RESUMO
Tactile sensation is critical for effective object manipulation, but current prosthetic upper limbs make no provision for delivering somesthetic feedback to the user. For individuals who require use of prosthetic limbs, this lack of feedback transforms a mundane task into one that requires extreme concentration and effort. Although vibrotactile motors and sensory substitution devices can be used to convey gross sensations, a direct neural interface is required to provide detailed and intuitive sensory feedback. In light of this, we describe the implementation of a somatosensory prosthesis with which we elicit, through intracortical microstimulation (ICMS), percepts whose magnitude is graded according to the force exerted on the prosthetic finger. Specifically, the prosthesis consists of a sensorized finger, the force output of which is converted into a regime of ICMS delivered to primary somatosensory cortex through chronically implanted multi-electrode arrays. We show that the performance of animals (Rhesus macaques) on a tactile task is equivalent whether stimuli are delivered to the native finger or to the prosthetic finger.
Assuntos
Membros Artificiais , Estimulação Encefálica Profunda/instrumentação , Potenciais Somatossensoriais Evocados , Dedos , Robótica/instrumentação , Tato , Transdutores , Animais , Comportamento Animal , Biorretroalimentação Psicológica/instrumentação , Biorretroalimentação Psicológica/métodos , Desenho de Equipamento , Análise de Falha de Equipamento , Humanos , Macaca mulatta , Masculino , MovimentoRESUMO
Results of observations examination and treatment of 115 children with gastroesophageal reflux aged from 3 days to 14 years are described. Great importance of special methods of examination was shown. Results of using the roentgenological method, fibroesophagogastroscopy with biopsy of the esophagus, manometry and electromyography of the esophagus are presented. Specific features and results of the surgical treatment of the disease are described.
