[Cat-eye syndrome (a psychiatric aspect)]. / Sindrom 'koshach'ikh glaz' (psikhiatricheskii aspekt).

Cat-eye syndrome is associated with abnormalities in chromosome 22. Based on the literature on genetic and clinical characteristics of the disease, three clinical cases observed by the authors at different times are analyzed. Mental retardation of different degree was observed in all cases and schizotypal personality disorder in one case. The latter case is described in detail. The patient's stress due to the mockery of peers and teenagers regarding the characteristics of the patient's features plays a considerable role in the exacerbation of mental illness. Early cosmetic surgical intervention (iris's coloboma removal) is necessary to prevent exacerbations of a mental illness and comfortable existence of the patient in the social environment.

Ophthalmic Changes Associated with Long-Term Exposure to Microgravity.

This review discusses recent publications on the problem of ophthalmic changes associated with long-term effects of microgravity during space flights. Described changes include hyperopic shift of refraction, change in intraocular pressure, increased intracranial pressure, changes in the choroid and retina tissues, and swelling of the optic nerve. These effects are caused by redistribution of blood and fluid to the upper half of the body, increased intracranial pressure and congestion of venous blood and lymph in the upper half of the body and head. The reviewed also discusses other factors that may triggervision impairment caused by microgravity. Photographic illustrations of changes are also provided.

[THE POSSIBILITY OF APPLICATION OF COLORIMETRY TECHNIQUE OF DETECTION OF LEVELS OF OXIDATIVE STRESS AND ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY OF SERUM].

The analysis was implemented concerning indicators of oxidative status and antioxidant capacity of serum. The indicators were received by colorimetry technique based on detection of peroxides in blood serum in examined patients of different categories: healthy persons aged from 17 to 20 years and from 30 to 60 years and patients with bronchopulmonary pathology. The low level of oxidative stress and high antioxidant capacity of serum were established in individuals ofyounger age. With increasing of age, degree of expression of oxidative stress augmented and level of antioxidant defense lowered. Almost all patients with bronchopulmonary pathology had high level of oxidative stress and low level of antioxidant defense. The analysis of quantitative data of examined indicators their conformity with health condition was established

[Dynamics of hepatobiliary system involvement in occupational COLD formation].

Study of 462 patients with occupational pulmonary diseases revealed that hepatobiliary diseases are among concomitants of occupational COLD. Inflammatory changes in gallbladder and bile ducts with bile dyskinesia are first manifestations of such diseases developing early at chronic nonobstructive bronchitis stage. Shortly, hepatosteatosis adds to these disorders. Final stage of the pathologic process in some patients is bile stones or liver cirrhosis.

[Lipid metabolism in occupational chronic bronchitis associated with diabetes mellitus].

The study of 311 patients with chronic occupational bronchitis associated with diabetes mellitus (or diabetes-free) revealed lipid metabolism disorders presenting with overweight, obesity, dyslipoproteinemia. Diabetes mellitus addition to chronic bronchitis increased frequency of lipid metabolism disorders and higher values of lipid state. The revealed lipid metabolism disorders were more marked in the females.

[Biochemical parameters of cardiovascular pathology risk in automobile drivers].

Examination of 94 city bus drivers with long length of service revealed changes in lipid metabolism and C-reactive protein level, dependent on the examinees' age and length of service. Matching the biochemical parameters and clinical data proved that dyslipoproteinemia and serum C-reactive protein level could indicate cardiovascular risk in city bus drivers.

[Efficacy of lid hygiene in treatment of patients with blepharoconjunctival form of dry eye syndrome].

A complex of measures for lid hygiene in ocular surface disease is developed. These measures together with tear substitution and antibacterial treatment were revealed to result in elimination of blepharoconjunctivitis and dry eye signs, recovery of tear film and long-time remission, that significantly improved patient's life quality. When using this complex of measures meibomian glands are not damaged and their anatomy and functions are completely preserved. Lid hygiene affects all glands, there is no pain and no local anesthesia needed, normal tear film is formed

[Associated diabetes mellitus in occupational pulmonary diseases related to dust: risk factors].

The authors analysed 854 case histories of occupational bronchitis patients and 326 ones of vibration disease patients. Inpatient investigation covered 129 patients with occupational dust bronchitis and 25 patients with vibration disease. Diabetes mellitus was diagnosed in 11.9 +/- 1.1% of the bronchitis examinees and in 6.7 +/- 1.4% of the vibration disease examinees. A total of 66.24 +/- 4.10% of the bronchitis examinees and 71.4 +/- 9.00% of the vibration disease examinees appeared to have family propensity to this endocrine condition. Factors actualizing such hereditary propensity in the bronchitis examinees could be respiratory failure (in 90.77%) and steroid therapy (in 21.5%).

