RESUMO
Amphibiotic insects, chironomids of the genera Glyptotendipes and Chironomus, which emerged from saline Lake Shira, differed in composition and content of fatty acids, including the essential eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3, EPA), and upon flying out they were concentrated in different territories, the riparian zone and remote arid steppe zone, respectively. Potential consumers of chironomids adults, the orb-weaver spiders Larinoides suspicax, which inhabited both zones, also differed in fatty acid composition. The main difference in their biochemical composition was a significantly higher level of EPA in spiders from the riparian zone that likely to be explained by consumption of the Glyptotendipes adults enriched in this fatty acid and concentrated only within this zone. The higher level of EPA, which is deficient in terrestrial ecosystems, in orb-weaver spiders from the riparian zone of the saline lake may potentially promote a successful survival of the consumers in the arid landscape.
Assuntos
Chironomidae , Ecossistema , Ácidos Graxos/análise , Comportamento Alimentar , Pradaria , Aranhas/metabolismo , Animais , Ácido Eicosapentaenoico/metabolismo , Ácidos Graxos/químicaRESUMO
We compared the composition and content of fatty acids (FAs) in the liver, muscles, and subcutaneous fat of Yakut horses inhabiting extreme environment in the Cryolithozone. Essential linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids, supplied to horses with their food, were accumulated in different tissues. Linoleic acid was accumulated in the liver but alpha-linolenic acid was accumulated in muscle and subcutaneous fat. Such a distribution indicates different roles of these fatty acids in the metabolism of horses. Yakut horse meat is a valuable dietary product owing to its fatty acid composition and content.
Assuntos
Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/metabolismo , Ácidos Graxos/metabolismo , Fígado/metabolismo , Músculos/metabolismo , Gordura Subcutânea/metabolismo , Ácido alfa-Linolênico/metabolismo , Animais , Ácidos Graxos/análise , Ácidos Graxos Insaturados/metabolismo , Cavalos , Carne/análiseRESUMO
We have studied the fatty acid composition of eyes of amphibiotic insects, namely, the odonate Sympetrum flaveolum. The main polyunsaturated fatty acid of odonate's eyes has been found to be 20:5n-3 (eicosapentaenoic fatty acid, EPA) rather than 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3, which usually dominate in eyes of terrestrial insects, or 22:6n-3, which dominates in eyes of vertebrates. The prevalence of EPA in odonate's eyes probably provides a more effective transmission of light signal in this animal compared to terrestrial insects. It is important for odonates because vision plays a decisive role in finding and catching prey.
Assuntos
Olho/química , Ácidos Graxos/química , Odonatos/anatomia & histologia , AnimaisRESUMO
The study of the composition of fatty acid markers of tadpoles of cohabiting amphibian species for the first time revealed differences in their diets: the moor frog Rana arvalis prefers bacteria not associated with plant detritus, whereas the diet of the common spadefoot Pelobates fuscus is based on cyanobacteria, green algae, diatoms, and possibly higher plants. Major differences in the fatty acid composition are determined by the difference in the percentage of eicosapentaenoic and myristic acids.
Assuntos
Dieta , Ácidos Graxos/metabolismo , Comportamento Alimentar , Ranidae/fisiologia , Animais , Ecossistema , Larva/metabolismo , Larva/fisiologia , Ranidae/classificação , Ranidae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
Fatty acid (FA) and element contents were studied in 14 brands of canned (in its own juice and with sunflower oil) saury (Cololabis saira), a popular product of Russian market. Canned saury is a valuable source of essential polyunsaturated FA - eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3). To obtain personal daily dose of EPA + DHA of 1 g for prevention of cardiovascular diseases, neural and inflammatory disorders one needs to intake from 26 to 76 g of canned saury, as was calculated for studied brands. ICP-OES analysis of 24 elements showed that Pb concentration in one brand and Cd content in most of studied saury samples exceeded standards for fish meat established by the European Commission. However, values of hazard quotient, HQEFA, which estimate benefit-risk ratio of fish intake, indicate that canned saury is safe product for human nutrition.
Assuntos
Ácidos Graxos Essenciais/administração & dosagem , Ácidos Graxos Essenciais/análise , Peixes/metabolismo , Metais Pesados/administração & dosagem , Metais Pesados/análise , Medição de Risco/estatística & dados numéricos , Animais , Humanos , SegurançaRESUMO
The effect of a biotic factor--the presence of predatory fish in water--on the composition and content of fatty acids in crustaceans was studied in the populations of the lake amphipod Gammarus lacustris from two lakes with fish and three lakes without fish. It was found that, at an overall increase in the quantity and quality of food resources (namely, increase in the content of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the biomass), the relative rate of DHA accumulation in gammarids in the lakes without fish is higher than in the lake with fish.
Assuntos
Biodiversidade , Crustáceos/metabolismo , Ácidos Graxos/metabolismo , Lagos , Animais , Crustáceos/fisiologia , Peixes/fisiologia , Comportamento PredatórioAssuntos
Ácidos Graxos/análise , Peixes/metabolismo , Análise de Alimentos , Animais , Ácidos Graxos/metabolismo , Feminino , MasculinoAssuntos
Ecossistema , Ácidos Graxos Insaturados/análise , Insetos/química , Animais , Feminino , MasculinoAssuntos
Ácidos Docosa-Hexaenoicos/metabolismo , Ácido Eicosapentaenoico/metabolismo , Monitoramento Ambiental , Ácidos Graxos Insaturados/metabolismo , Água Doce , Zooplâncton/metabolismo , Animais , Copépodes/metabolismo , Ácidos Docosa-Hexaenoicos/análise , Ácido Eicosapentaenoico/análise , Ácidos Graxos Insaturados/análise , Temperatura , Água , Zooplâncton/químicaAssuntos
Migração Animal , Ácidos Graxos/análise , Água Doce , Reprodução , Salmão/fisiologia , Água do Mar , Animais , Feminino , Masculino , Músculos/química , Músculos/citologia , Oceanos e Mares , Salmão/metabolismoRESUMO
Seasonal dynamics of contents of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in dominant groups of benthic invertebrates: gammarids (Gammaridae, Amphipoda), oligochaetes (Oligochaeta), chironomid larvae (Chironomidae, Diptera) and caddisfly larvae (Trichoptera), and dominant benthivorous fish, Siberian grayling Thymallus arcticus, have been studied in ecosystem of the large Siberian river. During the year of the study most benthic invertebrate taxa showed significant variations in the contents of both C-18 and long chain C-20-22 PUFAs. In contrast, the fish, which consumed the zoobenthos, had no significant seasonal variations in long chain PUFAs' contents. Thereby, the fish, as organisms of relatively higher evolution level than invertebrates, was supposed to have more strict metabolic control of long chain PUFAs' contents. Evidence was obtained that the studied fish species, grayling, may be capable to convert dietary EPA into DHA.