)F1 hybrid mice. The area occupied by the granulomas grows for 3 to 9 days and then gradually diminishes so that the granulomas disappear practically in one month. Hydrocortisone injected in a dose of 125 mg/kg 2 and 24 hours before or 2 and 24 hours after zymosan inhibited the initiation of granulomas but, at the same time, led to their slower involution. Mice with zymosan-induced granulomas became hypersensitive to the derivate of an endotoxin--prodigiosin, a polysaccharide obtained from S. marcescens. After intravenous infusion of a preparation of corpuscular alkaline phosphatase (CAP) granuloma-like structures also appear in the liver of rats. In distinction from zymosan-induced granulomas they persist for a much longer time (up to 27 weeks). The first signs of CAP-induced granulomas appear in 3 days. The liver per cent by volume occupied by the granulomas gradually doubles by the 15th week and then reduces. At the same time, the number of granulomas per 1 mm3 of hepatic tissue remains practically constant for 3 to 21 weeks from the moment of the induction by CAP. Their average size grows slowly and reaches maximum by the 15th week, with significant variations. Desmine and reticular fibres accumulate in the granulomas, which is evidence of active involvement of hepatic fat-accumulating cells in their formation. The results show that resident macrophages are the triggers of granulomatous inflammation of the liver.

[The effect of hydrocortisone on neutrophil functional activity]. / Vliianie gidrokortizona na funktsional'nuiu aktivnost' neitrofilov.

The male (CBA X C57BL) FI mice received 125 mg of hydrocortisone per kg body weight intraperitoneally. The functional activity of neutrophils has been evaluated by means of nitroblue terazolium test (NBT-test) values taken before or after heat-killed S. marcescens cell stimulation in vitro by 2, 12, 24 h 3, 7 or 14 days post hormonal treatment. Throughout the 1st day after hydrocortisone administration the NBT-test values taken prior to as well as post microbial neutrophil stimulation were steadily increased. This effect could be seen as early as 2 h post hormone administration and it was linked with growing leukopenia and total decrease of blood granulocyte content. By the 3rd day the same very values turned up to become normal. The NBT-test values after microbial stimulation of neutrophils were 1.7 or 2.4 lower after hydrocortisone had been added to blood in vitro in a dose 3.5 X 10(-6) M or 7 X 10(-5) M.

[The reactivity of pulmonary and hepatic macrophages in normal and prestimulated animals]. / Reaktivnost' makrofagov legkikh i pecheni normal'nykh i predvaritel'no stimulirovannykh zhivotnykh.

The rate of blood clearing of colloidal carbon increased two-fold as compared to the controls 5 days after prodigiosin injection. This was attended by intensified recruitment of macrophages into the alveoli and increase in the number of phagocytizing macrophages in the interstitium of the lungs by 1.5 times above normal. After administration of zymosan granules, the rate of colloid carbon clearance increased 1.5-fold in 5 days and 2.5-fold on the 9th day; the recruitment of macrophages into the alveoli and the number of phagocytizing macrophages in the interstitium of the lungs increased two-fold. At the same time, granuloma-type mononuclear infiltrates formed in the lungs and liver. Prodigiosin injection increases the rate of blood clearance 1.2-fold in animals stimulated by zymosan granules, while the volume of mononuclear infiltration, which acquires a diffuse character, increases 2.5-fold as compared to the value in zymosan stimulated animals. The effects of phagocyte reconciliation may be directly related to exacerbations of chronic inflammatory diseases of different localization.

[Changes of macrophage function after graded physical loading]. / Izmenenie funktsii makrofagov posle dozirovannoi fizicheskoi nagruzki.

Intensive physical loading (swimming for 3.5 hours with a load amounting to 4% of body weight for rats and for 1 hour without a load for mice) reduced 5-6-fold the clearing function of the mononuclear phagocyte system of untrained animals. The absorption function of Kupffer's cells diminished 2-fold, whereas clearance through macrophages of the lung interstitium was activated. Kupffer's cells of trained animals (daily swimming for 1 hour for 10 days) acquired tolerance to loading. Preliminary administration of zymosan (3-14 days before intensive physical loading) increased the animals' resistance to stress 2-3-fold.