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1.
Genes (Basel) ; 12(7)2021 06 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34206215

RESUMO

One of the recently described syndromes emerging from the massive study of cohorts of undiagnosed patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and syndromic intellectual disability (ID) is White-Sutton syndrome (WHSUS) (MIM #616364), caused by variants in the POGZ gene (MIM *614787), located on the long arm of chromosome 1 (1q21.3). So far, more than 50 individuals have been reported worldwide, although phenotypic features and natural history have not been exhaustively characterized yet. The phenotypic spectrum of the WHSUS is broad and includes moderate to severe ID, microcephaly, variable cerebral malformations, short stature, brachydactyly, visual abnormalities, sensorineural hearing loss, hypotonia, sleep difficulties, autistic features, self-injurious behaviour, feeding difficulties, gastroesophageal reflux, and other less frequent features. Here, we report the case of a girl with microcephaly, brain malformations, developmental delay (DD), peripheral polyneuropathy, and adducted thumb-a remarkable clinical feature in the first years of life-and heterozygous for a previously unreported, de novo splicing variant in POGZ. This report contributes to strengthen and expand the knowledge of the clinical spectrum of WHSUS, pointing out the importance of less frequent clinical signs as diagnostic handles in suspecting this condition.


Assuntos
Transtorno do Espectro Autista/genética , Deficiência Intelectual/genética , Polineuropatias/genética , Transposases/genética , Transtorno do Espectro Autista/diagnóstico , Transtorno do Espectro Autista/diagnóstico por imagem , Transtorno do Espectro Autista/fisiopatologia , Cromossomos Humanos Par 1/genética , Feminino , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Humanos , Lactente , Deficiência Intelectual/diagnóstico , Deficiência Intelectual/diagnóstico por imagem , Deficiência Intelectual/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Polineuropatias/diagnóstico , Polineuropatias/diagnóstico por imagem , Polineuropatias/fisiopatologia , Sequenciamento do Exoma
2.
Genes (Basel) ; 12(6)2021 06 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34200686

RESUMO

Since 2011, eight males with an X-linked recessive disorder (Ogden syndrome, MIM #300855) associated with the same missense variant p.(Ser37Pro) in the NAA10 gene have been described. After the advent of whole exome sequencing, many NAA10 variants have been reported as causative of syndromic or non-syndromic intellectual disability in both males and females. The NAA10 gene lies in the Xq28 region and encodes the catalytic subunit of the major N-terminal acetyltransferase complex NatA, which acetylates almost half the human proteome. Here, we present a young female carrying a de novo NAA10 [NM_003491:c.247C > T, p.(Arg83Cys)] variant. The 18-year-old girl has severely delayed motor and language development, autistic traits, postnatal growth failure, facial dysmorphisms, interventricular septal defect, neuroimaging anomalies and epilepsy. Our attempt is to expand and compare genotype-phenotype correlation in females with NAA10-related syndrome. A detailed clinical description could have relevant consequences for the clinical management of known and newly identified individuals.


Assuntos
Anormalidades Craniofaciais/genética , Deficiências do Desenvolvimento/genética , Doenças Genéticas Ligadas ao Cromossomo X/genética , Deficiência Intelectual/genética , Acetiltransferase N-Terminal A/genética , Acetiltransferase N-Terminal E/genética , Fenótipo , Adolescente , Anormalidades Craniofaciais/patologia , Deficiências do Desenvolvimento/patologia , Feminino , Doenças Genéticas Ligadas ao Cromossomo X/patologia , Genótipo , Humanos , Deficiência Intelectual/patologia , Mutação de Sentido Incorreto , Síndrome
3.
Neurogenetics ; 22(1): 19-25, 2021 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32816121

RESUMO

Basel-Vanagaite-Smirin-Yosef syndrome (BVSYS) is an extremely rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder caused by variants in the MED25 gene. It is characterized by severe developmental delay and variable craniofacial, neurological, ocular, and cardiac anomalies. Since 2015, through whole exome sequencing, 20 patients have been described with common clinical features and biallelic variants in MED25, leading to a better definition of the phenotype associated with BVSYS. We report two young sisters, born to consanguineous parents, presenting with intellectual disability, neurological findings, and dysmorphic features typical of BVSYS, and also with bilateral perisylvian polymicrogyria. The younger sister died at the age of 1 year without autoptic examination. Whole exome sequencing detected a homozygous frameshift variant in the MED25 gene: NM_030973.3:c.1778_1779delAG, p.(Gln593Argfs). This report further delineates the most common clinical features of BVSYS and points to polymicrogyria as a distinctive neuroradiological feature of this syndrome.


