Prevalence and predictors of tobacco use among general public of Gorakhpur district, India.

OBJECTIVES: The present study was undertaken to determine the prevalence and demographic correlates of tobacco use in the adult population. METHOD: The sample selection was based on stratified random sampling technique selecting a total of 1635 persons from different parts of Gorakhpur district of Uttar Pradesh, India. The demographic details of participants along with prevalence of tobacco use were recorded. RESULTS: The prevalence of tobacco use among the subpopulation studied was 31.1% for males and 6.1 for females. Both smoking and chewing tobacco were found to be associated with various demographic parameters. The rural population showed a higher prevalence of tobacco use among both males and females; the male smoking prevalence was higher in the urban population (23.0%) than its rural counterpart (18.1%). Also the prevalence of tobacco use was directly proportionate to age increasing upto the age of approximately 60 years, then declined. Stepwise Regression analysis showed gender as the strongest predictor for smoking followed by area of residence, education and age. Whereas education was the most significant predictors for chewing tobacco, followed by gender and age. CONCLUSION: The results of this study clearly indicate an association between tobacco prevalence and various demographic factors. To reduce the cancer burden, intervention measures to control tobacco use should specifically target those socio-demographic predictors of the subpopulation which are more susceptible to tobacco consumption.

An ex vivo comparative analysis on shaping ability of four NiTi rotary endodontic instruments using spiral computed tomography.

OBJECTIVE: Analysis of shaping ability of four different rotary endodontic instruments using spiral computed tomography (CT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty freshly extracted human mandibular first molars were used in the present study. Samples were randomly divided into four experimental groups with twenty samples in each group. Images of mesiobuccal canal of each sample were obtained pre- and post-operatively using spiral CT. All samples were prepared using their respective endodontic file systems (group I - ProTaper, group II - K3, group III - RaCe, and group IV - Mtwo). Image analyses were done using image analysis software for evaluation of canal transportation and centering ability. Data was then statistically analyzed using analysis of variance. RESULTS: There was no statistically significance in transportation in their intergroup difference at any of the three locations (coronal, middle, and apical third). In centering ability there was no statistically significance in the coronal and middle third of the intergroup. However, there was a statistically significance of (P = 0.044) at the apical third between all the groups. CONCLUSION: Canals prepared with ProTaper had more canal transportation at all the three levels of root canal (coronal, middle, and apical third). Canals prepared with Mtwo were well centered at coronal and middle third whereas with RaCe canals were centered only at the apical third. All instruments showed some degree of canal aberrations in terms of shaping ability.

Fracture tooth fragment reattachment.

Coronal fractures of the anterior teeth are a common form of dental trauma and its sequelae may impair the establishment and accomplishment of an adequate treatment plan. Among the various treatment options, reattachment of a crown fragment is a conservative treatment that should be considered for crown fractures of anterior teeth. This clinical case reports the management of two coronal tooth fracture cases that were successfully treated using tooth fragment reattachment using glass-fibre-reinforced composite post.

Allogenous tooth fragment reattachment.

Coronal fractures of the anterior teeth are a common form of dental trauma and its sequelae may impair the establishment and accomplishment of an adequate treatment plan. Among the various treatment options, reattachment of a crown fragment obtained from a previously extracted tooth is a conservative treatment that should be considered for crown fractures of anterior teeth. This article reports reattachment of an allogenous tooth fragment in a fractured maxillary lateral incisor in a 38-year-old patient. It is suggested that allogenous reattachment in a fractured anterior tooth serves to be a better alternative and should be further researched. Aesthetic and functional rehabilitation of a fractured complicated anterior crown using allogenous tooth fragment is a better alternative to other more conventional treatment options.

Aesthetic management of a complicated crown fracture: a multidisciplinary approach.

A predictable aesthetic restoration is not limited to the restored teeth; it has to include the gingival unit and its interface with the teeth involved. Orthodontic forced eruption may be a suitable approach without risking the aesthetic appearance in tooth fracture below the gingival attachment or alveolar bone crest. It is a well-documented clinical method for altering the relation between a non-restorable tooth and its attachment apparatus, elevating sound tooth material from within the alveolar socket to create a ferrule effect which is considered to be crucial for the optimal biomechanical behaviour of restored teeth. This report presents the reconstruction of a traumatised and fractured left maxillary lateral incisor by building a cast core with a cast post to perform orthodontic extrusion before placing porcelain fused to metal crown as the final restoration.

Oral cancer awareness of the general public in Gorakhpur city, India.

OBJECTIVES: Global cancer statistical data show that India has one of the highest incidence rates of oral cancer worldwide. Early detection is extremely important as it results in lower morbidity and death rates. The present study was undertaken to assess awareness of oral cancer and knowledge of its early signs and risk factors in the general public of the semi-urban Gorakhpur area of Uttar Pradesh (India). It was also intended to educate the same population for early detection by increasing their ability to recognize signs and risk factors. METHOD: A questionnaire-based household survey was conducted over a period of one month in different parts of Gorakhpur district, a region where tobacco use is apparently very high. A total of 2,093 persons participated in the survey. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software to assess and associate oral cancer awareness with the prevalence, and abstract risk factors, as well as other confounding variables. RESULTS: The general awareness, knowledge of signs and risk factors of oral cancer were found to be proportionate to the literacy level with the highest rate of awareness being among high school and graduates and lowest among illiterates. It was also observed that on most of these dimensions the younger age groups (<30 years) were significantly more knowledgeable. CONCLUSION: Overall, the awareness of oral cancer in the high-risk population of Gorakhpur was not satisfactory, pointing to a need for further dissemination of information on this issue and its associated risks. This is especially important for the youngsters, as this may possibly help them keep away from the deleterious habit of tobacco indulgence in any form. If necessary risk factor cessation counselling should be provided.