[4D FLOW Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Study of Blood Flow in Patients With Aortic Coarctation in the Long-Term After Surgery].

Aim      Comprehensive evaluation of blood flow in the thoracic aorta using a software for 4D processing of magnetic resonance (MR) images of the heart and blood vessels (4D Flow) in patients with aortic coarctation in the late postoperative period.Materials and methods The MR study of the heart was performed for 10 patients (7 boys and 3 girls) aged 8 to 13 years (median, 9.5 [8.3; 10.8] years) who underwent resection with end-to-end anastomosis for aortic coarctation at age of 2 weeks to 10 months. MR tomography was performed on a 1.5 T MR scanner using a multichannel surface coil for scanning, electrocardiographic synchronization, and a specialized package of pulse sequences for scanning of the heart. Blood flow was evaluated with a 4D data handling software for processing of MR images of heart and blood vessels (4D Flow). The following blood flow parameters were analyzed: blood flow volume per second, peak blood flow velocity, peak and minimum blood flow area at the levels of ascending aorta, arch, isthmus, and descending aorta, and pressure gradient at the level of maximum narrowing of the aorta. 3D-MR images were used for evaluation of aortic geometry. Blood flow formation, distribution, and trajectories were analyzed by maps of vectors, particle trace, and stream lines. Statistical analysis was performed with a Statistica (v. 6.0 StatSoft Inc.) package.Results Accelerated flow in the region of residual aortic stenosis in systole was observed in all patients; 4 patients had an additional vortex flow below the aortic stenosis and a spiral flow in the descending aorta. The pressure gradient on the aortic isthmus was directly correlated with the left ventricular myocardial mass index (r=0.65; р=0.04) and indexes of blood flow in the ascending and descending aorta (р=0.03; р=0.026). No significant correlation was found for blood flow indexes and geometry of the aortic arch (H / L). Delayed contrast enhancement MR imaging did not detect any fibrotic changes in the myocardium in only one patient. The fibrosis severity inversely correlated with the right ventricular ejection fraction (r=0.65; р=0.04) and directly correlated with the pressure gradient at the aortic isthmus (r=0.63; p=0.05).Conclusion      The 4D MR image processing software for the heart and blood vessels allows studying the blood flow in detail under natural conditions, provides potential advantages in comprehensive evaluation of patients with aortic coarctation during a dynamic follow-up. For a definitive conclusion about the relationship between the altered blood flow in the thoracic aorta and markers of residual, post-correction pathology, larger studies are required as well as long-term follow-up of patients with documented pathological patterns of blood flow (changes in blood flow velocity and volume throughout the entire thoracic aorta in combination with disorders in the normal flow geometry during the cardiac cycle).

[MODERN APPROACHES TO THE TREATMENT OF ECTOPIC PREGNANCY].

The 128 patients were investigated for progressive and impaired tubal pregnancy (TP), the physiological course of pregnancy and the threat of miscarriage. When undisturbed TP and clear visualization of the fallopian tube and the fetal ovum it suggested conservative treatment with methotrexate. If an ectopic pregnancy during laparoscopy is recommended to perform organ preserving surgery, after which the frequency of occurrence of intrauterine pregnancy more than after extra corporeal impregnation. It confirmed the effectiveness of both laparoscopic and conservative treatment provided a correct assessment of the indications for each method.

[Systemic production of cytokines and growth factors in various forms of syndrome of delayed fetal growth].

The syndrome of delayed fetal growth (SDFG) is one of the most wide-spread pathological conditions while course of pregnancy; it is characterized by disorder of the feto-placental system function. Its incidence is from 3 to 8%. The studying of peculiarities of the system and local immune disorders, coinciding with SDFG, would permit to establish the immune mechanisms of its formation. Revealing of immunoregulation disorders on systemic and local levels would promote the creation of a concept, depicting participation of the immune system in formation of asymmetrical and symmetrical forms of SDFG, to elaborate new approaches for prognosis and diagnosis.

[Heart rhythm in humans with different processing levels of acoustic information].