Assuntos
Anormalidades Múltiplas/genética , Deficiências do Desenvolvimento/genética , Deficiência Intelectual/genética , Malformações do Desenvolvimento Cortical/genética , Complexo Mediador/genética , Mutação/genética , Polimicrogiria/genética , Criança , Hibridização Genômica Comparativa , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Linhagem , Fenótipo , Polimicrogiria/diagnóstico
4.
Am J Med Genet A ; 182(12): 2877-2886, 2020 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33043602

RESUMO

Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome (WDSTS) is a rare autosomal dominant condition caused by heterozygous loss of function variants in the KMT2A (MLL) gene, encoding a lysine N-methyltransferase that mediates a histone methylation pattern specific for epigenetic transcriptional activation. WDSTS is characterized by a distinctive facial phenotype, hypertrichosis, short stature, developmental delay, intellectual disability, congenital malformations, and skeletal anomalies. Recently, a few patients have been reported having abnormal skeletal development of the cervical spine. Here we describe 11 such individuals, all with KMT2A de novo loss-of-function variants: 10 showed craniovertebral junction anomalies, while an 11th patient had a cervical abnormality in C7. By evaluating clinical and diagnostic imaging data we characterized these anomalies, which consist primarily of fused cervical vertebrae, C1 and C2 abnormalities, small foramen magnum and Chiari malformation type I. Craniovertebral anomalies in WDSTS patients have been largely disregarded so far, but the increasing number of reports suggests that they may be an intrinsic feature of this syndrome. Specific investigation strategies should be considered for early identification and prevention of craniovertebral junction complications in WDSTS patients.


Assuntos
Anormalidades Múltiplas/patologia , Vértebras Cervicais/patologia , Contratura/patologia , Transtornos do Crescimento/patologia , Histona-Lisina N-Metiltransferase/genética , Deficiência Intelectual/patologia , Microcefalia/patologia , Mutação , Proteína de Leucina Linfoide-Mieloide/genética , Anormalidades Múltiplas/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Vértebras Cervicais/metabolismo , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Contratura/genética , Fácies , Feminino , Transtornos do Crescimento/genética , Humanos , Deficiência Intelectual/genética , Masculino , Microcefalia/genética , Fenótipo , Síndrome , Adulto Jovem
5.
Genes (Basel) ; 10(10)2019 10 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31614862

RESUMO

Variations in genes encoding for the enzymes responsible for synthesizing the linker region of proteoglycans may result in recessive conditions known as "linkeropathies". The two phenotypes related to mutations in genes B4GALT7 and B3GALT6 (encoding for galactosyltransferase I and II respectively) are similar, characterized by short stature, hypotonia, joint hypermobility, skeletal features and a suggestive face with prominent forehead, thin soft tissue and prominent eyes. The most outstanding feature of these disorders is the combination of severe connective tissue involvement, often manifesting in newborns and infants, and skeletal dysplasia that becomes apparent during childhood. Here, we intend to more accurately define some of the clinical features of B4GALT7 and B3GALT6-related conditions and underline the extreme hypermobility of distal joints and the soft, doughy skin on the hands and feet as features that may be useful as the first clues for a correct diagnosis.


Assuntos
Síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos/genética , Galactosiltransferases/genética , Células Cultivadas , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos/patologia , Humanos , Instabilidade Articular/genética , Masculino , Hipotonia Muscular/genética , Mutação , Osteocondrodisplasias/genética , Fenótipo
6.
Am J Med Genet A ; 176(9): 1991-1995, 2018 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30088855

RESUMO

KBG syndrome is characterized by short stature, distinctive facial features, and developmental/cognitive delay and is caused by mutations in ANKRD11, one of the ankyrin repeat-containing cofactors. After the advent of whole exome sequencing, the number of clinical reports with KBG diagnosis has increased, leading to a revision of the phenotypic spectrum associated with this syndrome. Here, we report a female child showing clinical features of the KBG syndrome in addition to a caudal appendage at the coccyx with prominent skin fold and a peculiar calcaneus malformation. Exons and exon-intron junctions targeted resequencing of SH3PXD2B and MASP1 genes, known to be associated with prominent coccyx, gave negative outcome, whereas sequencing of ANKRD11 whose mutations matched the KBG phenotype of the proband showed a de novo heterozygous frameshift variant c.4528_4529delCC in exon 9 of ANKRD11. This report contributes to expand the knowledge of the clinical features of KBG syndrome and highlights the need to search for vertebral anomalies and suspect this condition in the presence of a prominent, elongated coccyx.


Assuntos
Anormalidades Múltiplas/diagnóstico , Anormalidades Múltiplas/genética , Doenças do Desenvolvimento Ósseo/diagnóstico , Doenças do Desenvolvimento Ósseo/genética , Cóccix/anormalidades , Estudos de Associação Genética , Deficiência Intelectual/diagnóstico , Deficiência Intelectual/genética , Mutação , Fenótipo , Proteínas Repressoras/genética , Anormalidades Dentárias/diagnóstico , Anormalidades Dentárias/genética , Alelos , Criança , Análise Mutacional de DNA , Fácies , Feminino , Testes Genéticos , Genótipo , Humanos , Cariótipo , Radiografia , Avaliação de Sintomas
7.
Mol Syndromol ; 7(6): 337-343, 2016 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27920637

RESUMO

To date, 5 cases of 17p13.1 microduplications have been described in the literature. Intellectual disability was reported as the core feature, together with minor facial dysmorphisms and obesity, but a characteristic phenotype for 17p13.1 microduplication has not been delineated. Here, we describe a patient with a 1.56-Mb de novo duplication in 17p13.1, affected by mild intellectual disability, facial dysmorphisms, obesity, and diabetes. By comparing the different phenotypes of currently described cases, we delineated the main clinical features of 17p13.1 microduplication syndrome. All patients described to date had variable facial dysmorphisms; therefore, it was difficult to define a common facial gestalt. Furthermore, we stress endocrinological abnormalities as important features and the need to monitor these over time.