[Influence of working environment factors on health state of road police officers controlling traffic (review of literature)].

The analytic review demonstrated negative influence of polluted air on respiratory diseases formation, on development of pathologic changes in neuro-endocrine and cardiovascular systems, kidneys and blood of traffic regulation officers. Special attention was put on possible carcinogenic and genotoxic influence of air polluted with chemicals in exhaust automobile gases.

[Organization of specialized health care of children who have suffered during traffic accidents in the Moscow Region].

The paper describes some experience in organizing and delivering specialized emergency health care to children who have suffered during traffic accidents in the Moscow Region, by attracting the forces and means of a disaster medicine service. In May 2004 to October 2008, examinations were made among 615 children, 552 of whom were evacuated to Moscow by intensive care cars (n = 469) and medical helicopters (n = 83). The paper shows that the two-stage medical victim medical evacuation provision system is effective and provides evidence for prospects for putting the developed model into practice of rendering a medical aid to traffic accident victims on out-of-town highways.

[Chaperon-like anticataract agents, the antiaggregants of lens crystallin. Communication 4. Study of the effect of a mixture of di- and tetrapeptides on a prolonged rat model of UV-induced cataract].

There is a potential of therapeutic action on certain stages of caractogenesis, in particular on the aggregation of water-soluble proteins of cytoplasmic lens fiber cells, giving rise to insoluble protein complexes. The effect of a combined preparation (N-acetyl carnosine and D-patethine), acting by the chaperon-like mechanism, was studied in vivo on a prolonged rat model of UV-induced cataract. The use of the combined preparation consisting of a mixture of peptides of N-acetyl carnosine and D-patethine in a ratio of 1:1 as ocular instillations and intraperitoneal injections could slow down the development of UV-induced cataract in vivo. Pathomorphological studies suggest that the combined preparation has a protective effect on lens tissue when the rat model of UV-induced cataract is employed.

[Search for chaperon-like anticataract agents, the antiaggregants of lens crystallin. Communication 3. Possibilities of a follow-up of caractogenesis processes on a prolonged rat model of UV-induced cataract].

To study the mechanisms of action of new-generation anticataract drugs, it is necessary to have an accessible and adequate model of age-related cataract. A model of UV-induced cataract is pathogenetically closest to that of age-related cataract. A prolonged rat model of UV-induced cataract developing within 10 months is proposed; the clinical features of UV-induced cataract have been established at different stages of its development. A moderate homogeneous cloud-like lenticular opacity was observed at the end of the experiment; a less pronounced homogeneous opacity was seen in the anterior and posterior cortical layers. Cataract development was assessed by the appraisal method using the developed rat lenticular transparency scale, as well as by microdensitometry of biomicroscopic lenticular optical sections. Within the proposed model, the pathomorphological lenticular changes are largely similar to the histological pattern of age-related cataract.

[Densitometric analysis of changes in the vitreous body after cataract extraction].

Densitometric methods for analyzing the images obtained at biomicroscopy were used to study the transparency of the spatium retrolentalis, membrana hialoidea anterior, and pars retrolenticularis of the vitreous body of 45 eyes after cataract phacoemulsification. In half the patients, the optical density in these structures has shown to increase as compared with the normal values, which is mainly associated with the opacity of the vitreous body and the increased destruction of its tracts. The results of drug treatment and a role of additional therapy with plasmin and collagenase activators in the complete rehabilitation of patients after surgical cataract treatment are discussed.

[Possibilities of using telemedicine in preoperative examination of the lens nucleus density]. / Vozmozhnosti telemeditsiny dlia predoperatsionnogo issledovaniia plotnosti iadra khrustalika.

The MPEG-4 algorithm applicable to compression of video-images of the anterior eye segment and JPEG-2000 applicable to compression of static images of the lens and retina under the conditions of mydriasis were used to enable the telemedicine consultations. The compiled compression files were sent to the institute's E-Mail address by means of a voice modem through an analogue telephone line. The pixel structures of non-compression and compression images of the anterior eye segment and lenses were comparatively studied. The deviations of images' optic density versus non-compression images were found to be below or equal to 2.7%, thus, they can be attributed to a static error. The quantitative colorimetry of images was used, on the basis of a software-based color-regulating filter, to determine the lens-nucleus density and cataract-maturity degree. The differences between values of the green-canal brightness were found within the RGB model before and after the application of the filter in the posterior cortical strata and in the anterior lens-nucleus portion, which provided for classifying 6 stages of the lens-nucleus density and cataract maturity.

[Comparative study of different proteolytic drugs in the treatment of traumatic iridocyclitis]. / Sravnitel'noe izuchenie éffektivnosti sovremennykh proteoliticheskikh preparatov pri lechenii travmaticheskikh iridotsiklitov.