The peculiarities of the heart rhythm regulation were investigated in humans during the processing of acoustic information. Statistically significant differences were found in individuals with different levels of auditory-motor reactions according to the heart rhythm characteristics. Individuals with the high level of reactions were characterized by significantly lower total power spectrum (TP=1276.2 ms2), by the power spectrum of high (HL=280.1 ms12) and very low frequencies (VLF-469.8 ms2), as well as by low indexes of standard deviation of R-R intervals (SDNN=37.4 ms), when compared with the persons with the low level of reactions (5248.8; 866.7; 1937.0; 69.8 ms2). The correlation analysis confirmed the dif- ferences between the groups ol persons with adtierent number of processed information and variable (r=0.41, P<0.05) and spectral characteristics of heart rate (r=-0.49--0.56, P<0.05). Different strategies of activation of non-specific brain systems in formation of psycho-physiological reactions and participation of heart rhythm regulatory mechanisms in vegetative support of auditory information processing are discussed.

[Age-dependent speed of the central information processing among persons with the different level of the nervous processing functional mobility].

The dynamics of the speed formation of the central information processing (CIP) and its connection with functional mobility of nervous processes (FMNP) was investigated among the persons aged 7-20. The indexes of CIP and FMNP among the children, teenagers and youngsters were found to increase gradually and to reach maximum development at the age of 19-20. Statistically significant differences of the CIP speed were found in all age groups of the investigated persons with different levels of FNMP. The persons with high level of FNMP were characterized with reliably high indexes of CIP compared with subjects with the low level of investigated typological properties of high nervous activity (HNA). The correlation proved the reliable relationships between investigated variables. The general age-related conformities in forming CIP and FMNP were established favoring the genetically determined program for development of these nervous system properties. There is a reason to confirm that the index of CIP speed characterizes individual features of information processing and reflects the typological properties of HNA side by side with FMNP.

[Age-related dynamics of the motion reaction in school children].

We studied functional state of the central nervous system of boys and girls aged from 7 to 17 years old. Peculiarities of age-dependent dynamics of functional level of the central nervous system, stability of the reactions, levels of functional possibilities were described. The age-dependent periods of strengthening and weakening of correlation between the indexes of motive reaction and the criteria of the functional state of central nervous system were determined.

[The speed of central information processing in humans with different properties of basic nervous processes].

A speed of central information processing (CIP) and its correlation with individual-typological properties of high mental activity (HMA): by functional mobility (FMNP) and by force (FNP) of nervous processes were investigated. It was found statistically significant distinctions between the indexes of CIP in the examined groups with different levels of FMNP and FNP. Persons with the high level of FMNP and FNP were characterized by high indexes of CIP as compared with persons with low levels of typological properties of HMA. We assume that the index of speed of CIP can be used as informative indicator of properties of information processing. The index of CIP in combination with individual-typological properties of HMA will increase the possibility of analysis of experimental material.

[State of the higher nervous activity and the immune system after vilozen adminstration].

Investigation of the condition of higher nervous activity and immune system after the vilosen immunostimulation was conducted. It was shown that vilosen caused increase of the monocytes and T-lymphocytes quantity at the expence of T-supressors subpopulation in the peripheral blood. Increase of the functional mobility of the nervous processes was also shown. Positive correlations between the functional mobility and quantity of the monocytes (r=0,7) and T- supressors (r=0,6) quantity in the perypheral blood were established.

[Isolation and characterization of extracellular glucose oxidase from Penicillium adametzii LF F-2044.1].

Hydroxides of magnesium and zinc, aluminum oxide, zinc phosphate, and co-precipitated Ca3(PO4)2 and Mg(OH)2 were efficient in binding extracellular glucose oxidase (GO) of P. adametzii LF F-2044.1 in a culture liquid filtrate (CLF). Basic Al2O3 was the most appropriate adsorbent for GO isolation from the CLF of the fungus. A GO isolation method was developed, which allowed for obtaining an enzyme with a high degree of purification. Spectral properties of the enzyme, its catalytic activity, and stability were characterized. The GO of P. adametzii LF F-2044.1 exhibited high pH stability, retaining activity within the range 4.5-9.0. The rate that GO-catalyzed D-glucose oxidation increased as the temperature increased (up to approximately 60 degrees C). The catalytic activity and thermal stability of GO depended on its concentration in the medium. Under optimum conditions, the fractions GO-1 and GO-2 were characterized by KM values of 1.56 x 10(-2) and 2.19 x 10(-2) M, respectively; the corresponding values of kcat equaled 235.1 and 318.2 s(-1).

[Polymerization of horseradish peroxidase in the presence of inorganic adsorbents].