8.
Eur J Pediatr ; 175(10): 1307-15, 2016 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27562837

RESUMO

UNLABELLED: Myhre syndrome (OMIM 139210) is a rare developmental disorder inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and caused by a narrow spectrum of missense mutations in the SMAD4 gene. The condition features characteristic face, short stature, skeletal anomalies, muscle pseudohypertrophy, restricted joint mobility, stiff and thick skin, and variable intellectual disability. While most of the clinical features manifest during childhood, the diagnosis may be challenging during the first years of life. We report on the evolution of the clinical features of Myhre syndrome during childhood in a subject with molecularly confirmed diagnosis. The clinical records of 48 affected patients were retrospectively analysed to identify any early clinical signs characterizing this disorder and to better delineate its natural history. We also note that pericarditis and laryngotracheal involvement represent important life-threatening complications of Myhre syndrome that justify the recommendation for cardiological and ENT follow-up for these patients. CONCLUSION: Short length/stature, short palpebral fissures, and brachydactyly with hyperconvex nails represent signs/features that might lead to the correct diagnosis in the first years of life and direct to the proper molecular analysis. We underline the clinical relevance of pericarditis and laryngotracheal stenosis as life-threatening complications of this disorder and the need for careful monitoring, in relation to their severity. WHAT IS KNOWN: • The clinical and radiological signs of the disease in children older than 7-8 years. • Pericarditis, sometimes occurring with constrictive pericardium requiring pericardiectomy, has been reported as a recurrent feature but has not been adequately stressed in previous literature. What is New: • Short length/stature, short palpebral fissures, brachydactyly with hyperconvex nails represent clinical signs that might lead to diagnosis in the first years of life. • Review of the literature showed that pericarditis and laryngotracheal complications represent major recurrent issues in patients with Myhre syndrome.


Assuntos
Criptorquidismo/diagnóstico , Transtornos do Crescimento/diagnóstico , Deformidades Congênitas da Mão/diagnóstico , Deficiência Intelectual/diagnóstico , Mutação de Sentido Incorreto/genética , Proteína Smad4/genética , Braquidactilia , Criança , Criptorquidismo/complicações , Criptorquidismo/genética , Fácies , Dedos/anormalidades , Dedos/diagnóstico por imagem , Transtornos do Crescimento/complicações , Transtornos do Crescimento/genética , Deformidades Congênitas da Mão/complicações , Deformidades Congênitas da Mão/genética , Humanos , Deficiência Intelectual/complicações , Deficiência Intelectual/genética , Masculino , Unhas Malformadas/fisiopatologia , Pericardite/etiologia , Fenótipo , Radiografia , Estudos Retrospectivos
9.
Eur J Paediatr Neurol ; 20(3): 454-6, 2016 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26876767

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Mutations in the gene PRRT2 have been identified in a variety of early-onset paroxysmal disorders. To date associations between PRRT2 mutations and benign myoclonus of early infancy have not been reported. CLINICAL REPORT: We describe a baby affected by PRRT2 mutation and benign infantile epilepsy, with an episode of focal status epilepticus. During follow-up he developed benign myoclonus of early infancy. DISCUSSION: We hypothesize a pathogenic role of PRRT2 mutation in inducing benign myoclonus of early infancy, similarly to that at the origin of other PRRT2-related paroxysmal movement disorders, such as paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia. CONCLUSIONS: Currently the function of PRRT2 is poorly understood, even if a marked pleiotropy and variable penetrance of its mutations are well known. Our case concurs in expanding the broad clinical spectrum of PRRT2-related disorders.


Assuntos
Epilepsia/genética , Proteínas de Membrana/genética , Mutação/genética , Mioclonia/genética , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/genética , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Fenótipo
10.
J Child Neurol ; 27(12): 1585-8, 2012 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22378662

RESUMO

Pitt-Hopkins syndrome is a rare genetic form of severe psychomotor delay, caused by mutations in transcription cell factor-4 gene and characterized by distinctive dysmorphic features and abnormal breathing pattern. The current report describes the polygraphic features of the syndrome's typical breathing pattern in a patient both in wakefulness and in sleep. The control of these breathing alterations is important to prevent the neurological sequelae linked to chronic cerebral hypoxemia in early ages. No data are available on effective treatment options for breathing abnormalities of Pitt-Hopkins syndrome. The authors polygraphically documented a reduction of apneic and hypopneic phenomena, with a significant improvement in saturation values, after the introduction of sodium valproate.


Assuntos
Inibidores Enzimáticos/uso terapêutico , Transtornos Respiratórios/tratamento farmacológico , Ácido Valproico/uso terapêutico , Criança , Eletroencefalografia , Feminino , Humanos , Transtornos Respiratórios/etiologia , Fases do Sono , Síndrome de Wolf-Hirschhorn/complicações
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