[Use of cyclosporine 0.05% in various ocular surface disorders].

It is proved that chronic ocular surface inflammatory disease (including allergic blepharitis, recurrent chalyazia, punctuate keratitis, recurrent herpetic corneal erosions, late stages of adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis, etc.) takes part in the development of secondary dry eye syndrome (DES). However, therapies for inflammation-induced impairment of tear production do not provide long-term control of inflammatory process. Cyclosporine 0.05% eye drops are an option. Their effect is well-studied in foreign practice. Local application experience of cyclosporine 0.05% eye drops was summarized at a meeting of the Russian expert group on DES and conclusions were made on their effectiveness in treatment of dry eye syndrome associated with certain ocular surface inflammatory disorders, such as allergic blepharoconjunctivitis, late stages of adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis, and others.

[Clinical forms of acanthamoeba keratitis as viewed from the standpoint of biomicroscopy and confocal microscopy]. / Klinicheskie formy akantamebnogo keratita v svete biomikroskopii i konfokal'noi mikroskopii.

Clinical cases of 60 patients with acanthamebic keratitis examined by biomicroscopy and of 22 patients largely examined by confocal microscopy are generalized. Acanthamebic keratitis is a slowly progressing infectious lesion of the cornea, which is caused by acanthamebas freely residing in soil and water. Contaminated contact lenses are the key risk factor. The main clinical features of acanthamebic keratitis are defined; they are presence of risk factors; a unilateral lesion in young, healthy and immune-competent persons; a typical clinical pattern of surface keratitis mainly of the ring shape; corneal neuritis without corneal neovascularization but with a severe pain in the eye; and a slow chronic clinical course, i.e. lasting for several weeks and months. Confocal microscopy is the most effective and fast diagnostic tool because it ensures the detection of acanthamebic cysts and trophozoids in all strata of the corneal stroma. The authors isolate, within the clinical course of acanthamebic keratitis, 5 stages; they are surface epithelial keratitis; surface epithelial punctate keratitis; stromal ring-shaped keratitis; ulcerous keratitis; and keratoscleritis.

[Characteristics of pharmacodynamics of drugs after excimer laser surgery (an experimental study)]. / Osobennosti farmakodinamiki lekarstvennykh sredstv posle éksimerlazernykh operatsii (éksperimental'noe issledovanie).

Pharmacodynamics of dexamethasone, fluoromethanol, sodium diclofenak, and tobramicin after photorefraction keratectomy (PRK) and intrastromal laser keratectomy (ILK) was studied in rabbits. Eximer laser operations modulated the barrier functions of the cornea. The highest concentrations of drugs in anterior chamber humor during the first 20 min after instillations was observed after ILK in comparison with the control (intact cornea). The highest coefficient of effective drug diffusion through the cornea was observed after PRK in comparison with ILK. The drug efficiency was higher after ILK than after PRK, which is seen from the maximum concentrations of drugs entering the cornea immediately after instillation and prolongation of the drug effect due to its decelerated diffusion through the cornea.

[Comparative study of tears protein composition in patients after photorefractive keratectomy and laser specialized keratomileusis]. / Sravnitel'noe issledovanie belkovogo sostava slezy patsientov posle fotorefraktsionnoi keratoéktomii i lazernogo spetsializirovannogo keratomileza.

Changes in the protein spectrum of the lacrimal fluid, resultant from refraction ocular surgery (photorefraction keratectomy, PRK, and laser specialized keratomileusis, LASIK) were evaluated. Lacrimal fluid was collected before operation and in various terms after it in 28 patients (48 eyes) subjected to PRK and in 34 patients (59 eyes) subjected to LASIK. Biochemical analysis of the lacrimal fluid was performed on a mass spectrometer. After PRK the greatest changes in the protein spectrum occurred immediately after the operation before reepithelialization. Changes after LASIK were negligible. Refraction laser operations cause changes in the protein composition of tears, LASIK being more physiological than PRK from viewpoint of intactness of the protein composition of tears.