Efficiencies of binding between horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and its polymers (HRPp) with inorganic adsorbents (precipitated and coprecipitated) were studied. In aqueous solutions, HRP efficiently adsorbed to aluminum oxide and the coprecipitated sorbent (composed of calcium orthophosphate, magnesium hydroxide, and aluminum hydroxide). HRP readily bound to zinc hydroxide but not to aluminum hydroxide in 25.0 mM bicarbonate buffer (pH 9.0). Several variants of HRP polymerization and HRPp modification with diamines in the presence of Al2O3 and Zn(OH)2 were compared. Synthesis of HRPp according to the scheme comprising HRP activation in solution followed by its polymerization in the presence of Zn(OH)2 appeared the most efficient. HRP and HRPp bound to Zn(OH)2 displayed a high catalytic activity in the presence of high H2O2 concentrations.

[State of the neurodynamic and immune system in people with myopia].

State of the neyrodynamic functions and the immune system under moderate myopia that is considered as organism adaptation to the emotional-informative stress was the purpose of our research. It was established that moderate myopia is accompanied by the functional tension of the immune systems, namely by the secondary immunodeficiency of the cellular part, with an improvement of indexes of neurodynamic functions (functional mobility of nervous processes). The positive correlation between functional mobility of nervous processes and the amount of monocytes in a peripheral blood was shown (r = 0.7). The same interrelation was established between functional mobility of nervous processes and the amount of T-suppressors in a peripheral blood (r = 0.6).

[Individual-typological qualities of the higher nervous activity and sensomotor reactions in students with different level of sport qualifications].

Investigation of the individual-typological qualities of the higher nervous activity (HNA) and the sensomotorical reactions in the students with the different level of sport qualification was conducted. It was established that correlation exist between the level of sports qualification and the qualities of the main nervous processes, the higher level of sport qualification the higher indexes of the individual-typological qualities of the he HNA and the sensomotorical reaction and vice versa. The relation of the main nervous processes and temporary parameters of the sensomotorical reaction with different degree of the complexity was shown. An interrelation between individual-typological qualities of the higher nervous HNA and their manifestation in the sensomotorical reaction can be an important condition for a choice of the individual methods and means during sport training and competition.

[Central haemodynamics of people with different level of functional mobility of the nervous processes during mental and physical loadings].

The examinations of 116 healthy men aged 17-23 were carried out. A cardiac index, heart rhythm variability at rest, tilt test, mental and physical loading and functional mobility of nervous processes (FMNP) were measured. It was found out, that cardiac index after loading was lower in the persons with the high level of FMNP while heart rhythm variability was the highest in the persons with the middle level of FPNP.

[Precipitated, coprecipitated, and carbon-mineral sorbents for isolation of extracellular catalase from Penicillium piceum F-648]. / Osazhdennye, soosazhdennye i uglemineral'nye adsorbenty dlia vydeleniia vnekletochnoi katalazy Penicillium piceum F-648.

The abilities of various sorbents to adsorb catalase (CAT; EC 1.11.1.6) from filtered culture liquid (FCL) of the fungus Penicillium piceum F-648 were compared. Potassium phosphate, hydroxyapatite (HAP), and coprecipitated sorbents containing calcium phosphate and magnesium hydroxide adsorbed extracellular CAT more efficiently than aluminum oxide, aluminum phosphate, or quartz sand. The enzyme was isolated from FCL of Penicillium piceum with the use of HAP and a binary coprecipitated sorbent, Ca3(PO4)2 + Mg(OH)2, 1:1 (CM). The CAT(CM) sample contained the least amount of protein admixture. Its spectra had absorption maximums at 279.6, 406.8 (Soret band), 540, 585, 636, and 703 nm and negative molar ellipticity minimums at 207 and 210-214 nm. The kinetic indices of the samples (KM, Vmax:KM, and specific activity) were intricately dependent on protein concentration in the reaction mixture. In dilute solutions, the KM and specific activities of CAT(CM) and CAT(HAP) equaled 667 and 137 mM; 300.9 x 10(4) and 30.0 x 10(4) U/mg protein, respectively. The effective velocity constants of inactivation of CAT(HAP), CAT(CM), and FCL in the reaction of H2O2 decomposition increased dramatically after dilution of samples. In the infinitely dilute solution, they were 4.30 x 10(-2), 6.46 x 10(-2), and 1.12 x 10(-2), respectively.

