Expression of toll-like and adhesive receptors on epithelial cells of the oral mucosa in periodontitis.

The expression of toll-like and adhesive receptors on epithelial cells of the oral mucosa changes in different pathological conditions, both local and systemic levels, in particular, in chronic periodontitis. The long-term presence of periodontal pathogenic microorganisms in the gingival furrow stimulates and supports the inflammatory process. The interaction of periodontal pathogens with epithelial cells of the oral mucosa is the first stage of the development of periodontitis. The pathological process affects the function of epithelial cells, in particular their ability to interact with representatives of microbiocenosis. Therefore, the natural colonization of normal oral microbiota on buccal epitheliocytes, reflecting the ability of epithelial cells to microbial adhesion, is a sensitive indicator of various destabilizing processes. Determining the level of expression of toll-like TLR2 and TLR4 receptors on epithelial cells also allows us to assess the functional state of cells and the severity of the inflammatory process at the level of the oral mucosa, in particular, in chronic periodontitis. In this paper, we studied the receptor-dependent reactions of buccal epithelial cells in chronic periodontitis using flow cytofluorometry and by determining the level of natural (microbial) colonization. The authors also compared these methods for determining the functional state of mucosal cells in chronic periodontitis. The results showed that in patients with periodontitis, the activity of receptors involved in adhesive reactions with the oral microbiota changed slightly and was little higher than in healthy donors. At the same time, the expression of TLRs on epithelial cells in periodontitis changed significantly. Thus, the percentage of cells expressing TLR2 significantly increased, while TLR4 decreased. Concurrently, the percentage of mucosal cells that do not have TLRs increased significantly in oral pathology. Thus, the study of TLR2 - and TLR4-expression on buccal epithelial cells is a more representative test in assessing the severity of the inflammatory process in chronic periodontitis than determining the level of natural colonization.

[Antiadhesive effect of the secretion of the oral cavity in the system "Candida albicans--buccal epitheliocytes"].

The influence of the oral cavity secretion on adhesive reactions in the system "C. albicans--buccal epitheliocytes" was studied. The treatment of C. albicans with natural saliva led to decrease of adhesive activity. The treatment of C. albicans with antibody absorbed saliva at different temperature conditions led to different changes of adhesion. This effect was determined by the action of temperature-dependent and temperature-independent factors, supposedly of enzymatic nature.

[Influence of staphylococcal metabolites on adhesive reactions in the system "Candida albicans-buccal epitheliocytes"]. / Vliianie metabolitov stafilokkov na adgezivnye reaktsii v sisteme "Candida albicans-bukkal'nye epiteliotsity".

The influence of S. aureus and S. epidermitidis metabolites on the adhesive reactions in the system "C. albicans-buccal epitheliocytes" was studied. The study revealed that the treatment of C. albicans with S. aureus supernatants inhibited the adhesion of C. albicans to epitheliocytes, the degree of the inhibiting action of S. aureus supernatants in the system depending on their strain specificity. S. epidermitidis supernatants produced no adhesive effect. The irreversible decrease of the adhesive activity of C. albicans under the action of bacterial metabolites was, seemingly, the consequence of transformation of the receptor apparatus of C. albicans. At the same time S. aureus supernatants produced no essential influence on the adhesive potential and viability of buccal epitheliocytes.

[Reactivity of Candida albicans in the system of the alternative way of complement activation]. / Reaktivnost' Candida albicans v sisteme al'ternativnogo puti aktivatsii komplementa.

The neutrophil-stimulating activity of C. albicans before and after opsonization in the system of the alternative way of complement activation (AWCA) was studied. The study revealed that, in comparison with zymosan, C. albicans exhibited a considerably lower index of AWCA-dependent opsonic effect in reaction with neutrophils. This did not correlate with the capacity of substrates to activate the alternative cascade and with the intensity of phagocytosis. The suggestion on the involvement of C. albicans thermolabile cell-wall components into the negative regulation AWCA-dependent opsonic effect was substantiated.