A total of 42 patients with traumatic iridocyclites were examined; the pathology developed within different time limits after extracapsular cataract extraction (ECE) and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. The efficiency of proteolytic drugs gemaza and collalysin was comparatively studied. The efficiency was evaluated by using the densitometry examination of fibrin density, which enabled an objective conclusion on the dynamics of lysis of fibrinous exudates in the eye anterior chamber. The severity of the postoperative inflammatory reaction of the eye was assessed quantitatively by a reaction degree of the pupil to light. The coefficients of pupil reaction to light were found to be different in patients after ECE with implantation of IOL, made from polymethylmethacrylate, and in patients after phacoemulsification with silicone IOL implantation.

[Analysis of images in the prophylaxis and treatment of complications after kerato-refractive excimer laser surgeries]. / Metody analiza izobrazhenii v profilaktike i lechenii oslozhnenii keratorefraktsionnykh éksimerlazernykh operatsii.

A total of 236 eyes of patients with myopia and hypermetropia of different severity degrees after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) were observed. The densitometry and planimetry analysis of corneal images, obtained through storing them in the computer memory, was used to evaluate postoperatively the corneal condition. Planimetry was used to forecast the time of epithelization and to assess the efficiency of drug therapy. The optic density was found to increase, after excimer-laser surgeries, in all patients and it depended on a type of refraction and its degree. The optic-density dynamics of corneal images also depended on a degree and type of refraction as well as on a type of drug therapy. Hence, densitometry and planimetry, as objective methods used to follow up the patients after keratorefractive excimer-laser surgeries, make it possible to diagnose early enough the presence of complications related with disorders in transparency and healing of the cornea.

[Methods of the analysis of images in the diagnosis of diseases of the anterior eye segment]. / Metody analiza izobrazhenii v diagnostike zabolevanii perednogo otdela glaza.

Methods of mathematical computerized analysis of images obtained through the microscopy of the eye by the slit lamp were used in examining patients with different pathologies of the eye anterior segment. Densitometric and planimetric analysis of images of the cornea, lens as well as of the posterior and anterior capsules of the lens was made for patients with aphakia and artiphakia. The optic corneal density (which depends on a type and degree of refraction and an administered medication therapy) was found to change after excimerlaser procedures. The corneal transparency, which also depends on an administered medication therapy, was examined in cases of its opacities and photokeratitis. Examinations of the lens led to elaborating a clinical classification of cataract maturity degrees, which can be used during the preoperative period for planning a type and tactics of the therapeutic and surgical treatment. Main complications occurring after cataract extraction, i.e. opacities in the anterior and posterior capsules, were evaluated densitometrically. A classification of opacities in the lens capsule was worked out; it was used to determine the optimal time and types of the therapeutic and surgical treatment at secondary cataracts.

[Fluorescein permeability of the cornea in patients after photorefraction surgery in residual myopia following radial keratotomy]. / Pronitsaemost' rogovitsy dlia fliuorestseina u patsientov posle fotorefraktsionnykh operatsii po povodu ostatochnoi miopii posle radial'noi keratotomii.

The barrier function of the cornea was studied before and after eximer laser photorefraction keratectomies and laser specialized keratomileusis (LASIK) for residual myopia after previous radial keratotomy. The barrier function of the cornea was studied by local keratofluoropenetrometry making use of computer system for analyzing TV images of the eye. Impaired barrier function of the cornea at the site of keratotomic cicatrices did not recover even many years after radial keratotomy, while after LASIK it recovered in 2-4 weeks. The time of recovery of this function depends on the state of the space between the flaps. LASIK does not affect the fluorescein permeability of keratotomic cicatrices.

[Activity of lacrimal plasmin-like enzymes in the evaluation of the corneal state after photorefraction surgery]. / Aktivnost' plazminopodobnykh fermentov slezy v otsenke sostoianiia rogovitsy posle fotorefraktsionnykh operatsii.

Forty-three patients (58 eyes) were observed, who used contact lenses for a long time before photorefraction operations (photorefraction keratectomy and laser specialized keratomileusis--PRK and LASIK). Measurements of lacrimal plasmin-like enzymes (PLE) were carried out before and after operations on a Uniscan II microreader. Corneal and conjunctival intactness was evaluated by Bengal rose staining. Before surgery PLE activity was 3.5 times higher than normally in the patients using contact lenses. After PRK and LASIK, PLE activity increased and was 25% lower after LASIK than after PRK. Based on the data of preoperative diagnosis (Bengal rose test, measurement of PLE activities, Norn and Schirmer tests), the patients with contact lens intolerance without hypoproduction of tears are recommended rehabilitation treatment with drugs activating the repair processes (Vitacic, etc.), while patients with contact lens intolerance and tear hypoproduction are recommended low concentrations of viscoelastic drugs (Vismed).