[Heart rhythm in students with different individual and typological characteristics of the higher nervous activity during examination stress]. / Sertsevyi rytm u studentiv z riznymy indyvidual'notypolohichnymy vlastyvostiamy vyshchoï nervovoï diial'nosti za umov emotsiinoho stresu.

The responses of the vegetative nervous system to a stress situation at the examination psycho--emotional strain were investigated on the students possessing different individual-typological characteristics of the higher nervous activity (HNA). We observed a decrease in the parasympathetic influences on the heart rate and an activation of the humoral--metabolic and sympathetic influences in all the students under exploration. It was also shown that the resistance of the students to the examination stress and the type of their vegetative reactions, to a large extent, were determined by both the individual-typological peculiarities of the HNA and the initial psychological state. The question if the vegetative supply of the mental activity at the examination stress reflects the individual-typological characteristics of the HNA has being discussed.

[Studies of psychophysiological functions of middle school age students after prolonged physical training]. / Doslidzhennia psykhofiziolohichnykh funktsii uchniv seredn'oho shkil'noho viku pry tryvalykh fizychnykh navantazhenniakh.

Longitudinal researches of neurodynamical functions of pupils 11-15 y. of control and sport classes were executed. The comparative analysis of the study's materials has shown that the research objects with the high level of properties of the basis nervous processes are characterized by faster and more intensive changes of the neurodynamical functions. Long-lasting physical loadings in dependence on typological gradation provide more intensive sensomotor reactions' activation of some functions of attention. At the boys of sports classes the higher functional mobility of the basic nervous processes provide a shorter latent period of the complex sensomotor reactions of a choice, more intensive activation of speed of processing of the information and switching of attention. All parameters (which were analysed) of neurodynamical functions undergo changes, which character depends on duration of influence of physical loadings.

[The maximum rate of hand movement in humans and characteristics of basic nervous processes]. / Maksymal'nyi temp rukhovykh reaktsii liudyny ta vlastyvosti osnovnykh nervovykh protsesiv.

The maximal rate of hand movements (under the tapping-test), depending on the peculiarities of the basic nervous processes, was studied in cadets of the military schools. Parametres of the variable rows under investigation have been shown not to be related; as well as significant differences in the average meanings of the maximal rate in the groups of individuals possessing different strength (mental working capacity) and functional mobility of the nervous processes have not been noticed. The data obtained evidence that the parameters of the muscle working capacity can not be used as an indicator of the properties of the basic nervous processes.

[Comparative analysis of various parameters of nervous system activity in humans]. / Porivnial'nyi analiz riznykh pokaznykiv syly nervovykh protsesiv u liudyny.

It was established that the showing and coefficient of the nervous system power were connected with each other only in the conditions of determining them during working up of complex sensomotor information. The coefficient of the nervous system power determined in the conditions of working up of complex sensomotor information is not connected with showings of the nervous system power and that is why it can't be an objective showing for characteristic of the individual typological peculiarities of the high nervous activity.

[Functional state of the central nervous system in people with varying functional agility of the nervous processes while transforming information of varying complexity]. / Funktsional'nyi stan tsentral'noï nervovoï systemy za umov pererobky informatsiï riznoho stupenia skladnosti u osib z riznym rivnem rukhlyvosti nervovykh protsesiv.

Relations between functional agility of the nervous processes (FANP) and functional state (FS) of the central nervous system at performing simple and difficult sensomotor tasks have been studied. It has been shown that FANP is of the exceptional importance in forming FS of the central nervous system only to perform difficult mental tasks.

[Role of individual-typological characteristics of higher nervous activity for professional personnel selection]. / Rol' indyvidual'no-typolohichnykh vlastyvostei vyshchoï nervovoï diial'nosti pry profesiinomu vidbori.

The role of properties of the basic nervous processes in successes of study, development and use of the acquired skills in the appropriate kinds of labour activity and in particular in that of them was shown, the specificity of which activity requires of the man of high emotional stability, the responsibility for final result of the accepted decisions and is carried out in some cases in conditions of high speeds, high rates of activity, excessiveness or deficiency of receipt of the information. The conclusion was made that individual-tepological properties of higher nervous activity, as well as technique of their estimation, can be applied in an arsenal of the tests for professional psychophysiological selection of the operators, which activity is connected to management of moving dynamic objects, processing of the information at deficiency of time etc.